SOME CATION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF SOILS CONTAINING FREE OXIDES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Exchange Properties

Low C.E.C. values were obtained for the B horizon of a Concretionary Brown soil from British Columbia and a Podzol from New Brunswick, when CaCl2 was used to saturate the cation-exchange complex. Higher CE.C.'s were obtained if Ca(OAc)2 + CaCl2 was used and this showed that the soils had a large pH-dependent component of the C.E.C. Both soils had a high proportion of pH-dependent charge after the destruction of the soil organic matter. Extraction of free iron oxides increased the C.E.C. of the inorganic exchange fractions and eliminated or decreased the pH-dependent component of the C.E.C. Relatively large amounts of iron and aluminum were removed from the soils by the free oxide extraction procedure. These results suggest that the fixation of aluminum and iron was responsible for the low permanent charge values obtained for the soils. The precipitation of the fixed Al and Fe as Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3 when the soils were treated with base or extracted with buffered salt solutions released exchange sites and gave an effect equivalent to the release of exchangeable H so that the soils had a large pH-dependent component of the C.E.C.

CLAY ILLUVIATION IN SOME ORTHIC PODZOLS OF EASTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Charge Component ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Ph Dependent

The Arago, Barney, and Holmesville soils, Podzols from Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, respectively, each had friable Bfh horizons with moderate granular structure, and with organic matter and free Fe2O3 contents greater than the Ae and C horizons. The Arago and Holmesville had thin Bhft horizons containing over 10% organic matter and 5% free iron oxides. The C horizons of these two soils had some features characteristic of fragipans.The B horizons of the three soils had a high "pH-dependent charge component" in the C.E.C. values. The "permanent charge component" was similar throughout the Arago profile except for the Bhft horizon where clay accumulation had occurred.Translocation of clay from the Ae to the upper B horizons was indicated by the twofold increase in clay content and the relative enrichment of fine clay in the B horizons. Removal of free iron affected the clay contents differently in the different: horizons but the maximum clay content in the upper B horizons remained. The definitions of Orthic Podzols, Textural Podzols, and t horizons should be re-examined.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

Effects of high pH solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations on cation exchange properties

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Liefering ◽  
CDA Mclay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Exchange Properties

Disposal of strongly alkaline industrial liquid wastes, which contain large monovalent cation concentrations, by means of land treatment systems is becoming increasingly common. This study investigated the effects of solutions with large monovalent cation concentrations and high pH on cation exchange properties in four New Zealand soils with different clay mineralogies. The soils were shaken with a range of concentrations (0–0.3 M) of NaOH, KOH, NaCl, and KCl. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were measured following shaking and washing procedures. Although the hydroxide solutions dissolved significant amounts of organic matter from all soils, there was still a net increase in CEC measured at all hydroxide concentrations. The magnitude of the CEC increase was dependent on hydroxide concentration. The increase in CEC is attributed to newly generated negative charge on surfaces which possess variable charge (i.e. pH dependent) characteristics such as edge sites of clay minerals, sesquioxides, and the undissolved organic matter remaining in the soil. In contrast to hydroxide solutions, no increase in CEC was measured in chloride-treated samples. Increases in the concentration of all treatment solutions resulted in increases in the exchangeable ion concentration of the index cation used in the treatment solution (either Na+ or K+) and decreases in concentration of the other three exchangeable cations. In general, higher exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values were measured in samples treated with NaOH than samples treated with NaCl at all concentrations. Similarly, higher exchangeable potassium percentage (EPP) was measured in samples treated with KOH than samples treated with KCl at all concentrations. The higher ESP and EPP values recorded when hydroxide solutions were used as treatments are attributed to the newly generated negative charges being counter-balanced by the monovalent index cation present in the treatment solution. It is suggested that existing equations commonly used to predict ESP and EPP values are unsuccessful for accurately predicting changes when soils are treated with hydroxide solutions, due to their inability to account for the newly generated exchange sites. The equations did, however, adequately predict the effects of both chloride solutions on ESP and EPP.

Quantitative Characterization of Soil Organic Matter and Its Fractionation Products by Solid State High Resolution C-13 (CPMAS) Spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 982-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fründ ◽  
H.-D. Lüdemann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Quantitative Characterization

Abstract In a systematic study the organic carbon content of typical Germ an soils was studied by solid state C-13 CPM AS spectroscopy.In order to check the quantitative validity of the standard sodium hydroxide extraction procedure, which fractionates soil organic matter into hum in, humic acid, and fulvic acid also the high resolution solid state spectra of these fractions were determined.The chemical information obtained from these spectra is discussed.

ESTIMATION OF THE INORGANIC AND ORGANIC pH-DEPENDENT CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF THE B HORIZONS OF PODZOLIC AND BRUNISOLIC SOILS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
W. E. Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wyoming Bentonite

Heating in hydrogen peroxide, dilute oxalic acid, and dilute aluminum oxalate did not change the effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) or the pH-7 CEC of Wyoming bentonite and Alberni clay soil containing excess Al(OH)x. This indicated that treatment of soils with H2O2 to oxidize organic matter and the possible production of oxalates during oxidation did not change the CEC values of the inorganic fraction of soils even if some clay exchange sites were blocked by hydrous oxides of Al.With soils of pH less than approximately 5.4, oxidation of organic matter did not change the effective CECs although the pH-7 CEC values were decreased. Thus, organic matter in acid soils appeared to have little or no effective CEC. Because of this and the negligible effect of H2O2 oxidation on the CEC values of clays, the difference of the pH-7 CEC of soils before and after H2O2 oxidation provided a simple means of estimating the amount of organic pH-dependent CEC in acid soils.The amount of organically derived pH-dependent CEC was determined in a number of soils by means of peroxide oxidation. The technique provided a useful indication of the quantities of sesquioxide–organic matter complexes accumulated in medium- and fine-textured soils.

pH-Dependent Sorption of Acidic Organic Chemicals to Soil Organic Matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (24) ◽  
pp. 9189-9195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger C. Tülp ◽  
Kathrin Fenner ◽  
René P. Schwarzenbach ◽  
Kai-Uwe Goss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Ph Dependent

Influence of organic waste amendments on selected soil physical and chemical properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. Hogue ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Exchange Capacity

Sandy, infertile soils can benefit from the addition of organic waste amendments. Annual applications of organic wastes for as long as 4 yr increased soil organic matter content, decreased soil bulk density, and increased soil water retention of a coarse-textured soil. However, soil water-holding capacity was not necessarily increased, and there was a limited effect on soil cation exchange capacity. Key words: Cation exchange capacity, water retention, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil bulk density

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC MATTER AND IRON OXIDES ON CATION EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA AND POTASSIUM SELECTIVITY IN A VOLCANIC ASH SOIL OF CHILE

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 3663-3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itilier Salazar ◽  
Mauricio Escudey ◽  
Julio Guajardo ◽  
Keith W. T. Goulding
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soil
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