PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN A SOIL SAMPLED AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS AND THE EFFECT OF LIME AND FERTILIZER ON OATS AND CLOVER IN A GREENHOUSE TEST

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
H. A. Hamilton ◽  
J. R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus

Soil samples were collected at four different depths from a virgin soil, and in a region where deep ploughing has been a common practice. Chemical analyses revealed that the sub-surface samples were more highly saturated with bases than were the surface samples. In the 0–6 inch layer the percentage contribution of calcium, aluminium and iron phosphate to total soil phosphorus was 41.1, 10.4 and 2.8 respectively; while, in the 18–24 inch layer the percentages were 88.4, 2.8 and 0.5 respectively. Organic phosphorus decreased with depth.In the greenhouse there were highly significant differences between oat yields on the various layers, the surface soil giving the highest yields. Clover crop yields tended to be better as depth of profile increased. Phosphorus increased oat yields and clover yields on all soil layers. As a result of over-liming in certain instances clover yields were depressed in the absence of applied phosphate fertilizer, whereas oat yields were unaffected.

THE RESIDUAL EFFECT OF LIME ON CROP YIELDS, pH, AND OTHER CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A GREY WOODED SOIL BROKEN TO DIFFERENT DEPTHS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Herman A. Hamilton ◽  
M. Levesque ◽  
J. R. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Predominant Effect

A virgin Grey Wooded soil in which soil pH increased with depth of profile was ploughed to different depths on first breaking the land. It was observed that irrespective of depth of ploughing, calcitic limestone applied at 2 and 4 tons per acre respectively still exerted an effect on crop yields 7 years after application. The predominant effect of increases in soil pH and crop yields were attributable to lime, though with 6-in. ploughing nitrogen had a significant effect in increasing soil pH but no significant effect on crop yields. Phosphorus did not significantly affect soil pH with any of the ploughing treatments imposed, but had some effect on crop yields with 6-in. ploughing and 24-in. ploughing. In the absence of lime application, soil pH decreased substantially in the first year of cropping and then remained fairly constant. An application of 2 tons of lime per acre was just sufficient to maintain the natural pH of the different soil layers and yet caused substantial increases in crop yields. With 4 tons of lime per acre, the increase in soil pH was at a maximum in the first year after application, and with 6-in. ploughing was maintained at this level. However with 12-in. ploughing and 24-in. ploughing the maximum pH attained was not maintained.Lime applied to the surface soil affected soil pH in the subsurface soil.Irrespective of initial ploughing treatment on breaking the land, lime decreased organic matter and increased Bray 'acid-soluble' phosphorus in the surface soil. With 6-in. and 12-in. ploughing, lime increased Bray 'adsorbed' phosphorus, but caused a decrease with 24-in. ploughing. On the application of lime, increases in Bray 'acid-soluble' phosphorus were in general more pronounced than increases in Bray 'adsorbed' phosphorus.

An attempted fractionation of the soil phosphorus

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

1. Extractions of soils with sodium hydroxide, followed by an acid, have been used in an attempt to fractionate the soil phosphorus.2. Colorimetric methods for the estimation of the organic and inorganic phosphorus in alkali soil extracts have been suggested.3. The amount of soil phosphorus soluble in sodium hydroxide is affected by the active soil calcium. It is suggested that sodium-saturated soils be used when studying the alkali-soluble phosphorus.4. The acid-soluble phosphorus remaining in soil after extraction with sodium hydroxide was determined. This fraction appears by analogy to be similar to the apatites.5. The largest fraction of the total soil phosphorus was not dissolved by the sodium hydroxide and acid extractions. This fraction was not increased by the long-continued use of phosphatic fertilizers at Rothamsted and Woburn.6. Relatively large amounts of organic phosphorus were found in soils and the amounts were closely related to the carbon contents.

