Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) response to field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivar and seeding rate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wall ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Cultivar Selection

Field studies were conducted at Morden, Manitoba from 1992 to 1995 and Wadena, Saskatchewan in 1995 to investigate the effect of cultivar selection and seeding rate on field pea competitiveness with wild mustard. Cultivars that had both long vines and rapid canopy development (leaf area index) were more competitive with wild mustard than those with short vines and slow canopy development. Cultivars differed markedly in their ability to suppress weed growth. Wild mustard density was affected in 2 of 4 yr by cultivar selection, while weed biomass was affected in 3 of 4 yr. Field pea yield losses under weedy conditions differed among cultivars and those cultivars that more effectively reduced wild mustard density or biomass had the lowest yield losses. Yield losses from wild mustard competition did not differ among cultivars when weed pressure was high and weeds emerged 1 wk before the crop. Seeding rate of Titan, a cultivar with long vine length, affected wild mustard biomass more than Trump, a cultivar with a short vine length. Key words: Competitiveness, leaf area index, yield

Principal Canopy Factors of Sweet Corn and Relationships to Competitive Ability with Wild-Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yim F. So ◽  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Jerald K. Pataky ◽  
Adam S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Principal Factors

Univariate analyses fail to account for covariance among phenomorphological traits implicated in crop competitive ability. A more complete analysis of cultivar–weed interactions would reduce a number of important traits to a few underlying principal factors responsible for sweet corn competitiveness. Twenty-three commercial sweet corn hybrids from nine seed companies were grown in the presence and absence of wild-proso millet to (1) quantify the extent to which phenomorphological traits vary in sweet corn, (2) identify underlying principal factors that describe variation in crop canopy development, and (3) determine functional relationships between crop canopy factors and competitive ability. A principal component factor analysis revealed that 7 of the 18 weed-free crop traits measured at silking loaded highly (0.65 to 0.90) into the first factor, including plant height, shoot biomass, per plant leaf area, leaf area index, and intercepted light, as well as thermal time from emergence to silking and emergence to maturity. All seven traits were highly correlated (0.38 to 0.93) and were interpreted as a “late canopy and maturity” factor. Another five traits formed two additional principal factors that were interpreted as an early “seedling quality” factor (e.g., kernel mass, seedling vigor, and height at two-leaf stage) and a mid-season “canopy closure” factor (e.g., leaf area index and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation at six-leaf stage). Relationships between principal factors and competitive abilities were quantified using least-squares linear regression. Cultivars with greater loadings in the late canopy and maturity and canopy closure factors were more competitive with wild-proso millet. In contrast, crop competitive ability declined with cultivars that loaded highly into the seedling quality factor. The analyses showed that sweet corn's ability to endure weed interference and suppress weed fitness relates uniquely to three underlying principal factors that capture crop canopy development around emergence and near canopy closure and during the reproductive phase.

Effect of cultivar selection on metribuzin efficacy in field pea (Pisum sativum)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Cultivar Selection

Field studies were conducted at Morden, Manitoba from 1993 to 1995 to investigate the effect of cultivar selection on the effectiveness of metribuzin {4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one} for wild mustard control in field pea. In check plots, Titan, a cultivar with long vines, suppressed wild mustard growth more than Trump, a cultivar with short vines Wild mustard control with metribuzin was more consistent in Titan than in Trump. Metribuzin at 140 g ha−1 (half the full label rate) reduced wild mustard dry weight by 75 to 99% in plots seeded to Titan and by 38 to 88% in plots seeded to Trump. Results suggest that less herbicide is required for weed management in more competitive field pea cultivars. Key words: Cultivars, competitiveness, metribuzin, wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, yield

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Sowing on Growth and Yield Performance of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan ◽  
Biswajit Karmakar ◽  
Md. Sahed Hasan ◽  
Fahamida Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Growth Characters

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2014 to March 2015 to study the growth and yield performance of field pea varieties as influenced by date of sowing. The experiment comprised of two factors namely, date of sowing and variety. Date of sowing comprised of 29 October, 13 November and 28 November and the variety comprised of BARI motor-1, BADC motor-1, Natore local and Narail local. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The results indicate that all the growth characters were varied significantly at different days after. Those growth characters except leaf area index were highest for the crop sown on 28 November. The growth characters were highest in variety Natore local and lowest in Narail local except dry matter it was lowest in BADC motor-1. The interaction effect of 28 November sowing, Natore local was highest for all of the growth parameters except leaf area index it was highest on 13 November sowing and the interaction on 29 October sowing BARI motor-1 gave the lowest value. Most of the yield contributing parameters significantly affected by sowing date. The highest seed yield (827.7 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters were found on early sowing (13 November) and the lowest seed yield (534 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters was at 28 November sowing. Variety had significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters. The highest seed yield (1032.2 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (3221.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from Natore local while Narail local gave lowest (469.1 kg ha-1) seed yield and lowest Stover yield. The interaction of 13 November with Natore local gave the highest seed yield (1319.3 kg ha-1) and lowest seed yield was produced by Narail local (330.35 kg ha-1) by late sowing (28 November). It can be concluded that, vegetative growth were highest at 28 November sowing and yield components gave highest value on 13 November sowing. Highest yield was produced by Natore local at 13 November sowing but yield was reduced drastically when the crop sown on 28 November. So, it is clear that the optimum date of sowing for field pea is at 13 November.

