Wild mustard interference in traditional and semi-leafless field peas

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988 and 1989 to determine the competitive effect of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) on two field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars; Century, a traditional cultivar, and Tipu, a semi-leafless cultivar, each planted at recommended (172 kg ha−1) and half the recommended seeding rate (86 kg ha−1). For both cultivars, 20 wild mustard plants m−2 reduced seed yields from 2 to 35% at the recommended seeding rate and from 4 to 35% at the low seeding rate. Tipu was more competitive with wild mustard when planted at the recommended seeding rate than when planted at half the recommended rates. Seeding rate had only a moderate effect on wild mustard competition in Century in years with normal precipitation. For both cultivars the effect of wild mustard interference on yield was influenced by the amount of precipitation received, with the greatest yield losses occurring in seasons with normal to high rainfall. Key words: Field peas, competition, weed density, seeding rate, cultivars, yield, rectangular hyperbola

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Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) response to field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivar and seeding rate

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-152 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 907-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. A. Wall ◽

L. Townley-Smith

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Field Studies ◽

Field Pea ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Area Index ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Cultivar Selection

Field studies were conducted at Morden, Manitoba from 1992 to 1995 and Wadena, Saskatchewan in 1995 to investigate the effect of cultivar selection and seeding rate on field pea competitiveness with wild mustard. Cultivars that had both long vines and rapid canopy development (leaf area index) were more competitive with wild mustard than those with short vines and slow canopy development. Cultivars differed markedly in their ability to suppress weed growth. Wild mustard density was affected in 2 of 4 yr by cultivar selection, while weed biomass was affected in 3 of 4 yr. Field pea yield losses under weedy conditions differed among cultivars and those cultivars that more effectively reduced wild mustard density or biomass had the lowest yield losses. Yield losses from wild mustard competition did not differ among cultivars when weed pressure was high and weeds emerged 1 wk before the crop. Seeding rate of Titan, a cultivar with long vine length, affected wild mustard biomass more than Trump, a cultivar with a short vine length. Key words: Competitiveness, leaf area index, yield

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Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) competition with navy beans

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-170 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 1309-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. A. Wall

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Field Studies ◽

Test Weight ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Navy Bean ◽

Rectangular Hyperbola ◽

Weed Density ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Navy Beans

Field studies were conducted in 1989 and 1991 to investigate the competitiveness of wild mustard with navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Wild mustard growing in the crop row was highly competitive with beans sown in rows spaced 53 cm apart. Navy bean yields decreased with increasing wild mustard density. The greatest incremental yield losses occurred at weed densities of less than 20 plants m−2. Estimated yield losses at 20 wild mustard plants m, were 57 and 46% in 1989 and 1991, respectively. Wild mustard competition reduced seed test weight (g 0.5 L−1) less than 4% over the range of weed densities investigated. Key words: Navy bean ’Seafarer’, rectangular hyperbola, seed test weight, weed density, yield loss

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Importance of seed-borne inoculum in the etiology of the Ascochyta blight complex of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Victoria

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9950525 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

TW Bretag ◽

TV Price ◽

PJ Keane

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Ascochyta Blight ◽

Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽

Seed Infection ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Field Peas ◽

Ascochyta Pisi ◽

Growing Region ◽

Seed Infestation

Fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex of field peas were isolated from 436 of 691 seedlots tested. Of the fungi detected, 94.8% of isolates were Mycosphaerella pinodes, 4.2% Phoma medicaginis, and 1.0% Ascochyta pisi. The levels of infestation of seed varied considerably from year to year and between seedlots, depending on the amount of rainfall between flowering and maturity. Within a particular pea-growing region, the level of seed-borne infection was often highest in seed from crops harvested latest. In addition, crops sown early were usually more severely affected by disease than late-sown crops, and this resulted in higher levels of seed infection. There was no correlation between the level of seed infestation by M. pinodes and the severity of ascochyta blight; however, where the level of seed infection was high (>11%) there was a significant reduction in emergence, which caused a reduction in grain yield. It may therefore be possible to use seed with high levels of seed-borne ascochyta blight fungi, provided the seeding rate is increased to compensate for poor emergence.

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QUALITY, YIELD, AND SEED WEIGHT OF GREEN FIELD PEAS UNDER CONDITIONS OF APPLIED SHADE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps81-032 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. H. GUBBELS

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Protein Content ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Field Studies ◽

Field Pea ◽

Green Color ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Field Peas ◽

Very High

Field studies were conducted in 1973 and 1974 to evaluate the effects of light intensity on the quality and yield of the green field pea (Pisum sativum L.) ’Triumph’. The treatments included a control with no shading (80 klx) and shading with one (31 klx) or two (9 klx) layers of screen material for a 3-wk period before maturity. Shading resulted in a significant decrease in seed weight and yield and a significant increase in protein content of the seed. The effect of shading on viscosity of the cooked samples was quadratic, implying that viscosity only decreased at very high levels of shading. Shading also tended to reduce loss of green color in the seed cotyledons.

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MANAGEMENT FOR YIELD AND PROTEIN OF FIELD PEAS IN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps74-039 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. W. SOSULSKI ◽

L. A. McLEAN ◽

H. M. AUSTENSON

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Average Yield ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

World Collection ◽

Field Peas ◽

Wide Range ◽

Narrow Row ◽

Seed Yields

In experimental plots, the yields of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars averaged 25 q/ha and the protein contents varied between 25 and 31% over a wide range of management conditions. These values greatly exceeded the Saskatchewan provincial average yield of 13.5 q/ha and a protein range of 16–27% among farm samples in 1970. In the plot experiments, the commercial cultivars showed little variation in protein content but one strain from the world collection was high in protein content and seed yield. Seed inoculation, early planting, intermediate seeding rates and narrow row spacings favored high seed yields and did not adversely affect the protein content of field peas. Phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers increased protein content, and irrigation did not decrease the protein level when these fertilizers were applied.

