PREDICTION OF THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF EASTERN CANADIAN CORN USING MEASUREMENTS OF CAPACITANCE AND TEST WEIGHT

A statistical regression model for rapid prediction of moisture content based on measurements of dielectric capacitance and test weight was developed for eastern Canadian corn (Zea mays L.). For 336 samples of the 1986 crop, dielectric readings were determined with a Model 919 grain moisture meter, test weight values with an Ohaus half-litre measure and moisture content values by a single-stage air-oven procedure. The regression model, which incorporates linear terms for dielectric reading and test weight plus an interaction term which is a product of the two, is an excellent predictor of corn moisture as indicated by analysis of the residuals and by the high value of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.95) and low value of the standard error of estimate (SEE = 0.85). Although the relationship between moisture content and dielectric reading for Ontario samples differed from that for Quebec samples, the proposed regression model helped to compensate for the difference. This model was also effective in predicting moisture content for 365 samples of 1987-crop eastern Canadian corn. As well, it yielded a better fit to 1986–1987 crop data than did the dielectric-based regression model used in CGC Corn Moisture Conversion Table No. 9.Key words: Zea Mays L., predicting corn moisture, Model 919 meter, capacitance, test weight, dielectric

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PERBEDAAN KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN DAYA CERNA PATI TEPUNG JAGUNG DAN TEPUNG KECAMBAH JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) ◽

10.24843/itepa.2018.v07.i01.p05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Willem Kurniawan Lombu ◽

Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa ◽

AAI. Sri Wiadnyani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Starch Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

Corn Flour ◽

The Difference

This study aims to determine the difference of characteristic and starch digestibility of germinated and ungerminated flour. This study used randomized complete design (RCD) three repeated. The corn germinated for 36 hours. Corn germinated flour and ungerminated flour were evaluated directly of the chemical composition of the flour content, moisture content, ash content, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, starch content and starch digestibility. The results showed the corn germinated flour has increased of moisture content from 9.66% into 10.38%, increased of protein into 7.22% into 8.45%, increased of fiber content from 2.28% into 2.79% and increased of starch digestibility from 57.04% into 62.43%. While were the decreased fat content from 5.17% into 4.76%, decreased of carbohydrate from 75.41% into 73.89% and decreased of starch content from 76.10% into 69.40%. The treatmented has no effect for the flour content decreased from 41.40% into 40.36% and ash content decreased from 2.52% into 2.51%. Germinated increased starch digestibility and changed the character of corn flour.

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New method to determine FAO number of maize, Zea mays L.

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0401083m ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.C. Marton ◽

D. Szieberth ◽

M. Csuros

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Error ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

New Method ◽

Annual Fluctuation ◽

G X E Interaction ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

The Difference ◽

Maturity Groups ◽

Maturity Parameters

FAO numbers are generally calculated from the grain moisture at harvest, which has decreased substantially in recent decades. In many countries maize is now harvested with a grain moisture of around 20 %. However, the lower the grain moisture at harvest, the smaller the difference in grain moisture between the maturity groups and/or individual hybrids. The reliability of grain moisture measurements has not improved parallel to the decline in the differences between hybrids, making it difficult to determine the maturity dates of the hybrids reliably. A new method has been elaborated to solve this problem and has been successfully used for the last two years in official trials in Hungary. The new method has several advantages: (a) more maturity parameters are taken into consideration, so the evaluation of more data improves reliability, (b) regression between the maturity parameters and the FAO number is calculated using several standards, thus reducing the effect of the G x E interaction and the experimental error. As a result, the annual fluctuation in the FAO number for each 1 % grain moisture is reduced.

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GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS FOR TWO HYBRIDS OF MAIZE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps85-069 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 481-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. J. HOEKSTRA ◽

L. W. KANNENBERG ◽

B. R. CHRISTIE

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Data Support ◽

Plant Densities ◽

The Difference ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Grain Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

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Aflatoxigenic contamination of freshly harvested white maize (Zea mays L.) from some selected Ugandan districts

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27888 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy Omara

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Total Aflatoxin ◽

Strategic Adaptation ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Agroecological Zones

