scholarly journals THE ZINC FERTILITY OF SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Extractable Zn

Current criteria for predicting zinc (Zn) deficiency in Saskatchewan soils are based on DTPA-extractable Zn values. DTPA-extractable Zn levels in 12% of 1200 samples taken across Saskatchewan contained less than 0.5 mg Zn kg−1 soil and would be classified as potentially Zn deficient. However, 23 field trials in 1982, 1983 and 1984 with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lentils (Lens esculenta Moench.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) produced only one significant response to Zn fertilization. No yield benefits due to either annual or residual application of Zn fertilizer were obtained even on high lime soils or those containing DTPA-extractable Zn levels below 0.5 mg kg−1 soil. Hence, current soil criteria to identify Zn deficiencies under the prevailing cropping systems must be revised to reflect these findings. Key words: DTPA-extractable Zn, crop response, critical level

Crop rotations compared with continuous canola and wheat for crop production and fertilizer use over 6 yr

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Local economic, logistic, soil, and weather conditions have made appropriate rotations vary from one area to another. Seed yield and fertilizer use in rotations were compared with continuous cropping for 6 yr in the southeast Peace region of Alberta, Canada. Canola (C) (Brassica napus L.), wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (P) (Pisum sativum L.), barley (B) (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (F) (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in 12 treatments [i.e., continuous canola (CC) and wheat (WW) and rotations of W–C, P–W–W, C–W–W, C–C–W, P–C–W, C–P–W, W–B–C, B–W–C, F–W–C, and F–C–W]. Canola yield increased with 1 or 2 yr breaks from canola. Within rotations, there was a trend to lower canola yield on canola stubble compared with other crop stubbles. Wheat yield was generally lower in WW than in rotations. Among rotations, wheat yield tended to be greater on pea stubble compared with canola, wheat, barley, and flax stubbles. Averaged over 2010–2015, the canola yield benefit from rotations was 0.632 Mg ha−1 (19.4%) over CC and the wheat yield benefit from rotations was 0.313 Mg ha−1 (7.2%) over WW. Nitrogen saving was observed when pea was included in rotation.

EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON ◽  
A. WENHARDT ◽  
W. J. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Second Year

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

EFFECT OF SEA CROP 16 AND ERGOSTIM ON CROP YIELDS AND PLANT COMPOSITION

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
J. A. MacLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Sea Crop (SC 16) and Ergostim on the yield and nutrient composition of a few crops. Studies conducted under greenhouse and field conditions showed that the yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) were not affected by the addition of SC16. The nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) concentrations of the two crops were not affected by SC 16, except in the control and SC 16 treatment only where the increases were likely due to a concentration effect, since these two treatments had lower yields. Boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in the plants were significantly affected by B and Mo applications, but not by SC 16. A greenhouse study showed that the yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and wheat were not affected by the addition of Ergostim. The addition of Ergostim did not affect the N or S concentration of wheat or three cuts of alfalfa.

scholarly journals Carbono e nitrogênio nas frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo, em sistemas de culturas sob plantio direto

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 980-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Raquel Winck ◽  
Fabiane Machado Vezzani ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
Nerilde Favaretto ◽  
Rudimar Molin
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A qualidade do solo em plantio direto está relacionada ao sistema de culturas e pode ser avaliada pelo teor de matéria orgânica particulada (>53 ∝m), em razão da funcionalidade que essa fração proporciona ao solo e à sua sensibilidade às diferenças de manejo. Visando estudar a qualidade do solo em sistemas de culturas em plantio direto, este trabalho foi conduzido em experimento de longa duração (21 anos) em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico nos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Seis sistemas de culturas foram avaliados, em que trigo-TR (Triticum aestivum L.), soja-SO (Glycine max L.), milho-MI (Zea mays L.), aveia-preta-AV, para cobertura (Avena strigosa Schreb.), ervilhaca-ER, para cobertura (Vicia villosa Roth); azevém-AZ, para feno (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); ou alfafa-AL, para feno (Medicago sativa L.) compuseram os seguintes sistemas: TR-SO (referência), ER-MI-AV-SO-TR-SO, ER-MI-TR-SO, AV-MI-TR-SO, AZ-MI-AZ-SO e AL-MI (milho a cada três anos). Os estoques de carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT) e de C e N na matéria orgânica (MO) particulada (>53 µm) e associada aos minerais (<53 µm) foram determinados em 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. O sistema semiperene AL-MI apresentou os maiores estoques de COT e NT na camada de 0-20 cm (63,6 Mg ha-1 COT e 4,6 Mg ha-1 NT), com incrementos anuais de 0,23 Mg ha-1 COT e 0,03 Mg ha-1 NT, em relação ao sistema TR-SO. O sistema AL-MI também teve os maiores estoques de C e N na MO particulada nessa camada (12,5 e 0,91 Mg ha-1, respectivamente), por causa da maior adição de fitomassa pelas raízes e a proteção física dos resíduos orgânicos. Os menores estoques de COT e NT na camada 0-20 cm ocorreram no sistema ER-MI-TR-SO (57,8 Mg ha-1 COT e 4,03 Mg ha-1 NT), sem apresentar incremento anual em relação ao sistema TR-SO. Os estoques de C e N na MO particulada foram de 10,4 e 0,67 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. Essa tendência repetiu-se para as camadas individuais, com diferença significativa entre os sistemas na camada de 0-5 cm e não significativa, para as de 5-10 e 10-20 cm. Na média dos sistemas, a MO particulada contribuiu em torno de 30 % para o estoque total de C na camada 0-5 cm. Rotação de culturas com espécies que tenham sistema radicular ativo por mais tempo, como o sistema semiperene AL-MI, tem potencial de incrementar o estoque total de C e N, especialmente da fração MO particulada, proporcionando funcionalidade ao solo e, consequentemente, qualidade.

