Mercury transfer from watersheds to aquatic environments following the erosion of agrarian soils: A molecular biomarker approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Caron ◽  
M. Lucotte ◽  
R. Teisserenc
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Molecular Biomarker ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Lignin Biomarkers ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Key Words Mercury ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
St Lawrence River

Lake St. Pierre, an important freshwater location for sports and commercial fisheries in Canada, is composed of a 120 km2 stretch of the St. Lawrence River, located at the center of the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Receiving its waters from the St. François, Yamaska, Ottawa, and St. Lawrence Rivers, it is subjected to important inputs of mercury (Hg) and suspended particles eroded from its watershed. This study aims at tracing back the origin of terrigenous Hg loadings to Lake St. Pierre. The specific phenol signatures yielded by a mild oxidation of the terrestrial organic matter (TOM) carried in the water column was used as a tracer to identify the different sources of terrigenous Hg to the lake. Our results demonstrate that most of the Hg bound to suspended particulate matter (SPM-bound Hg) found in Lake St. Pierre is associated with TOM. We were also able to distinguish the relative influence that forested soils, mainly drained by the Ottawa River, and agrarian soils, located on nearby watersheds, exert on the lake's Hg burden. Our data strongly suggest that the erosion of vast areas of agrarian soils, drained by the Yamaska and St. François rivers to Lake St. Pierre, greatly facilitates the transfer of Hg from the watersheds to the lake. This study stresses the need to improve the management of agrarian soils and protect them from extensive erosion in order to preserve the integrity of the fish resources harvested in Lake St. Pierre. Key words: Mercury, soil erosion, Lake St. Pierre, lignin biomarkers

scholarly journals Distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. from different aquatic environments in north Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02.1) ◽  
pp. 6S
Author(s):  
Rayane Rafei ◽  
Imad Al Kassaa ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Fouad Dabboussi ◽  
Monzer Hamze
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Introduction: Bacteria of Aeromonas genus are ubiquitous organisms in aquatic environments. This work aims to explore the presence of four clinically relevant species in Lebanese waters and to study their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: One hundred water samples are collected in northern Lebanon from different sources (river, springs, wells, ponds, sea, chlorinated water and sewage) and analyzed by culture methods. The isolates were identified at genus level by a PCR assay targeting gcat gene. The presence of four species (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. media and A. veronii) was investigated by a multiplex PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was also studied. Results: Aeromonas spp. was detected in 28% of investigated samples. In total, 38 isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp (10 out of 7 river water samples, 9 out of 35 spring, 9 among 26 wells, 5 out of 4 sewage samples, 2 out of 5 ponds, 2 out of 8 seawater samples and 1 out of 15 chlorinated water samples). Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species (19 isolates; 50%). The 3 other species were found to a lesser extent: A. caviae (3 isolates; 7.9%), A. veronii (2 isolates; 5.3%) and A. media (2 isolates; 5.3%). 12 other isolates (31.5%) remained unidentified by the used multiplex PCR technique. All isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The most common resistance concerned beta-lactams. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the interesting distribution of these species in aquatic biotopes in Lebanon and the threat of potential transmission of these resistant strains to humans.

Managing the Impacts of Human Activities on Fish Habitat: The Governance, Practices, and Science

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
St Lawrence River

<em>Abstract.</em>—American Eel mortality has increased substantially over the past century due largely to significant cumulative effects of fishing and fish passage through hydro-electric turbines across their range. Nowhere has this been more pronounced than in waters of the St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario, Ottawa River and associated watersheds. We illustrate this by examining the cumulative effects of hydro-electric facilities on eels migrating downstream through the Mississippi River and Ottawa River, and outline further impacts eels encounter en route to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. The probability of a mature female eel surviving its emigration through the Mississippi and Ottawa River to the upper St. Lawrence River is estimated to be as low as 2.8% due to turbine mortalities alone (2.8–40%). Mortality risk increases as the eel attempts to run the gauntlet of fisheries in the lower St. Lawrence River and the probability of out-migration survival is estimated to be as low as 1.4%. Some mortalities could be mitigated through improved application of existing laws, development of policy requiring consideration of cumulative effects and improved integration among program areas responsible for sustainable management of fisheries, biodiversity, dams and hydro-electric facilities. We recommend changes to policy, procedures and internal organizational structures provided with clear directions, and call for increased accommodation of Aboriginal perspectives.

