BIDIRECTIONAL SELECTION FOR NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER AND YIELD IN REED CANARYGRASS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SURPRENANT ◽  
D. K. BARNES ◽  
R. H. BUSCH ◽  
G. C. MARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Selection For

Increasing animal voluntary intake and forage yield are two important goals in breeding reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of one cycle of selection for both the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and yield in reed canarygrass. NDF is considered an indicator of intake potential. Five groups of five plants each were selected for NDF and forage yield from a reed canarygrass population previously selected for low alkaloid concentration and high seed retention. These five groups were designated: low NDF-Iow yield (LL), low NDF-high yield (LH), mean NDF-mean yield (MM), high NDF-low yield (HL) and high NDF-high yield (HH). Progenies from these selections were evaluated in spaced-plant nurseries at a reproductive stage of growth and at three vegetative harvests. Measurements were made for maturity, yield per plant, yield per area, area per plant, and NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP) were measured by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Selections for low NDF were associated with later maturity while selections for high NDF were associated with earlier maturity. Selection for lower yield per plant reduced yield per plant when evaluated at the reproductive growth in the LL population, but not at the vegetative growth stage. The high and low yield populations differed from each other for all traits except area per plant at the reproductive and vegetative harvests and yield per plant at the vegetative harvests, but were not different from MM. Populations selected for high and low NDF were significantly different for NDF, ADF and crude protein at both the reproductive and the vegetative harvests. In all cases, except for NDF at the reproductive harvests, there was no significant interaction between yield and NDF selection. Apparently, selection for yield per plant and NDF was effective in creating divergent populations. However, more than one cycle of selection are needed in a breeding program to obtain populations significantly different from the original population.Key words: Phalaris arundinacea L., neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein

scholarly journals Leaf tissues proportion and chemical composition of Axonopus jesuiticus x A. scoparius as a function of pig slurry application

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Cristiano Reschke Lajús ◽  
Mário Miranda ◽  
Simone Meredith Scheffer Basso ◽  
Cercí Maria Carneiro ◽  
Pedro Alexandre Varella Escosteguy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Transversal Section ◽  
Leaf Tissues

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and anatomical attributes of leaves of giant missionary grass to application of 0, 62, 124, 186, 248 and 310m³ ha-1 of pig slurry. At 83 days after the last application of fertilizer, the leaf blades were collected, fixed in FAA 70%, sectioned, stained, photographed and digitalized. The transversal section of leaf blades were evaluated for proportion of epidermis, lignified vascular tissue + sclerenchyma, non-lignified vascular tissue and parenchyma with an image-processing system calibrated to 1mm pixel-1. Leaf samples were analyzed for crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose content by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The pig slurry application up to 310m³ ha-1 significantly increased the percentage of crude protein, parenchyma, epidermis, non-lignified vascular tissue and hemicellulose, while decreasing the percentage of acid detergent fiber and lignified vascular tissue + sclerenchyma. The Pearson's correlation was positive between crude protein and non-lignified vascular tissue, and between acid detergent fiber and lignified vascular tissue + sclerenchyma. The percentage of hemicellulose was positively correlated with epidermis, parenchyma and non-lignified vascular tissue. A negative correlation between acid detergent fiber and epidermis, parenchyma and non-lignified vascular tissue was observed.

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Part II. Effect of Calibration Set Selection on Accuracy of Method

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-856
Author(s):  
Franklin E Barton
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Good Calibration

Abstract Tall fescue samples (Festuca arundenacea Schreb) were collected during 1983-1985. The 1983 and 1984 samples were used for calibration and the 1985 samples were used for validation. The combined 1983-1984 calibration set contained 382 samples. The program "SUBSET" was run and 74 samples were selected. The remaining samples from 1983- 1984 were divided Into 4 files of 77 samples each by taking every 4th sample. The "SUBSET" program was run on the 1985 set of 211 samples and 40 samples were selected that represented all the spectral diversity in the set. Separate sets of equations were developed with 2 regression programs, "BEST" and "CAL," and used to predict acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, permanganate lignin, and crude protein. The results show that while a random selection could sometimes produce a better set for calibration, the "SUBSET" program picks a set that consistently will produce a good calibration. In most instances, the "SUBSET" equations were the best or next to the best when measured by the standard error of performance corrected for bias.

