Evaluasi kegenjahan dan daya hasil jagung manis hibrida Indonesia menggunakan analisis GGE biplot pada lingkungan yang berbeda

AbstrakUji multilokasi merupakan fase yang penting dalam menyeleksi hibrida jagung yang stabil pada lingkungan yang luas dan menyeleksi hibrida superior untuk lokasi spesifik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kegenjahan dan daya hasil hibrida Padjadjaran, serta menentukan interaksi genotip dengan lingkungan (G x E), stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas karakter kegenjahan hibrida Padjadjaran di tiga lokasi selama dua musim yang berbeda di Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan delapan belas perlakuan yang terdiri dari enam belas hibrida Padjadjaran dan dua kultivar cek. Percobaan dilaksanakan selama dua tahun berturut- turut yaitu tahun ke-1 (Maret sampai Juli, 2014) dan tahun ke-2 (Maret sampai Juli, 2015) di tiga lokasi di Jawa Barat, yaitu: Jatinangor - Sumedang, Lembang - Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dan Wanayasa - Kabupaten Purwakarta. Uji lanjut yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai rerata kegenjahan dan daya hasil digunakan analisis Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), sedangkan untuk menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas menggunakan Genotype plus Genotype x Environment (GGE) biplot. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa analisis GGE dapat menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas, dan adaptabilitas jagung manis hibrida Indonesia di Jawa Barat secara akurat. Model GGE disarankan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai aplikasi analisis untuk perilisan hibrida unggul di Indonesia oleh Kementerian Pertanian.Kata Kunci: Adaptabilitas, Interaksi G x E, kegenjahan, Stabilitas Abstract. Multi-environment testing is an important stage to select stable hybrid for broad environment and to select superior hybrid for a specific environment. To determined G x E (Genotype x Environment) interaction, stability and adaptability of Padjadjaran sweet corn in Indonesia, sixteen new Padjadjaran sweetcorn hybrids and two commercial hybrids were tested in three locations for two different seasons in West Java, Indonesia. Duncan multiple range was used to elaborate the difference between sweetcorn hybrids for short duration and yield, while Genotype plus Genotype x Environment (GGE) biplot analysis was used to determine G x E interaction, stability, and adaptability. Results showed that GGE analysis was accurately determined G x E interaction, stability, and adaptability of Indonesian sweet corn in West Java. The GGE model is suggested to implement as a tool for Ministry of Agriculture to release superior hybrid in Indonesia.Keywords: Adaptability, G x E interaction, Short duration, Stability

Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production.

Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions for Fusarium wilt resistance

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate chickpea breeding lines and popular varieties for Fusarium wilt resistance through multi-location field evaluation in major chickpea growing states of India. Methodology: Forty-five chickpea accessions were evaluated for Fusarium wilt resistance in field sick plots at Kanpur, Junagadh, Sehore and Rahuri in India during 2016 and 2017. Each accession was planted in three replications in a randomized block design. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for testing the significance of variation due to accessions, environments and their interaction. GGE biplots analysis were constructed from the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) using 45 genotypes and 8 environments using statistical software R, versions 2.15. Results: The effects of genotype, environment and G x E interaction for wilt incidence were highly significant with maximum variation caused by G x E interaction effect (50.42%), followed by genotypic (46.92 %) and environmental effect (2.24%). GGE biplot analysis revealed that Rahuri and Junagadh locations were most discriminating locations and could differentiate the wilt resistant and susceptible chickpea accession, while Kanpur was least discriminating. Junagadh was most representative followed by Sehore and Kanpur while Rahuri was least representative of the average environment. On an average, the most severe wilt incidence was observed at Junagadh, followed by Sehore, Kanpur and Rahuri over the years. Interpretation: Elite chickpea accessions possessing high level of fusarium wilt resistant at each location can be utilized for region specific breeding.The accessions IPC 2008-11, H 2010-05, GNG 1581, JG 24, SCGP-WR 28, H 2010-01 and IPC 2008-69 exhibited stable resistance over locations. These possessed resistance against multiple races of Fusarium wilt prevailing in the country and can be utilized as donors for disease resistance breeding. Key words: Chickpea, Fusarium wilt, GGE biplot, Multi-location evaluation, Stable resistance

