scholarly journals Quality selection and genetic diversity of Tunisian durum wheat varieties using SSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyes Babay ◽  
Sameh Rahmani Mnasri ◽  
Rim Mzid ◽  
M'barek ben Naceur ◽  
Mohsen Hanana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yellow Colour

Our study focuses on the molecular analysis of the genetic diversity within 15 Tunisian durum wheat varieties and the assessment of the efficiency of some available markers to select valuable genotypes for technological proprieties of semolina (i.e. parameters related to SDS-sedimentation, mixing time and breakdown resistance of mixograph, grain protein content and yellow colour). While several markers were validated, others were not informative within the genotypes used. A high level of polymorphic information content (PIC) was detected, with an average of 5.2 polymorph alleles per locus and 0.6 average. Old varieties have high protein content however; modern varieties display strong gluten strength. Our results thus open the opportunity to choose valuable parents on the base of pedigrees, technological properties and genetic distances; and lead us to select efficient markers for the Regional Indigenous Land Strategy (Rils) selection strategy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Abiotic Stresses on the Protein Composition of Four Hungarian Wheat Varieties

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dalma Nagy-Réder ◽  
Zsófia Birinyi ◽  
Marianna Rakszegi ◽  
Ferenc Békés ◽  
Gyöngyvér Gell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

Global climate change in recent years has resulted in extreme heat and drought events that significantly influence crop production and endanger food security. Such abiotic stress during the growing season has a negative effect on yield as well as on the functional properties of wheat grain protein content and composition. This reduces the value of grain, as these factors significantly reduce end-use quality. In this study, four Hungarian bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) with different drought and heat tolerance were examined. Changes in the size- and hydrophobicity-based distribution of the total proteins of the samples have been monitored by SE- and RP-HPLC, respectively, together with parallel investigations of changes in the amounts of the R5 and G12 antibodies related to celiac disease immunoreactive peptides. Significant difference in yield, protein content and composition have been observed in each cultivar, altering the amounts of CD-related gliadin, as well as the protein parameters directly related to techno-functional properties (Glu/Gli ratio, UPP%). The extent of changes largely depended on the timing of the abiotic stress. The severity of the negative effect depended on the growth stage in which abiotic stress occurred.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Some Soft and Hard Wheat Varieties Based on SSR Marker

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Yousif M. Fattah ◽  
Nergiz N. Tayib
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diversity Studies

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Iraq and the world. It includes many species and varieties.  The two major cultivated species of wheat are, durum wheat (Tritium durum Desf.) which is tetraploid (2n= 28) and the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which is hexaploid (2n = 42). Ten wheat varieties from both species were examined using ten Simple   sequence repeat (SSR) markers (WMC17, WMC20, WMC21, WMC24, WMC25, WMC48, WMC50, WMC283, Xgwm11 and Xgwm626). Various genetic parameters were calculated using Power Marker V3.25 software. A total of 156 alleles were detected in both species. The gene diversity in wheat varieties from both species collectively varied from 0.85 to 1.00, which indicates considerable genetic diversity in the examined varieties. All markers used in this study were highly informative and the polymorphic information content (PIC) values were higher than 0.50 in all loci. Hence all markers are considered useful for genetic diversity studies in wheat’s populations. The dendrogram separated the populations into two main clades and many subgroups. Azadi variety was simplicifolious. This study confirms the discriminating power of SSR typing and its usefulness for comparison within hard and soft wheat populations. 

Selection of Dry Pea (Pisum Sativum) Varieties and their Performance by Comparison with Barley and Wheat in Mediterranean Environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
A. Hadjicristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThe possibility of growing dry peas in the semi-arid areas of Mediterranean countries was assessed by comparing dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with the highest yielding barley and durum wheat varieties under rainfed conditions and with supplementary irrigation in Cyprus. The yield of barley cv. Kantara was greater than that of the best pea variety selected, PS 210713, especially under the driest conditions, but the differences between cereals and dry pea varieties were smaller when grown in areas where there was more rain or where supplementary irrigation was supplied. The protein content of the dry seeds and straw of the peas was higher than those of the cereals. It is concluded that selected varieties of dry peas could be grown in dry Mediterranean areas, particularly in rotation with barley or wheat.Pisum sativum L. para zonas mediterráneas

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Progeny of a Biparental Mapping Population of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard Yada ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Agnes Alajo ◽  
Gorrettie N. Ssemakula ◽  
Robert O.M. Mwanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Genetic diversity is critical in sweetpotato improvement as it is the source of genes for desired genetic gains. Knowledge of the level of genetic diversity in a segregating family contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity present in crosses and helps breeders to make selections for population improvement and cultivar release. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have become widely used markers for diversity and linkage analysis in plants. In this study, we screened 405 sweetpotato SSR markers for polymorphism on the parents and progeny of a biparental cross of New Kawogo × Beauregard cultivars. Thereafter, we used the informative markers to analyze the diversity in this population. A total of 250 markers were polymorphic on the parents and selected progeny; of these, 133 were informative and used for diversity analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the 133 markers ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 with an average of 0.7, an indication of high level of informativeness. The pairwise genetic distances among the progeny and parents ranged from 0.2 to 0.9, and they were grouped into five main clusters. The 133 SSR primers were informative and are recommended for use in sweetpotato diversity and linkage analysis.

scholarly journals Trend, Population Structure And Trait Mapping From 15 Years Of National Varietal Trials Of UK Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseyi Shorinola ◽  
James Simmonds ◽  
Luzie Wingen ◽  
Keith Gardner ◽  
Cristobal Uauy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Gene X Environment Interactions ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