The moisture content and total aflatoxin (AF) content of 27 samples of freshly harvested white maize (Zea mays L.) from Mubende (n = 3), Ibanda (n = 3), Jinja (n = 3), Mayuge (n = 3) , Buikwe (n = 3), Hoima (n = 3), Mpigi (n = 3), Masindi (n = 3) and Bugiri (n = 3) districts of Uganda representing the agroecological zones: Lake Victoria crescent, Western Highlands, South East and Lake Albert Crescent were determined in the second season harvest of January 2019 to March 2019. Moisture content ranged from 12.9 to 18.8% (mean moisture content varied from 13.9±0.35-17.2±1.55%) with the highest moisture recorded in maize from Ibanda. The highest mean AF contamination of 11.0±3.01 μg/kg was recorded in maize from Hoima while the lowest AF content of 3.8±1.30 μg/kg was recorded in maize from Mpigi. Despite the fact that all the samples had detectable aflatoxins, none of the maize samples had aflatoxin greater than WHO regulatory limit of 20 μg/kg. White maize in Uganda are precontaminated by aflatoxins prior to harvest. Whereas the spectre of aflatoxigenic contamination of foods remains a ticklish challenge to address, strategic adaptation and deployment of appropriate interventions can help secure a safe harvest. Farmers should plant maize varieties with established maturity periods to ensure timely harvesting. Further research should assess the presence of other mycotoxins as zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, vomitoxin and diacetoxyscirpenol that may co-occur with aflatoxins in freshly harvested maize.

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Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Alat Pengering Surya Adriyarkara Termodifikasi

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v3i2.7429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 351-360

Author(s):

Athul Fadhli ◽

Diswandi Nurba ◽

Raida Agustina

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Drying Time ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Average Relative Humidity

Abstrak. Jagung merupakan tanaman penghasil karbohidrat terpenting. Pengeringan jagung pipil menggunakan alat pengering merupakan proses untuk menghasilkan jagung pipil yang siap diolah untuk pembuatan tepung jagung dengan batas kadar air tertentu sehingga menghaslkan jagung pipil dengan kualitas yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengeringan biji jagung menggunakan alat pengering surya Termodifikasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan 3,15 kilogram jagung pipil dengan kadar air awal 22% untuk proses pengeringan. Parameter yang dianalisis terkait alat pengering kolektor surya yaitu temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan udara dan iradiasi surya, sedangkan parameter yang dianalisis terkait bahan yaitu kadar air, lama waktu pengeringan, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari pengujian kosong dan pengujian dengan menggunakan jagung pipil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 44,4oC, temperatur rata-rata setelah dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 55,5oC dan temperatur rata-rata rak pengering pada pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 46,96oC. Kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 40,1%, kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering setelah modifikasi yaitu 35,1% dan kelembaban relatif rata-rata pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 44,45%. Dari hasil pengukuran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai temperatur dan kelembaban pada alat setelah modifikasi lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum alat dimodifikasi. Pengukuran temperatur dan kelembaban relatif terdiri dari 4 titik pengukuran yaitu rak 1A,1B dan rak 2A, 2B. Kecepatan udara rata-rata yang diukur konstan yaitu 0,7 m/s pada ruang pengering, sedangkan lingkungan 1,1 m/s. Total iradiasi surya selama pengeringan yaitu 1848,84 W/m2. Kadar air jagung pipil masing-masing rak yaitu rak 1A 14,29%, rak 1B 14,47%, rak 2A 13,91% dan rak 2B 14,1%. Hasil dari pengujian organoleptik, panelis agak menyukai jagung pipil yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat pengering tersebut.Characteristics of Seed Drying (Zea mays L.) Using a Modified Adriyarkara Solar DryerAbstract. Corn is the most important carbohydrate plant. Drying corn using a drying tool is a process to produce corn that are ready to be processed for making corn flour with a certain water content limit so as to produce corn with good quality. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of drying of corn kernels using a modified solar dryer. The research method used 3,15 kilogram of corn milled with the initial moisture content of 22% for drying process. The parameters analyzed in relation to solar collector dryers are temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and solar irradiation, while the parameters analyzed are materials such as moisture content, drying time, drying rate and organoleptic. The research procedure consists of unloaded testing and testing using corn. The results showed that the average temperature in the dryer tray before modification was 44,4°C, the average temperature after modification was 55,5°C and the average temperature of the dryer tray on drying using corn was 46,96oC. The average relative humidity in the dryer tray before modification is 40,1%, the average relative humidity in the dryer tray after modification is 35,1% and the average relative humidity of drying using corn is 44,45%. From the measurement results show that the value of temperature and humidity in the tool after modification is better than before. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity consist of 4 point of measurement that is tray 1A, 1B and tray 2A, 2B. Average mean air velocity measured is 0,7 m/s at the dryer room, while the environment is 1,1 m/s. Total solar irradiation during drying is 1848,84 W/m2. Moisture level of corn each shelves tray 1A is 14,29%, tray 1B is 14.47%, tray 2A is 13,91% and tray 2B is 14,1%. As a result of organoleptic testing, panelists rather like dried corn using the dryer.

