scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE, NITROGEN FERTILIZATION, AND TEMPERATURE ON QUALITY AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THATCHER WHEAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
E. A. Paul ◽  
W. L. Hutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Sedimentation Value

The protein content of Thatcher wheat grown in the growth chamber was increased by reduced water supply, nitrogen fertilization, and higher air temperatures. Soil moisture conditions had a greater influence on protein content at higher temperatures, while the largest responses to nitrogen fertilization were obtained at the medium moisture level. Changes in sedimentation value and mixing time were associated with protein content except for plants grown at 62°F. Apparently the low temperature had an adverse effect on gluten quality.The relative distribution of 9 amino acids was significantly correlated with changes in grain protein content. Only 6 amino acids gave similar high correlations with flour protein content and sedimentation value. These differences are explained on the basis of changes in the morphology of the wheat grain and the proportion of flour proteins.

scholarly journals Root and shoot responses of upland New Rice for Africa varieties to fluctuating soil moisture conditions as affected by different levels of nitrogen fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-337
Author(s):  
Daniel Makori Menge ◽  
Mana Kano‐Nakata ◽  
Akira Yamauchi ◽  
Roel Rodriguez Suralta ◽  
Daigo Makihara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Different Levels

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND MOISTURE ON YIELD AND PROTEIN IN FIELD PEAS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. McLEAN ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moisture Conditions

When averaged over a wide range in soil nitrogen and moisture conditions, cultivar differences in yield and protein content of non-inoculated field peas (Pisum sativum L.) were relatively small. The inherent differences in seed weight were responsible for most of the variations in yield among the three cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization in the growth room experiment markedly increased plant weight, seed yield and protein content, and water-use efficiency was substantially improved. When maintained within the upper half of the available range, soil moisture supply had only a limited influence on plant growth. Periodic wilting did cause a severe reduction in plant weight and seed yield, but there was little change in protein content. For these fertilizer and moisture treatments, responses in seed yield were primarily due to changes in number of pods per plant; the seeds per pod and seed weight were relatively stable. It appeared that field peas were efficient converters of soil nitrogen to seed protein and, in the absence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen fertilization was the principal factor influencing the protein content of field peas. The correlation coefficient between yield and protein content was very low.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage Differently Affects the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Fortunato ◽  
Nigro ◽  
Paradiso ◽  
Cucci ◽  
Lacolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Abundance

Soil nitrogen abundance, as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), significantly affect the crop yield and grain protein content (GPC). Depending on the genotype, a negative correlation between the yield and GPC can occur. The aim of the study was to assess the agronomic performance, and to explore physiological pathways for the efficient use of N fertilizer for two durum wheat cultivars, “Aureo” and “Vespucci”. After fertilization, the nitrogen content and values of some of the agronomic parameters and yield-related traits increased in both cultivars; nevertheless, a simultaneous rise in both the yield and GPC occurred only in Aureo. The biochemical parameters, analyzed at tillering, confirm the genotypic specificity of nitrogen use. In Vespucci’s roots, the nitrogen supply did not affect the nitrate reductase (NR), but greatly increased the amino acids and proteins, suggesting that ammonium is preferentially assimilated. In Aureo, nitrate is in part assimilated by the roots, as suggested by the ammonium increase and NR enhancement. In the leaves of both cultivars, organic nitrogen significantly increased after fertilization; however, the rise in amino acids, as well as in NR activity, was higher in Aureo than in Vespucci. These results indicate that the different nitrogen use, and in particular the diverse NR behavior, at tillering, are in part responsible of the cultivar differences in grain yield and GPC.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND NITROGEN ON YIELD AND PROTEIN QUALITY OF THATCHER WHEAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
D. M. Lin ◽  
E. A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sedimentation Value

Soil moisture level was the most important factor controlling plant and grain yields while nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on protein content and sedimentation value. Lower temperatures and nitrogen fertilization favored plant development at medium and high soil moisture levels but did not significantly alter the yield of plants subjected to periodic moisture stress. Temperature was the only treatment to have a consistent effect on kernel weight. However, seed yields were more closely associated with total plant weight and number of culms than kernel size.The sedimentation values of the flour, which ranged from 33.8 to 70.7 ml, were highly correlated with protein content. The wide range of sedimentation values approached the maximum range reported for very weak and very strong wheats. Within treatments receiving the same nitrogen applications, the sedimentation values and protein content were inversely related to grain yield.Variations in glutamic acid and proline content of the hydrolyzed flour proteins were positively associated with protein content and sedimentation value. Amino acids which were negatively correlated with protein content included alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glycine, and lysine. Contrary to previous reports the lysine content varied over the complete range of protein content in the flours. The significance of these variations in amino acid composition are discussed in relation to recent studies on the fractionation of flour proteins.

EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND SOIL MOISTURE ON THE CATALASE ACTIVITY, RESPIRATION, AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF BEAN PLANTS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (4) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Moisture Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Bean plants grown under various controlled moisture conditions in a greenhouse, and sprayed with 2,4-D, showed differences in catalase activity, carbon dioxide output, total nitrogen content, and visual response. Catalase and respiration of leaves were stimulated or depressed depending upon soil moisture, concentration of 2,4-D, and time after treatment, but there was not always a positive correlation between the two activities. Protein in leaves, with a few noteworthy exceptions, was decreased by 2,4-D. Extremes among leaf responses were induced in plants recently deprived of optimum moisture. Catalase, respiration, and protein content of stems were greatly increased by 2,4-D. This was especially noticeable in plants in moist soil. Soil treatments with 2,4-D solution followed by adequate moisture effected, in above-ground parts of plants, responses resembling those measured after foliage sprays on beans in moist soil. Fasciation of underground parts resulted only from a soil application involving relatively dilute (50 p.p.m.) concentration of 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Quality selection and genetic diversity of Tunisian durum wheat varieties using SSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyes Babay ◽  
Sameh Rahmani Mnasri ◽  
Rim Mzid ◽  
M'barek ben Naceur ◽  
Mohsen Hanana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yellow Colour

Our study focuses on the molecular analysis of the genetic diversity within 15 Tunisian durum wheat varieties and the assessment of the efficiency of some available markers to select valuable genotypes for technological proprieties of semolina (i.e. parameters related to SDS-sedimentation, mixing time and breakdown resistance of mixograph, grain protein content and yellow colour). While several markers were validated, others were not informative within the genotypes used. A high level of polymorphic information content (PIC) was detected, with an average of 5.2 polymorph alleles per locus and 0.6 average. Old varieties have high protein content however; modern varieties display strong gluten strength. Our results thus open the opportunity to choose valuable parents on the base of pedigrees, technological properties and genetic distances; and lead us to select efficient markers for the Regional Indigenous Land Strategy (Rils) selection strategy.

scholarly journals Hydrometeorological conditions preceding wildfire, and the subsequent burning of a fen watershed in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Elmes ◽  
Dan K. Thompson ◽  
James H. Sherwood ◽  
Jon S. Price
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

Abstract. The destructive nature of the ~ 590,000 ha Horse River Wildfire in the Western Boreal Plain (WBP), northern Alberta in May of 2016 motivated the investigation of the hydrometeorological conditions that preceded the fire. Historical climate and field hydrometeorological data from a moderate-rich fen watershed were used to identify a) whether the spring 2016 conditions were outside the range of natural variability for WBP climate cycles; b) explain the observed patterns in burn severity across the watershed; and c) identify whether fall and winter moisture signals observed in peatlands and lowland forests in the region are indicative of fire susceptibility. Field hydrometeorological data from the fen watershed confirmed the presence of cumulative moisture deficits prior to the fire. Hydrogeological investigations highlighted the susceptibility of fen and upland areas to water table and soil moisture decline over rain-free periods (including winter), due to the watershed's reliance on supply from localized flow systems originating in topographic highs. Subtle changes in topographic position led to large changes in groundwater connectivity, leading to greater organic soil consumption in wetland margins and at high elevations. The 2016 spring moisture conditions measured prior to the ignition of the fen watershed were not illustrated well by the Drought Code (DC) when standard overwintering procedures were applied. However, close agreement was found when default assumptions were replaced with measured duff soil moisture recharge and incorporated into the overwintering DC procedure. We conclude that accumulated moisture deficits dating back to the summer of 2015 led to the dry conditions that preceded the fire. The infrequent coinciding of several hydrometeorological conditions, including low autumn soil moisture, a modest snowpack, lack of spring precipitation, and high spring air temperatures and winds, ultimately led to the Horse River wildfire spreading widely and causing observed burn patterns. Monitoring soil moisture at different land classes and watersheds would aid management strategies in the production of more accurate overwintered DC calculations, providing fire management agencies early warning signals ahead of severe spring wildfire seasons.

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