scholarly journals Permanent Bed Width Has Little Effect on Crop Yield under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions across Central Mexico

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Abel Saldivia-Tejeda ◽  
Simon Fonteyne ◽  
Taiyu Guan ◽  
Nele Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

In Mexico, conservation agriculture has been mainly implemented using permanent beds, where the top of the raised beds is not tilled, which allows them to obtain the benefits of conservation agriculture for yield and soil quality. However, narrow (0.75–0.80 m width) and wide (1.50–1.60 m width) beds are commonly implemented without scientific evidence available as to whether the width of the beds affects crop yields. The objective of our study was therefore to evaluate two types of permanent beds, in maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production, in various agro-ecological regions of Mexico. The study included nine sites, of which six were rainfed and three had irrigation. Bed width did not significantly affect crop yield. Therefore, farmers can choose the bed width that best meets their practical needs. Some practical considerations include mechanical weeding (more access in narrow beds), fuel use (lower for reshaping wide beds), irrigation water use (in wide beds similar to irrigating alternate furrows in narrow beds), and residue management (option to concentrate residue in windrows at center of wide beds). Soil texture can also affect this choice, because it affects water infiltration and retention.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

scholarly journals Influence of Aaptamine Alkaloids on the Growth of Seedling Roots of Agricultural Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Natalia K. Utkina ◽  
Elena L. Chaikina ◽  
Mikhail M. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of spongean alkaloids aaptamine (1), isoaaptamine (2), 9-demethylaaptamine (3), aaptanone (4), N-demethylaaptanone (5), and semisynthetic 4- N-methylaaptanone (6) was studied on the growth of seedlings roots of soy { Glycine max (L.) Merr.}, maize ( Zea mays L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). It was shown that a stimulatory effect depends on the chemical structure of the compounds and species of crop plants. The structural motif of aaptamines 1–3 is essential for a stimulating activity on the growth of seedling roots of soy, maize, and wheat. The oxygenated 1,6-naphthyridine core of aaptanones 5 and 6 is important for their growth stimulating activity on barley roots.

Effect of fungicide seed treatments on root pathogens of cereal crops under field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Fernandez ◽  
W.E. May ◽  
G.P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Growing Conditions

It is of importance to reduce the spread of Fusarium graminearum to western regions of the Canadian prairies where Fusarium head blight has so far occurred to a limited extent. Determining the effectiveness of fungicides against F. graminearum in infected seed under various growing conditions will help design a comprehensive strategy for preventing the spread of this pathogen. Field trials at various locations in eastern Saskatchewan were conducted (2003-2005) to examine the performance of registered and experimental fungicides on Fusarium colonization of subcrown internodes (SIs) of plants derived from Fusarium-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat seed, and on SI discoloration. Among the fungi isolated from discolored SIs were Fusarium spp., including F. graminearum, and Cochliobolus sativus. Fusarium graminearum infections were mostly seed-borne whereas infection by other fungi appeared to be mostly soil-borne. Compared with the untreated infected control, the combined seed treatments reduced discoloration of SIs, but no single fungicide reduced discoloration consistently across site-years or crops. Similarly, no product consistently reduced the isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium pathogens, although some fungicides appeared to be more effective than others in reducing isolation of F. graminearum or C. sativus. Our observations agree with results from a controlled-environment study of effects of seed treatments on F. graminearum colonization of plants derived from infected common and durum wheat seed, thus confirming that treatment of F. graminearum-infected seed with fungicides will not likely prevent the spread of this pathogen.

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