Stabilitas dan adaptabilitas daya hasil hibrida jagung manis padjadjaran berdasarkan analisis AMMI

Evaluasi interaksi G x E melalui pengujian multilokasi merupakan tahapan penting untuk menentukan stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hibrida superior. Untuk menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hibrida jagung manis Padjadjaran di Jawa Barat, enam belas hibrida Padjadjaran dan dua hibrida komersial diuji di tiga lokasi selama dua musim yang berbeda di Jawa Barat- Indonesia. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa biplot AMMI dapat dengan akurat menentukan interaksi G x E, stabilitas, dan adapatabilitas hasil hibrida jagung manis Padjadjaran di Jawa Barat. Biplot AMMI mengidentifikasi bahwa hibrida jagung manis Padjadjaran G 10 sebagai jagung manis yang stabil di berbagai lokasi pengujian dan musim di Jawa Barat, sedangkan hibrida jagung manis Padjadjaran G5 dan Padjadjaran G11 sebagai hibrida yang spesifik lingkungan. Biplot AMMI disarankan sebagai alat menentukan hibrida superior yang akan dilepas di Indonesia.Evaluation of genotype (G) x environment (E) interaction through multi-location testing is an important phase to determined stability and adaptability of superior hybrid. To determined G x E interaction, stability and adaptability of Padjadjaran sweet corn hybrids, sixteen new Padjadjaran sweetcorn hybrids and two commercial hybrids were tested in three locations for two different seasons in West Java, Indonesia. Results showed that AMMI biplot was accurately determined G x E interaction, stability and adaptability of Indonesian sweet corn in West Java for yield. The AMMI biplot determined Padjadjaran G 10 sweetcorn hybrid as a stable hybrid across locations and seasons in West Java, while Padjadjaran G5 and G11 as the specific environment hybrid. The AMMI biplot is suggested to implement as a tool to release particular superior hybrid in Indonesia. Key words : Adaptability, AMMI, G x E interaction, Sweetcorn, Stabilit

Estimation of G x E interaction by AMMI model in some elite pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] genotypes

The G x E interaction was studied in pigeonpea genotypes using AMMI model. The results indicated that main effects as well as G x E interaction effects were significant for most of the traits. Major portion of the G x E was contributed by the genotypes. AMMI model having two principle components axis was found as the best predictive model in this study. AMMI biplots, ASV and YSV indicated PA 620 to be the most stable genotype for seed yield and number of secondary branches per plant during all the three years of testing.

Genotype x environment interaction analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The results of genotype x environment interaction analysis revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes as well as environments for all the characters which indicated presence of substantial differences among the genotypes as well as environments for all the eleven characters. The environment linear (E-L) component was also significant for all the characters indicating that the six environments can be graded linearly for their differences in influencing the expression of characters of wheat genotypes. The mean squares due to genotype x environment interaction were also highly significant for all the characters except days to heading, plant height, effective tillers per plant and total number of tillers per plant to suggest important role of g x e interaction in expression of most of the characters in wheat. The linear component of g x e interaction was significant for all the characters which indicated good possibility of predicting linear responses of genotypes for all the characters under study. Thus, there would be ample possibility of discriminating the genotypes for above average, below average and average linear responses to predict their performances in changing environments under study. The significance of non-linear component (pooled deviation) of g x e interactions for all characters except ear length suggested that considerable number of genotypes may exhibit unpredictable and unstable mean performance for different characters across environments even defying their prediction on the basis of linear sensitivity coefficient.