Oxidation products of α- and β-amyrins: potential tracers of abiotic degradation of vascular-plant organic matter in aquatic environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-A. Galeron ◽  
F. Vaultier ◽  
J.-F. Rontani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Rhone River

Environmental contextHow can we know what happens to organic matter in aquatic environments? Although several compounds exist that can be used to trace the origin and state of organic matter, not many are sufficiently stable and specific to trace degradation processes, but α- and β-amyrins can fulfil that role. Such knowledge will help us better understand and better quantify carbon fluxes in riverine and marine environments. AbstractIn order to fulfil the current need for stable and specific tracers to monitor vascular-plant organic matter degradation in aquatic environments, α-amyrin (urs-12-en-3β-ol) and β-amyrin (olean-12-en-3β-ol) were oxidised in vitro and their abiotic degradation products quantified in environmental samples from the Rhône River in France. Although they appear inert to photooxidation, they are clearly affected by autoxidation and the tracer potential of the resulting products was confirmed. Autoxidation of α- and β-amyrins produces urs or olean-12-en-3-one, 3β-hydroxy-urs or olean-12-en-11-one, urs or olean-12-en-3β,11α-diol and urs or olean-12-en-3,11-dione. 3β-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-11-one and 3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-11-one, the main oxidation products detected, were selected as autoxidation tracers. These compounds, specific to autoxidation, were detected in dry leaves of Smilax aspera and in suspended particulate matter samples collected in the Rhône River and evidenced the importance of autoxidation in the degradation of organic matter of terrestrial origin.

A simple method to quantify sources of settling particles in lakes: Resuspension versus new sedimentation of material from planktonic production

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Weyhenmeyer ◽  
M Meili ◽  
DC Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Lake Surface Area ◽  
Annual Means ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Different Sources

A strong relationship (r > 0.99) between settling particulate inorganic matter (SPIM) and total settling particulate matter (SPM) was observed in 315 samples from sedimentation traps in two Swedish lakes, Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren. This relationship can be used to distinguish between different sources of SPM in pelagic systems when the inflow of allochthonous particulate matter is negligible. It is possible to quantify the proportion of material from planktonic production as well as from sediment resuspension in the flux of settling or suspended particulate matter. Furthermore, fluxes of resuspended organic particles can be quantified and distinguished from fluxes of planktonic organic particles. Although Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren are quite different with respect to trophic level, lake surface area and water depth, the estimated proportion of resuspended particles in sedimentation traps was similar in both lakes. Resuspended particulate matter ranged from 35% of the total settling particulate matter up to 99%, with annual means of 83-94%. Moreover, for both lakes it was estimated that, even in epilimnetic traps, only 2046% (annual means) of the total organic settling particulate matter was from planktonic production, whereas 54-80% (annual means) was from sediment resuspension. This is likely to have important consequences for fluxes of nutrients and contaminants.

Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Chauret ◽  
Kerry Nolan ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Susan Springthorpe ◽  
Syed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
St Lawrence River

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were aged in waters from both the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River. In situ survival experiments were carried out by incubating the oocysts in either dialysis cassettes or microtubes floated into an overflow tank. A significant portion of the oocysts survived in the test waters for several weeks. Oocyst survival in the St. Lawrence River was better in membrane-filtered (0.2-µm-pore diameter) water than in unfiltered water, suggesting that biological antagonism may play a role in the environmental fate of the parasite. Oocysts aged in river waters under in situ conditions and control oocysts kept refrigerated in synthetic water (100 ppm as CaCO3; pH 7.0) were subjected to the same disinfection protocol. Aged oocysts were at least as resistant as, if not more resistant than, the control oocysts to disinfection. This indicates that the oocysts surviving in the water environment may be just as difficult to inactivate by potable water disinfection as freshly shed oocysts. Therefore, water treatment should not be based on the assumption that environmental oocysts may be more easily inactivated than freshly shed oocysts. First-order kinetics die-off rates varied from one river to another (from 0.013 to 0.039 log10·day-1) and from one experiment to another with water from the same river collected at different times. Calculation of the die-off rates based on either in vitro excystation or in vitro excystation in combination with total counts (overall die-off rates) showed that the assessment of oocyst viability by microscopic methods must account for the total oocyst loss observed during long-term inactivation assays of river waters.Key words: Cryptosporidium, survival, disinfection, biological antagonism.