Seasonal and fertilizer effects on the organic cycle and microbial biomass in a hill country soil under pasture

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Perrott ◽  
SU Sarathchandra ◽  
BW Dow
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Soil Microbial

A two year investigation of soil phosphorus and the soil organic cycle was carried out on a typical hill country site in the North Island, New Zealand. This included investigation of changes in soil phosphorus, as well as seasonal and fertilizer (superphosphate) effects on soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus and calcium chloride extractable sulfur. No net utilization of soil organic phosphorus occurred when application of phosphate fertilizer was withheld. On the contrary, accumulation of organic phosphorus was found in both fertilized and unfertilized plots. Immobilization of inorganic phosphorus into organic forms appeared to be a significant factor in fertilizer phosphorus requirements at this site. It was also a significant cause of the decline in the soil phosphorus status when no fertilizer was applied. Despite declining pasture production, there were no effects of withholding superphosphate on the soil biological cycle as measured by soil microbial phosphorus and sulfur, total organic phosphorus and sodium bicarbonate extractable organic phosphorus. However, seasonal variations occurred indicating storage and release of phosphorus by the soil organic matter and microbial biomass. Release of phosphorus occurred during periods of rapid pasture growth and could account for phosphorus uptake by the pasture at those times.

scholarly journals Vertical phosphorus migration in biosolids-amended soils : concentrations in soils and leachates.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Markunas
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Biosolids Application

The impacts of biosolids land application on soil phosphorus and subsequent transfer to aquatic ecosystems in the condition of the minimal slope were assessed. Soil, representing typical "Non response" Ontario soil, was amended with anaerobically digested biosolids at a rate of 8 tonnes/ha. Over five months, soil samples from two different depths were sequentially fractionated to determine various inorganic and organic phosphorus pools in order to evaluate phosphorus vertical migration within a soil profile. Soil leachate was analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus and added to the aquariums mimicking receiving surface waters. Water from aquariums was tested for the presence of eutrophication. The results indicated that biosolids application did not significantly affect phosphorus concentrations in soil and did not cause phosphorus vertical migration. The concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus also were not affected by biosolids. No signs of eutrophication were observed in receiving waters.

scholarly journals Fractionation of soil phosphorus in a long-term phosphate fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Amaizah ◽  
Dragan Cakmak ◽  
Elmira Saljnikov ◽  
Goran Roglic ◽  
Vesna Mrvic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The changes in inorganic and organic phosphorus (P) fractions of soil resulting from long-term fertilization (40 years) were investigated. In order to improve understanding of the sink and sources of phosphorus, P-fractions were extracted from soil samples of 0-30 and 30-60 cm depth with different amounts of monoammonium-phosphate (MAP) and then determined. Stagnosol was the type of the studied soil. Phosphate fertilizer was applied in 26, 39 and 52 kgP/ha amounts during the period of 40 years. Samples were subjected to sequential extraction according to the modified Chang and Jackson method and BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure in order to extract different forms of phosphorus. The Certified Reference material CRM 684 (River Sediment Extractable Phosphorus) was used to provide accuracy of the instrument and both used methods. Furthermore, the association of phosphorus with substrates was provided by comparison of the results of sequential methods of phosphorus species with the sequential extraction of metals (Fe, Al, Mn and Ca). Results of continuous fertilization during 40 years indicated the increase of all the phosphorus forms in the soil except of phosphorus bound to calcium and organic phosphorus. Application of higher amounts of P-fertilizer resulted in dominance of Al-P fraction in studied soil which indicated that this fraction was the most responsible for the migration of phosphorus along the soil profile.

Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilized pasture in southeastern South-Australia .I. Phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
AL Clarke ◽  
WB Hall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The accumulation of phosphorus applied as superphosphate over a 25-year period to pastures growing on sand over clay soils was measured in three areas of different rainfall in the south-east of South Australia. Total soil phosphorus levels increased in the 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30 cm-clay layers for all areas, but no accumulation occurred in the clay layer. For every 100 kg ha-1 of single superphosphate (9.6% phosphorus) applied, 2.0, 3.2 and 3.5 kg ha-1 of phosphorus accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The recoveries of applied phosphorus in the sand layer for the three areas were 42, 57 and 75% for Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The annual accumulation rates of organic phosphorus in the top 30 cm of soil ranged from 2.4 to 3.5 kg ha-1. By using a 'balance sheet' approach, the annual maintenance phosphate requirements for the three areas were calculated. These ranged from 60 to 165 kg ha-1 of superphosphate, and were associated with differences in leaching losses, stocking rates and organic phosphorus accumulation.

Phosphate responses in relation to soil tests and organic phosphorus

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Friend ◽  
H. F. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fraction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Phosphate Retention ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Response

Phosphate responses of wheat in a number of soil types have been correlated with the amounts of phosphate extracted by ten different methods. Of these only total organic phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus extracted with hot 0·1N caustic soda, were significantly related to phosphate response, the former at the 1% level and the latter at the 5% level. The amount of organic phosphorus in the soil was also found to be significantly related, in each instance at the 5% level, to phosphate responses of grass and the percentage phosphate in the grass. When the amount of organic phosphorus was considered together with the phosphate retention capacity of the soil, to give a measure of available mineralized phosphate, the relationships to response (and uptake of phosphorus by grasses) was more significant than with organic phosphorus alone.The organic phosphorus fraction accounted for about 86% of the total soil phosphorus. Measurable amounts of water-soluble organic phosphorus were found with all the soils. The amounts were, however, not significantly related to phosphate response. Moreover, it was found that while the soil extract containing organic phosphorus decomposed, it did so without the production of mineral phosphate. From this, and further evidence in the literature, it is considered that the organic complex in the soil, rather than the water soluble phosphorus, is the main source for the plant.

scholarly journals Vertical phosphorus migration in biosolids-amended soils : concentrations in soils and leachates.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Markunas
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Biosolids Application

The impacts of biosolids land application on soil phosphorus and subsequent transfer to aquatic ecosystems in the condition of the minimal slope were assessed. Soil, representing typical "Non response" Ontario soil, was amended with anaerobically digested biosolids at a rate of 8 tonnes/ha. Over five months, soil samples from two different depths were sequentially fractionated to determine various inorganic and organic phosphorus pools in order to evaluate phosphorus vertical migration within a soil profile. Soil leachate was analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus and added to the aquariums mimicking receiving surface waters. Water from aquariums was tested for the presence of eutrophication. The results indicated that biosolids application did not significantly affect phosphorus concentrations in soil and did not cause phosphorus vertical migration. The concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus also were not affected by biosolids. No signs of eutrophication were observed in receiving waters.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

MINERALIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF LIME

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead ◽  
J. M. Lapensee ◽  
K. C. Ivarson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
Partial Sterilization ◽  
Positive Effect

In a laboratory experiment, liming resulted in an average decline of 3.6 per cent in the total organic phosphorus content of incubated surface samples of seven acid soils from eastern Canada. Increases of 2.6 and 5.1 per cent in 1N H2SO4- and 4N HCl-soluble inorganic phosphorus, respectively, and a decrease of 46.4 per cent in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus (pH 8.5) provided further evidence of mineralization of organic phosphorus following liming. There was some evidence, however, that the differences in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus following liming were due only in part to mineralization, since Ca(OH)2 added to a soil just prior to extraction with NaHCO3 had a repressive effect on the solubility of the organic phosphorus compounds.Some mineralization of organic phosphorus occurred when unlimed samples were incubated in the laboratory for 9 months.Marked increases in microbiological activity, as indicated by increased numbers of microorganisms, and increased CO2 and NO3-nitrogen production, were associated with lower values for extractable organic phosphorus following liming. Partial sterilization of samples with toluene lowered biological activity in the unlimed and limed samples. Toluene was found, however, to have a positive effect on release of phosphorus from organic form.

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