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Efecto de variante de riego en la producción de maíz (zea mays l.) En la Comuna Río Verde, cantón Santa Elena, Ecuador.

Revista Científica y Tecnológica UPSE ◽

10.26423/rctu.v3i2.160 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 100-104

Author(s):

Ángel León ◽

Mercedes Arzube ◽

Lenni Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Quadratic Equation ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

State University ◽

Randomized Design ◽

El Alto ◽

Measuring Tool ◽

High Degree ◽

Santa Elena

El ensayo se realizó en el Centro de Producción y Prácticas Río Verde, propiedad de la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, ubicada en la comuna Río verde cantón Santa Elena, el trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de variantes de riego en el comportamiento agronómico del maíz bajo diferentes láminas de riego utilizando como instrumento de medición de la evaporación la tina clase A. Los tratamientos fueron cinco dosis de riego 60, 70, 80, 90 y 100 % de la evapotranspiración, los tratamientos se dispusieron en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, las medias comparadas con la prueba de Tukey (p > 0,05). El análisis de regresión se ajusta a una ecuación de segundo grado y el coeficiente de determinación R2 0,91, el mismo que muestra el alto grado de dependencia de los resultados en función de las variantes de riego. La mayor producción la obtuvo el tratamiento 90% con 12,18 t.ha-1. AbstractEffect of irrigation variant in the corn production (Zea mays L.) at Río Verde commune, Santa Elena, Ecuador.The test was conducted at the Production and Practice Center Río Verde, owned by the Santa Elena Peninsula State University, located in Río Verde commune, Santa Elena canton, the research aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation variations into agronomic performance of corn under different irrigation sheets using as measuring tool evaporation A class Pan. The treatments were five doses of irrigation 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% of evapotranspiration, treatments were placed in a complete randomized design of blocks with four replications, the averages compared with the Tukey test (p> 0.05). The regression analysis fits a quadratic equation and the coefficient of determination R2 0,91 which shows the high degree of dependence of results based on irrigation variants. The highest production was obtained by the treatment with 90% with 12,18 t.ha-1.

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Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain moisture at harvest and field grain drying rate in maize ( Zea mays L.)

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.13048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 169 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Zhang ◽

Fengqi Zhang ◽

Baojun Tang ◽

Yong Ding ◽

Laikun Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Molecular Mapping ◽

Drying Rate ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Grain Drying ◽

Trait Loci

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Some factors influencing electrolyte leakage from maize (Zea mays L.) kernels

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258500000581 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

H. Bruggink ◽

H. L. Kraak ◽

M. H. G. E. Dijkema ◽

J. Bekendam

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Conductivity Measurements ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Quality Testing ◽

Maize Kernels

AbstractEven though the embryo of a maize (Zea mays L.) kernel contributes relatively little to total kernel weight, it is a main source of electrolytes which leach from the kernel during imbibition. Ageing of maize kernels for 18 days at 40°C and a moisture content of about 15% results in an increase of electrolyte leakage which almost exclusively originates from the embryo. The effect of ageing is most apparent after prolonged periods of imbibition. Mechanical damage increases leakage early during imbibition, the effect of damage being considerably larger for aged than for unaged kernels. The large amount of electrolytes measured after the first hour of imbibition of undamaged kernels comes mainly from the pericarp. The electrolyte content of the pericarp is variety dependent and may interfere with quality testing by conductivity measurements.

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EFFECT OF SIMULATED FROST INJURY INDUCED BY PARAQUAT ON KERNEL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CORN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-063 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 419-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. J. MAJOR

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Test Weight ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Degree Days ◽

Frost Injury ◽

Yield Test ◽

Kernel Growth ◽

Period Duration

Four corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, grown at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1975, 1976, and 1977, were sprayed on three dates with paraquat in an attempt to produce symptoms similar to those of a first killing frost. Interactions among hybrids and treatments were rare for characteristics such as grain yield, test weight, and kernel moisture content. The most pronounced effect of paraquat was that yield was reduced by about 1000 kg/ha for each week the simulated frost occurred before maturity. Development was affected less than yield. Treatments that resulted in a yield reduction of 60% only caused a 15% reduction in test weight. Kernel development was closely related to the accumulation of growing degree days with a base of 12 °C. Kernel moisture content was higher immediately after paraquat treatment, but rate of moisture loss was also slightly higher so that the paraquat treatments caught up to the checks and finally had a slightly lower moisture content. The earlier the paraquat treatment was imposed, the greater was the reduction in growth rate of grain. In addition, a very early paraquat treatment resulted in a longer effective filling period duration (EFPD), and a later imposition of the paraquat treatment caused a reduction in the EFPD compared to the check treatments.

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