Discharge of metals from the St. Lawrence River

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Yeats ◽  
J. M. Bewers
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Particulate Metal ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
St Lawrence River

The concentrations of dissolved and total Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in St. Lawrence River water have been measured on a monthly basis over a 2 year period. Riverine suspended particulate matter was also analyzed for nondetrital Mg, Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd and detrital Mg, Ca, Si, Al, Fe, and Mn. Variability in the concentration of dissolved metals is unrelated to changes in water flow or suspended load. Particulate Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations are related to water flow. The metal/aluminum ratios of particulate Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cd are elevated with respect to crustal rocks or coastal marine sediments, with the enrichment occurring in the nondetrital, or weak acid soluble, fraction.Annual dissolved metal discharges and nondetrital and total particulate metal discharges that take into account monthly variations in metal concentrations have been calculated for the St. Lawrence River. These discharges have been used to estimate global annual river discharges of metals to the ocean. The calculated discharges are compared with estimates based upon other rivers. The importance of nondetrital particulate metal fluxes is emphasized.

scholarly journals STRUKTURKOMUNITAS PLANKTONDANKONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRANDITELUKJAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Adriani Sri Nastiti ◽  
Sri Turni Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Fish Resources

<p>Fitoplankton dan zooplankton merupakan pakan alami bagi biota laut termasuk ikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan zooplankton serta kondisi lingkungan perairan di Teluk Jakarta.<strong> </strong>Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober 2009, pengamatan di 5 stasiun TJ1, TJ2, TJ3, TJ4 dan TJ5. Parameter yang di ukur adalah: kelimpahan fitoplankton dan zooplankton, suhu air, kecerahan, oksigen terlarut, pH, salinitas,. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitoplankton yang ditemukan 5 kelas meliputi: Cyanophyceae (6 spesies), Chlorophyceae (4 spesies), Bacillariophyceae (37 spesies), Dinophyceae (14 spesies) dan Euglenophyceae (1 species). Zooplankton yang ditemukan 10 kelas meliputi : Crustacea (16 spesies), Holothuroidea (3 spesies), Ciliata (5 spesies), Sagittoidea (2 spesies), Sarcodina (3 spesies), Rotatoria (4 spesies), Echinodermata (1 spesies), Polychaeta (1 spesies), Urochordata (1 spesies) dan Hydrozoa (1 spesies). Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 1.587.086 - 3.799.799 sel/l. Kelimpahan zooplankton berkisar antara 922.010 - 3.834.261ind/l. Indeks keanekaragaman (=H)  fitoplankton berkisar antara 1,74 – 3,64;indeks dominansi (=D) berkisar antara 0,04-0,40 dan indeks keseragaman (=E) berkisar antara 0,08-0,34. Indeks  biologi zooplankton menunjukkan nilai (=H) berkisar antara 0,22-3,70; nilai  (=D) berkisar antara 0,18-0,79; dan nilai (=E) berkisar antara 0,01-0,37.  Suhu air berkisar  antara 29,5-31,6<sup>o</sup>C, pH berkisar antara 4,96-7,38 dan salinitas berkisar antara 12,0-31,5 <sup>o</sup>/<sub>oo. </sub>Teluk Jakarta diindikasikan mengalami tekanan lingkungan sehingga hanya beberapa spesies plankton mampu beradaptasi, yaitu dari kelas Bacillariophyceae (<em>Chaetoceros </em>sp) dan Crustaceae<em> (Calanus</em> sp dan <em>Acartia </em>sp<em>)</em>.</p><p> <em>Phytoplankton and zooplankton is a natural food for other marine life including fish. Growth and development are supported by condition of aquatic environment. The research objective was to determine the community structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton and aquatic environments as a factor in supporting the management of fish resources in the  Jakarta Bay. The research was conducted in April, June, August and October 2009 at five stations were : TJ1, TJ2, TJ3, TJ4 and J5 . The parameters measured were: phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, water temperature, brightness, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity,. The results show that there were 5 classes of phytoplankton found in Jakarta Bay consisting  of: Cyanophyceae (6 species), Chlorophyceae (4 species), Bacillariophyceae (37 species), Dinophyceae (14 species)and Euglenophyceae (1 species). Zooplankton were found  10 classes consisting of</em> <em>Crustacea (16 species), Holothuroidea (3 species), Ciliata (5 species), Sagittoidea (2 species), Sarcodina (3 species), Rotatoria (4 species), Echinodermata (1 species), Polychaeta (1 species), Urochordata (1 species) dan Hydrozoa (1 species). Phytoplankton abundance was between 1.922.010 - 3.834.261 cell/ l</em>. <em>Zooplankton abundance was between 2.764 - 2.849.066</em> <em>ind/l.  Analysis on biological index of phytoplankton showed that the diversity indeces ranged between</em><em> 1,74 – 3,64;  dominance indeces (=D) ranged  between 0,04-0,40 and  similarity indeces (=E) ranged between 0,08- 0,34.  Biological index of zooplankton showed that the diversity indeces (= H) ranged between 0,22-3,70;  dominance indeces (=D) ranged  between 0,18-0,79, and similarity indeces (= E) ranged between 0,01-0,37</em>.<em> Water temperature ranged between 29.5 - 31.6<sup>o </sup>C, pH  ranged between  4.96 - 7.38 and salinity ranged between 12.0 - 31.5 <sup>o</sup> / <sub>oo</sub> . Jakarta Bay is experienced environmental pressures so that only several species plankton are capable of adapting, that is from class Bacillariophyceae (Chaetoceros </em>sp.<em>) and  class Crustaceae (Calanus</em> sp. <em>and</em> <em>Acartia </em>sp<em>)</em><em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals Reducing uncertainty in the assessment and management of fish resources following an environmental impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1726-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Rotherham ◽  
William G. Macbeth ◽  
Steven J. Kennelly ◽  
Charles A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Fish Kill ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Rotherham, D., Macbeth, W. G., Kennelly, S. J., and Gray, C. A. 2011. Reducing uncertainty in the assessment and management of fish resources following an environmental impact. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1726–1733. The limitations of using information from commercial fisheries for assessing and managing resources and ecosystems are well known. Although fishery-independent data may overcome many such limitations, few studies have examined how incorporating data from different sources affects assessments and subsequent management decisions. Here, the value of integrating data from two types of sampling survey to assess the recovery of faunal populations following a severe fish-kill event in the Richmond River (New South Wales, Australia) in 2008 is evaluated. There is occasional large-scale mortality of fish and invertebrates in certain estuaries of eastern Australia following major flood events. In extreme cases, the management response involves closing an entire estuary to all fishing, to facilitate the recolonization and recovery of fish and other fauna. Decisions to resume normal fishing activities have environmental, economic, and social implications. Using lessons learned from a similar fish-kill event in 2001, it is shown how, in 2008, fishery-independent sampling, combined with improved sampling by commercial fishers, reduced uncertainty in decision-making and led to greatly improved socio-economic outcomes for stakeholders. The work highlights the need to examine the value of different sources of information to improve management decisions.