Wild mustard interference in traditional and semi-leafless field peas

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wall ◽  
G. H. Friesen ◽  
T. K. Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988 and 1989 to determine the competitive effect of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) on two field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars; Century, a traditional cultivar, and Tipu, a semi-leafless cultivar, each planted at recommended (172 kg ha−1) and half the recommended seeding rate (86 kg ha−1). For both cultivars, 20 wild mustard plants m−2 reduced seed yields from 2 to 35% at the recommended seeding rate and from 4 to 35% at the low seeding rate. Tipu was more competitive with wild mustard when planted at the recommended seeding rate than when planted at half the recommended rates. Seeding rate had only a moderate effect on wild mustard competition in Century in years with normal precipitation. For both cultivars the effect of wild mustard interference on yield was influenced by the amount of precipitation received, with the greatest yield losses occurring in seasons with normal to high rainfall. Key words: Field peas, competition, weed density, seeding rate, cultivars, yield, rectangular hyperbola

Leaf Area and Competition for Light between Plant Species using Direct Sunlight Transmission

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham K. Walker ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Competition For Light

A technique based on the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and the transmittance of direct sunlight was developed for thein situstudy of competition for light between plant species. Field studies were conducted in 1984 and 1985 using monocultures and mixtures of rapeseed (Brassica napusL.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL. # SINAR), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL). LAI estimated nondestructively by this method agreed closely with LAI determined by conventional destructive techniques. Light measurements at several heights in the canopy were used to determine the vertical distribution of canopy leaf area. Combining this information with species heights allowed the separation of the canopy LAI into individual species LAI, from which light competition could be estimated by calculating the sunlit LAI of each species. The technique permits many detailed measurements in the same canopy throughout the growing season. The light sensor required is not costly and is simple to operate and to maintain.

Lentil (Lens culinaris) and fababean (Vicia faba) tolerance to post-emergence applications of imazethapyr

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Crop Tolerance

Dose response studies were conducted under field conditions from 1993 to 1995 to investigate the tolerance of lentil and fababean to post-emergence applications of imazethapyr (2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid). Imazethapyr was foliar applied at dosages of 5 to 100 g a.i. ha−1. Lentils were injured by imazethapyr in all 3 yr. The minimum imazethapyr dosages that reduced lentil yields were 20, 10, and 50 g a i ha−1 in 1993 1994 and 1995, respectively; at these dosages yield losses were 31, 21 and 29% in the 3 yr, respectively. This study shows that imazethapyr should not be applied to lentil crops since yields are severely reduced at or below current dosages recommended (50 g a.i. ha−1) for use in western Canada. Fababean tolerance to imazethapyr was examined in 2 yr only. In both years, crop tolerance was excellent and fababean yield was unaffected by imazethapyr at dosages up to 100 g a.i. ha−1. Key words: Crop injury, leaf area index, yield

scholarly journals Canopy Variation Among Three Sweet Corn Hybrids and Implications for Light Competition

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Adam S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability

Research in dent corn has found significant variation in crop/weed competition for light among hybrids. However, little has been published on the extent of variation in sweet corn competitive ability. Field studies were conducted under weed-free conditions to quantify canopy development and light environment among three sweet corn hybrids and to determine associations among canopy characteristics to crop yield. An early-season hybrid (Spirit) and two midseason hybrids (WHT2801 and GH2547) were grown at experimental sites located near Urbana, Ill., and Prosser, Wash., in 2004 and 2005. Maximum leaf area index (LAI) and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was typically highest for GH2547 and lowest for Spirit. Most differences in vertical LAI among hybrids was observed above 60 and 150 cm in Illinois and Washington, respectively, with WHT2801 and GH2547 having leaf area distributed higher in the canopy than Spirit. Both number and mass of marketable ears were positively correlated with maximum relative growth rate (correlation coefficients 0.60–0.81), leaf area duration (0.68–0.79), total LAI (0.56–0.74) at R1, and intercepted PAR (0.74–0.83) at R1. Differences in canopy properties and interception of solar radiation among Spirit, WHT2801, and GH2547 lead us to hypothesize that variation in weed-suppressive ability exists among hybrids. Future testing of this hypothesis will provide knowledge of interactions specific to sweet corn useful for developing improved weed management systems.

Relationship between light interception, ground cover and leaf area index in potatoes

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Firman ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Area Index

SUMMARYIn field studies of two varieties in Cambridge, UK, in 1985 and 1986, the percentage of total incident radiation intercepted by potato canopies with complete ground cover was as low as 80% for some plots but approached 100% in dense canopies. Although percentage ground cover is useful for assessing canopy growth, it is not wholly suitable for estimating light interception and may lead to serious errors in calculation of efficiency of conversion into dry matter.

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