Determination of Acid-Detergent Fiber and Crude Protein in Forages by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy: Collaborative Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E Barton II ◽  
William R Windham
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Abstract A Collaborative Study Was Conducted To Determine The Standard Error Of Difference Among Laboratories For Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic (Nirs) Determination Of Acid-Detergent Fiber (Adf) And Crude Protein In Forages. The 6 Participating Laboratories Were Members Of The Usda/Ars National Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Forage Research Project. The Nirs Calibration Equations Were Developed In The Associate Referee's Laboratory For Crude Protein And Adf And Were Transferred To The Instrument In Each Of The Other Collaborating Laboratories. The Calibration Set Included Over 650 Diverse Forage Samples With Crude Protein And Adf Calibration Data; The Validation Set Included 94 Samples Of Bermudagrass. Amonglaboratory Reproducibility For The Nirs Method, Calculated As The Relative Standard Deviation For Reproducibility (Rsdr), Was 1.14% For Adf And 0.42% For Crude Protein. The Variance Component For Among-Laboratory Variation (Coefficient Of Variation) Was 2.54% For Adf And 2.89% For Crude Protein. These Results Confirm That It Is Possible To Calibrate, Validate, And Transfer (Nirs) Equations And Data Among Laboratories For The Accurate Determination Of Adf And Crude Protein, And Thereby Demonstrate That Nirs Can Be Used As A Standard Method For The Analysis Of Forages. The Method Has Been Adopted Official First Action

scholarly journals Effects of hybrid and row spacing on maize forage yield and quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Iptas ◽  
A.A. Acar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant

This study was conducted to determine the effect of row spacing (40, 60 and 80 cm) on forage dry matter (DM) yield and quality of four hybrids grown in the years 2001 and 2002. The highest DM yield was obtained from the Arifiye (24.1 and 22.4 t/ha) while the lowest DM yield was obtained from Pioneer 3163 (19.9 and 19.8 t/ha) in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively. As row spacing increased, DM yield as an average of two years decreased from 27.2 to 16.6 t/ha. No differences were found among row spacing for DM content, harvest index (HI) and ear content. As row spacing increased, whole-plant acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content increased from 214 to 227 g/kg and from 420 to 451 g/kg during the year 2001, respectively. However, ADF content decreased from 281 to 267 g/kg and NDF contents decreased from 530 to 515 g/kg with increasing row spacing during the year 2002. In this study, hybrids showed distinct differences for crude protein, ADF and NDF contents in both years. Forage quality parameter including ADF and NDF of Pioneer 3163, TTM 8119 and Karadeniz Yildizi were higher than Arifiye hybrid.

scholarly journals Producción de biomasa y calidad nutricional de tres forrajes cosechados a dos alturas

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Elizondo Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
The University

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of cutting height on yield and nutritional quality of three forage species used for feeding dairy cattle. The study was carried out at the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica. The evaluated species were: native corn (Zea mays), black sorghum (Sorghum almum) and king grass cultivar Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum); these three species were harvested at two different cutting heights (15 and 45 cm above ground). Green forage yield was significantly different (P<0.05) within each of the species and dry matter (DM) yield was reduced between 17 to 42% when cutting height was increased. When cutting height was done at 15 cm above ground, corn, black sorghum and Taiwan yielded 51.3, 31.4 and 70.9 t/ha/ cycle, respectively. With regard to DM, the forage species that yielded the most when harvested at 15 cm above ground was Taiwan grass, with 11.6 t/ha/cycle, while the forage species that yielded the least when harvested at 45 cm was corn with only 5.4 t/ha. Black sorghum signi cantly (P<0.05) improved its nutritive value when cutting height was increased. DM concentration increased from 22.79 to 25.53%, crude protein also increased from 8.24 to 12.90%, meanwhile neutral detergent fiber decreased from 63.69 to 59.47% and acid detergent fiber also decreased from 43.15 to 37.30%. 

NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR PREDICTING FORAGE COMPOSITION AND VOLUNTARY CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN CATTLE AND SHEEP

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. REDSHAW ◽  
R. D. WEISENBURGER ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIR) measurements were made on 82 samples of legume (alfalfa and clover), grass (brome, timothy, reed canary grass and meadow foxtail) and legume-grass mixtures using a Neotec model 6100 scanning monochromator. Data on the forages, used for establishing NIR calibrations for predictive relationships and appraising them, were chemical composition and measurements of digestibility and voluntary consumption for cattle and sheep. The primary wavelengths selected by multiple regression techniques were similar to those obtained by other researchers for crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus. Similar primary wavelengths were selected for prediction of digestibility and voluntary intake (g kg−0.75) of forages for cattle and sheep, but those selected for voluntary intake on the basis of percentage of body weight differed between animal species. The wavelengths which best predicted animal intake and digestibility in our trials differed from those reported by other researchers. Crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and ash concentrations in forage were predicted with standard errors of 1.0, 2.2, 2.9, 1.1, 0.07, 0.15, 0.02, and 1.2%, respectively. The accuracy of predictions for these chemical constituents was similar to that reported by other workers. Digestible energy content, dry matter digestibility, voluntary intake and digestible energy intake of hays by cattle were predicted with standard errors of prediction of 0.59 MJ kg, 2.4%, 7.6 g DM kg−0.75, and 79 kJ kg−0.75, respectively. Corresponding values for sheep were 0.96, 4.4, 6.3 and 128. The quantitative importance of variability in animal data in the calibration of the NIR procedure was discussed. This variability accounted for about one-half of the variability of NIR prediction of voluntary DM and digestible energy intake of cattle. This proportion was reduced to approximately one-quarter and one-sixth for digestibility of dry matter and digestible energy content of feed, respectively. Key words: Cattle, sheep, forages, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, nutritive value

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2172
Author(s):  
Sunyad Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Walid Soufan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Tillage System

Livestock development in rainfed areas is slower due to the inadequate supply of nutritious fodder. Mono-cropping systems also have a negative impact on forage yield and nutrition as cereals are deficient in protein. Hence, there is a dire need to grow cereals with legumes to improve forage yield and quality. Therefore, a two-year field study was undertaken to evaluate winter cereal–legume forage and their mixtures viz. oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock) under different tillage systems viz. conventional tillage (moldboard plow+4-cultivation with tines) and conservation tillage (3-cultivation with tines). Crops were grown in pure stands as well as in mixtures with a 70:30 seeding ratio. The results revealed that the conventional tillage system performed better in terms of numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield than the conservation tillage system. However, the conventional and conservation tillage systems did not show a significant difference in terms of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. In the pure stands and cereal–legume mixtures, the oat–vetch mixture performed better in terms of plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield. The maximum crude protein content was observed in the oat–vetch mixture, while the maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were observed in the pure oat stands. In competitive indices, the land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratio showed the advantage of intercropping. In actual yield loss, results showed the positive value of barley and oats in mixtures, which reflects the advantage of intercropping in the rainfed areas. The economic analysis showed a greater net benefit from the conventional tillage than the conservation tillage system under rainfed conditions. On the basis of this investigation, an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommended for higher tonnage of nutritious fodder in rainfed areas.

scholarly journals Rapid and Cost-Effective Assessment of the Neutral and Acid Detergent Fiber Fractions of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by Combining Modified PLS and Visible with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Rafael Font ◽  
Mercedes del Río-Celestino ◽  
Diego Luna ◽  
Juan Gil ◽  
Antonio de Haro-Bailón
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with modified partial least squares (modified PLS) regression was used for determining the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) fractions of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed. Fifty chickpea accessions (24 desi and 26 kabuli types) and fifty recombinant inbred lines F5:6 derived from a kabuli × desi cross were evaluated for NDF and ADF, and scanned by NIRS. NDF and ADF values were regressed against different spectral transformations by modified partial least squares regression. The coefficients of determination in the cross-validation and the standard deviation from the standard error of cross-validation ratio were, for NDF, 0.91 and 3.37, and for ADF, 0.98 and 6.73, respectively, showing the high potential of NIRS to assess these components in chickpea for screening (NDF) or quality control (ADF) purposes. The spectral information provided by different chromophores existing in the chickpea seed highly correlated with the NDF and ADF composition of the seed, and, thus, those electronic transitions are highly influenced on model fitting for fiber.

Prediction of crude protein content in field peas using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Arganosa ◽  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
S. Blade ◽  
C. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

A rapid, near-infrared spectroscopic method to predict the crude protein contents of 72 field pea lines grown in Saskatchewan, both whole seeds and ground samples, was established. Correlation coefficients between the laboratory and predicted values were 0.938 and 0.952 for whole seed and ground seed, respectively. Both methods developed are adequate to support our field pea breeding programme. Key words: Field pea, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, crude protein

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document