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Effect of Seeding Rate on Dose Response of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to Fluthiacet-Methyl

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2017.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 525-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Collen Redlick ◽

Hema S. N. Duddu ◽

Lena D. Syrovy ◽

Christian J. Willenborg ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Dose Response ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Seed Yields

Concern over the development of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to interest in integrated weed management systems that reduce selection pressure by utilizing mechanical and cultural weed control practices in addition to herbicides. Increasing crop seeding rate increases crop competitive ability and thus can enhance herbicide efficacy. However, it is unknown how increasing the seeding rate affects an herbicide’s efficacy. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between increasing seeding rate and herbicide dose to control weeds. To meet this objective, the herbicide fluthiacet-methyl was applied to field-grown lentil, with Indian mustard, a proxy for wild mustard, used as a model weed. The experiment was a factorial design with four lentil seeding rates and seven herbicide rates. Overall the herbicide dose response was altered by changing lentil seeding rate. Increasing lentil seeding rate decreased the weed biomass production when herbicides were not applied. In two of the four site-years, increasing lentil seeding rate lowered the herbicide ED50, the dose required to result in a 50% reduction in weed biomass. Increasing the crop seeding rate altered the dose response to provide greater weed control at lower herbicide rates compared with normal crop seeding rates. Increased seeding rates also resulted in higher and more stable crop seed yields across a wider range of herbicide dosages. These results suggest that dose–response models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of other weed management practices that can interact with herbicide performance.

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Annual Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis) Tolerance and Weed Control Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450006077x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 673-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Neal W. Holt ◽

Jim H. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Studies ◽

Propanoic Acid ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Crop Stand ◽

Phalaris Canariensis

Field studies were conducted in Saskatchewan to evaluate the effect of herbicides on annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensisL.) and associated weeds. Bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) at 0.35 kg ai/ha, tank mixes of bromoxynil at 0.28 kg/ha plus the ester of MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.28 kg ae/ha, linuron [N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea] at 0.28 kg ai/ha plus MCPA amine at 0.56 kg/ha, or propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyI)propanamide] at 1.0 kg ai/ha plus MCPA ester at 0.28 kg/ha resulted in annual canarygrass seed and dry matter yields equal to the unsprayed check and excellent wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL. # SINAR) and cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidataMedik. # VAAPY) control. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] at 0.21 kg ai/ha plus MCPA amine at 0.56 kg/ha reduced the crop stand in 1 out of 5 yr and seed yield every year. Postemergence application of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-dipheny1-1H-pyrazolium) at 0.84 kg ai/ha or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] at 0.53 kg ai/ha, or preplant-incorporated triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl)bis(1-methylethyl)carbamothioate] at 1.40 kg ai/ha optimized wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) control with seed yields. Diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoic acid} at 0.70 kg ai/ha severely damaged annual canarygrass in all years. Triallate applied at 1.40 kg/ha preplant or preemergence incorporated marginally reduced the crop stand and seed yield compared to the untreated controls in tolerance tests.

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Flurtamone for Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) Control in Canola (Brassica napusandB. campestris)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00036411 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 878-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A. Wall

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Sinapis Arvensis ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Seed Yields

The tolerance of canola to soil applied flurtamone was investigated in greenhouse and field studies. In the greenhouse, the dosage of flurtamone required to reduce canola fresh weight by 50% was 7.1- to 8.4- and 4.4- to 6.1-fold higher forB. napusandB. campestriscultivars, respectively, than that required to reduced wild mustard fresh weight by 50%.B. campestriscultivars tended to be more sensitive to flurtamone thanB. napuscultivars. In the field, flurtamone applied at 0.4 to 0.5 kg ai ha-1controlled 80% of wild mustard in canola (B. napuscv. ‘Westar’). In 1991 canola plant densities were reduced by increasing rate of flurtamone, but seed yields were unaffected by rate of application in either year.

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Interference of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Sweetpotato

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-09-00048.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 199-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Stephen L. Meyers ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

David W. Monks

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Field Studies ◽

Light Interception ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Amaranthus Palmeri ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Positive Linear Relationship ◽

Rectangular Hyperbola ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Biomass Plant

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Clinton and Faison, NC, to evaluate the influence of Palmer amaranth density on ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Covington’ sweetpotato yield and quality and to quantify the influence of Palmer amaranth on light interception. Palmer amaranth was established at 0, 0.5, 1.1, 1.6, 3.3, and 6.5 plants m−1within the sweetpotato row and densities were maintained season-long. Jumbo, number (no.) 1, and marketable sweetpotato yield losses were fit to a rectangular hyperbola model, and predicted yield loss ranged from 56 to 94%, 30 to 85%, and 36 to 81%, respectively for Palmer amaranth densities of 0.5 to 6.5 plants m−1. Percentage of jumbo, no. 1, and marketable sweetpotato yield loss displayed a positive linear relationship with Palmer amaranth light interception as early as 6 to 7 wk after planting (R2= 0.99, 0.86, and 0.93, respectively). Predicted Palmer amaranth light interception 6 to 7, 10, and 13 to 14 wk after planting ranged from 47 to 68%, 46 to 82%, and 42 to 71%, respectively for Palmer amaranth densities of 0.5 to 6.5 plants m−1. Palmer amaranth height increased from 177 to 197 cm at densities of 0.5 to 4.1 plants m−1and decreased from 197 to 188 cm at densities of 4.1 to 6.5 plants m−1; plant width (69 to 145 cm) and shoot dry biomass plant−1(0.2 to 1.1 kg) decreased linearly as density increased.

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