Genotype by Environment for Grain Yield of Salt tolerance Rice Genotypes in Coastal Saline Area

<p>Multi-environment experiment could reveal the performance and adaptation of the advanced breeding lines for specific or general environment. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze the pattern of Genotype x Environment (G x E) interaction for grain yield of 67 genotypes by Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model using the data generated from observational yield trial in three different coastal rice environment in Indonesia including one site in coastal of Eretan, Indramayu (West Java) and two sites in the coastal area of Mataram, West Nusatenggara during dry season of 2009. In each location, the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 5m2 plot size and 20 cm x 20 cm of planting space. Standard management practices for irrigation field were followed for all trials. The results showed the highly significant genotypic and G x E interaction. The genotype x environment (GxE) interaction influenced the relative ranking of the genotypes across environment. Genotype 62(IR76397-2B-6-1-1-1-1), G3(IR58427-5B-15), G61(IR76393-2B-7-1-1-3-1), G19 (IR73055-8-1-1-3-1), G26 (IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-14-1-AJY5), G38(IR77674-3B-8-2-2-14-2-AJY4), G35(IR77674-3B-8-1-3-13-2-AJY2), G44(IR68144-2B-2-2-3-3), and G53(IR72593-B-18-2-2-2) produced higher yield compared to the overall mean, and showed low G x E interaction effect with low ASV (AMMI’s Stability Value) score presented the high yield genotype with high adaptability compared to the checks. G23(IR77674-B-20-1-2-1-3-6-4-AJY1,8.39 t/ha), G25 (IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-12-5-AJY2, 8.11 t/ha), G24(IR77674-3B-8-2-2-8-3-AJY4, 8.32 t/ha), G18(IR72049-B-R-22-3-1-1, 8.78 t/ha), produced high yield and indicated suitable for Eretan environment. Both the stable genotypes and the specific adaptation genotypes with the highest average yield compared to the checks will be further evaluated in prelimenary yieid trials in the several environments with the bigger size plot.</p>

Adaptability and stability of soybean cultivars in four sowing seasons

In recent decades, the expansion of soybean production in Brazil has been observed. This advance was motivated by the search of environments with better cultivation conditions, as well as the development of genotypes with wide adaptation. The diversity of "environments" hinders the process of selection and recommendation of cultivars, since the productive potential of a cultivar is given as a function of the sum of the genotype effect, the environment and the interaction between the latter two (G x E). In the case of this G x E interaction, regional studies are necessary in order to detail the differential behavior of the cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype interaction by environments, adaptability and phenotypic stability for grain yield, of fifteen soybean cultivars, in four sowing seasons, in order to identify cultivars that combine high productive potential, predictability of behavior and adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of Uberlândia-MG. The trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm Capim Branco, in Uberlândia-MG. Fifteen soybean cultivars were evaluated in four sowing seasons (October 23, 2016, November 19, 2016, December 10, 2016 and January 14, 2017), in relation to grain yield. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, with three replications, in each season. Data were submitted to individual and joint analyzes. The G x E interaction was decomposed by the method proposed by Cruz and Castoldi (1991). The differential behavior of the genotypes was detailed by the adaptability and phenotypic stability by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998), AMMI and Centroid. By the analysis of joint variance, it was observed the existence of the cultivar interaction by sowing times (C x E), for the grain yield trait, at the 5 % probability level by the F test. The C x E was predominantly complex in nature. The cultivar CD 2737 RR presented satisfactory results for the four sowing seasons in Uberlândia-MG, with high grain yield and predictability of behavior, by the evaluated methods. The cultivar NS 6909 IPRO was classified into favorable environments by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998). Considering Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroid the cultivar that is also classified for this cultivation condition is UFUS 8301. By AMMI, UFUS 7415, CD 2737 RR and UFUS Milionária are considered stable and adaptable.

Stability evaluation of oilseed rape hybrids in unreplicated trials carried out in different locations

SummaryAn analysis is made of results from early stages of testing of promising hybrids. The data consist of single-replicate trials performed by Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht in 6 locations (5 in Poland and one in Germany). In total 165 hybrids were tested with 3 standard varieties. The subject of the analysis was the seed yield. Three measures of stability were used. The yield of tested hybrids is expressed as percentage of that of standard varieties. Wricke’s ecovalence expressed as a contribution to G x E interaction was used as a measure of stability. Additional characterization of the tested hybrids was performed by regressing hybrid yield on the mean yields of the experiment, as described by Finlay and Wilkinson and by Eberhart and Russel. The methods applied enabled selection of the most promising hybrids for further yield testing.