There are now a rich variety of genomic and genotypic resources available to wheat researchers and breeders. However, the generation of high-quality and field-relevant phenotyping data which is required to capture the complexities of gene x environment interactions remains a major bottleneck. Historical datasets from national variety performance trials (NVPT) provide sufficient dimensions, in terms of numbers of years and locations, to examine phenotypic trends and study gene x environment interactions. Using NVPT for winter wheat varieties grown in the UK between 2002 – 2017, we examined temporal trends for eight traits related to yield, adaptation, and grain quality performance. We show a non-stationary linear trend for yield, grain protein content, HFN and days to ripening. Our data also show high environmental stability for yield, grain protein content and specific weight in UK winter wheat varieties and high environmental sensitivity for Hagberg Falling Number. Using the historical NVPT data in a genome-wide association analysis, we uncovered a significant marker-trait association peak on wheat chromosome 6A spanning the NAM-A1 gene that have been previously associated with early senescence. Together our results show the value of utilizing the data routinely collected during variety evaluation process for examining breeding progress and the genetic architecture of important traits.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of a Tunisian Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum Var. Durum) Collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroua Ouaja ◽  
Bochra Amina Bahri ◽  
Lamia Aouini ◽  
Sahbi Ferjaoui ◽  
Maher Medini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Abstract Background: Tunisia is a center of genetic diversity of durum wheat and has a large number of abandoned old local landraces. An accurate investigation and characterization of the morphological and genetic features of these landraces would allow their rehabilitation and use for practical and beneficial purposes. In this context, a collection of 304 local accessions of durum wheat, collected from five regions and three climatic zones of central and southern Tunisia, was studied. Results: Morphological characterization was carried out using 12 spike-related traits and rendered a mean Shannon-Weaver Index (H') of 0.80 indicating the presence of a high level of polymorphism among accessions. Based on these traits 11 local landraces, namely Mahmoudi, Azizi, Jneh Khotifa, Mekki, Biskri, Taganrog, Biada, Badri, Richi, Roussia and Souri were identified. Spike length (H’=0.98) and shape (H’=0.86) with grains size (H’=0.94), form (H’=0.87) and color (H’=0.86) were the most polymorphic morphological traits. The genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers, with a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.69. Levels of genetic diversity were generally high, with a Shannon's Information Index (I) of 0.62 and a gene diversity (He) of 0.35. In addition, population structure analysis distinguished 11 genetic groups resulted from STRUCTURE and Mantel test showed a significant correlation between genetic and morphological distances. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed high genetic variations within regions (81%) and wheat subpopulations (41%) showing a considerable amount of admixture between landraces realized by farmers; as well as a moderate (19%) and high (59%) genetic variations among regions and wheat subpopulations, indicating practices of selection pressure conducted by farmers. The Mahmoudi landrace showed spike densities significantly different between the center to the south of Tunisia; notably loose spikes with open glumes in the south and compact ones in the center, which may represent an adaptation form for tolerance to high temperature. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the genetic richness of local resources for better in situ or ex situ conservation and for their subsequent use in plant breeding programs.

AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LOW-HEIGHT WHEAT VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
N. V. Tupitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Agriculture

The article lights cultivar studies. In global and domestic grain production since the 1950s last century have been used low-height wheat varieties. Agrobiological analysis of low-height varieties which characterized by resistance to lodging are presented. In addition, application of higher ratio of fertilizers allows to low-height forms better realized potential yield. In selection practice are known the low-height, high yield varieties with good protein content. It is possible to influence on grain protein content through additional feeding during formation and filling artificially increasing nitrogen concentration in vegetative bulk. Analysis of the cultivar changing through many decades in different countries, regions of our country allowed to identify common patterns of low-height varieties stress tolerance. Over the past 18-20 years in Russian agriculture have been observed negative trends due to deterioration professional and general culture of land users. It is known that based on the knowledge of biology, a scientifically based varietal agrotechnology is built, the essence of which is the minimum of risks, costs and maximum yield.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage Differently Affects the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Two Durum Wheat Cultivars

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Fortunato ◽  
Nigro ◽  
Paradiso ◽  
Cucci ◽  
Lacolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitrogen Abundance

Soil nitrogen abundance, as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), significantly affect the crop yield and grain protein content (GPC). Depending on the genotype, a negative correlation between the yield and GPC can occur. The aim of the study was to assess the agronomic performance, and to explore physiological pathways for the efficient use of N fertilizer for two durum wheat cultivars, “Aureo” and “Vespucci”. After fertilization, the nitrogen content and values of some of the agronomic parameters and yield-related traits increased in both cultivars; nevertheless, a simultaneous rise in both the yield and GPC occurred only in Aureo. The biochemical parameters, analyzed at tillering, confirm the genotypic specificity of nitrogen use. In Vespucci’s roots, the nitrogen supply did not affect the nitrate reductase (NR), but greatly increased the amino acids and proteins, suggesting that ammonium is preferentially assimilated. In Aureo, nitrate is in part assimilated by the roots, as suggested by the ammonium increase and NR enhancement. In the leaves of both cultivars, organic nitrogen significantly increased after fertilization; however, the rise in amino acids, as well as in NR activity, was higher in Aureo than in Vespucci. These results indicate that the different nitrogen use, and in particular the diverse NR behavior, at tillering, are in part responsible of the cultivar differences in grain yield and GPC.

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