La périodicité de la croissance chez la femelle de l'esturgeon jaune (Acipenser fulvescens) du fleuve Saint-Laurent est-elle reliée à la périodicité de la reproduction?

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Guénette ◽  
Daniel Goyette ◽  
Réjean Fortin ◽  
Jean Leclerc ◽  
Nelson Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The State ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
First Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Narrow Annuli ◽  
St Lawrence River

Measurements of annual increments on cross-sections of the first ray of the pectoral fin of 125 St. Lawrence River female lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) aged 24 yr and older were used to test the correspondance between growth patterns at the margin of the sections and the state of maturity of the fish. For each of the 21 females aged 34 yr and older, and for the upper Ottawa River specimens presented by Roussow (1957. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 14: 553–572), annual increments were treated as a temporal series and analysed with the contingency periodogram. The mean age at first spawning was determined using the age at the end of the first belt of crowded annuli, following Roussow. Only 3 of the 21 females aged 34 yr and older showed a typical succession of belts of large and narrow annuli. The most frequent periods were 5–11 yr, using the periodogram, as compared with 6–9 yr for Roussow' specimens. No significant correspondance was found between the pattern of the last five annual increments and the state of maturity. The mean age at first spawning, estimated at 19 yr by this technique, is lower than the mean age of sexual maturity determined for St. Lawrence River females based on the examination of the gonads (26 yr).

Lake Ontario: the predominant source of triazine herbicides in the St. Lawrence River

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T -T Pham ◽  
B Rondeau ◽  
H Sabik ◽  
S Proulx ◽  
D Cossa
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Triazine Herbicide ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dissolved Phase ◽  
St Lawrence River

To estimate triazine herbicide concentrations and sources in the St. Lawrence River, water samples were collected at its two major inlets (from the Great Lakes, Cornwall station, and from the Ottawa River, Carillon station) and at the outlet (Quebec City station) of the fluvial section. Sampling was carried out over an 18-month period between 1995 and 1996. Triazines were detected only in the dissolved phase at concentrations ranging from 2 to 91, from <0.4 to 15, and from <0.4 to 13 ng·L-1 for atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine, respectively. Dilution models show that, despite the presence of sporadically high concentrations of herbicides in St. Lawrence tributaries during periods of their application, loading from the tributaries is minor. Mass balance calculations show that Lake Ontario is clearly the main source of triazines (~90%) to the St. Lawrence River. During the 1995-1996 hydrological year, Lake Ontario contributed 15.1 × 103 of the 16.6 × 103 kg of atrazine outflowing the St. Lawrence River to the estuary. The difference (1.5 × 103 kg·year-1) can be attributed to tributaries in Quebec, which represent 0.75% of the amount of atrazine spread on farmlands. There is no evidence of the degradation of triazine compounds during their transit time in the river.

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