SHORT COMMUNICATION: Difficulties in using 137Cs to measure erosion in stubble-mulched soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bremer ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Cesium 137

Soil erosion may be difficult to quantify from redistribution of 137Cs at sites where stubble-mulch techniques were adopted prior to 137Cs deposition, because appreciable 137Cs may have been transported before it was mixed into the soil Ap layer. We present evidence that this occurred in two long-term cropping experiments in southern Alberta. Key words: Cesium-137, tillage, long-term crop rotations, fallow

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Herbicides in surface runoff and groundwater under surface irrigation in southern Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
N. Foroud ◽  
B. D. Hill ◽  
C. W. Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Southern Alberta

In 1991, up to 38 g L−1 hexazinone was found in 50% of surface runoff and 27% of groundwater samples at Lethbridge. No herbicides were detected in surface runoff from irrigation at Taber, but 2,4-D, bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, MCPA and diclofop were found in 48, 34, 21, 16, 13 and 9%, respectively, of groundwater samples, and bromoxynil exceeded the Canadian drinking guideline (5.0 μg L−1) in 11% of samples. Key words: Herbicides, surface irrigation, surface runoff, groundwater

Residue detections in soil and shallow groundwater after long-term herbicide applications in southern Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. D. Hill ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
C. W. Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Southern Alberta

After herbicide applications for 1–24 yr, there were no detectable residues of glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, bromoxynil or methylchlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soil at two long-term tillage sites and one long-term manured site. The only detectable residues in soil were of diclofop and triallate. Residues of bromoxynil, diclofop and MCPA but not dicamba, 2,4-D or triallate, were detected in the groundwater at the manured site. Diclofop was detected in 6% and bromoxynil and MCPA in 2% of 84 water samples collected at the manured site. Maximum concentrations of bromoxynil (6.5 μg L−1) and diclofop (47 μg L−1) in the groundwater at the manured site exceeded levels set by the Canadian drinking water guidelines. Long-term application of herbicides has not caused accumulation of harmful residues in southern Alberta soils, but the presence of certain herbicides in the groundwater at concentrations above the level set by the drinking water guidelines is cause for concern. Key words: Herbicide residues, tillage, manure, soil, groundwater

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Elemental content of animal licks along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in southern Alberta, Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
B. D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Salt Licks

A number of animal licks, representing dry earth exposures, muck licks, and rock face licks, were sampled and analysed for 12 elements by using a sulphuric acid-hydrogen peroxide method to simulate digesta. The various types of licks may serve different needs. Sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, and copper may draw animals to specific sites. Key words: Salt licks, ungulates, landscape management, Rocky Mountains

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Distribution of cesium-137 in uncultivated Black Chernozemic landscapes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pennock ◽  
D. W. Anderson ◽  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
The Mean

The spatial distribution of cesium-137 was examined at two uncultivated sites in the Black soil zone of Saskatchewan. Although considerable variability occurred at both sites, the variability was not systematically related to landscape position. Between 9 and 16 samples need to be taken from uncultivated grassland sites to reliably estimate the mean 137Cs concentration at such sites. Key words: Cesium, soil redistribution, landscape

Long-term cropping system impact on quality and productivity of a Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwin G. Smith ◽  
H. Henry Janzen ◽  
Francis J. Larney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
System Impact

Smith, E. G., Janzen, H. H. and Larney, F. J. 2015. Long-term cropping system impact on quality and productivity of a Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 177–186. Long-term cropping system studies offer insights into soil management effects on agricultural sustainability. In 1995, a 6-yr bioassay study was superimposed on a long-term crop rotation study established in 1951 at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the impact of past cropping systems on soil quality, crop productivity, grain quality, and the relationship of yield productivity to soil quality. All plots from 13 long-term crop rotations were seeded to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a strip plot design [control, nitrogen (N) fertilizer]. Prior to seeding, soils were sampled to determine soil chemical properties. Total wheat production for the last 4 yr of the study was used as the measure of productivity. The 1995 soil analysis indicated crop rotations with less frequent fallow and with N input had higher soil quality, as indicated by soil organic carbon (SOC) and light fraction carbon (LF-C) and N (LF-N). SOC had a positive relationship to total wheat yield, but was largely masked by the application of N in this bioassay study. Frequent fallow in the previous crop rotation lowered productivity. The concentration of LF-C had a negative relationship, whereas LF-N had a positive relationship to total wheat yield, with and without N fertilization in this bioassay study. Grain N concentration was higher with applied N and when the long-term rotation included the addition of N by fertilizer, livestock manure, annual legume green manure or legume hay. This study determined that long-term imposition of management practices have lasting effects on soil quality and crop productivity.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Assessment of changes in extreme precipitation affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Ilinich ◽  
◽  
A.A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Crop Rotations

the presented research is dedicate to confirming the hypothesis about increase in extreme precipitation of recent decades, affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotations.

Planning a system of permanent sample plots for integrated long-term studies of community-based forest management

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Meilby ◽  
L Puri ◽  
M Christensen ◽  
S Rayamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Long Term Studies

To monitor the development of four community-managed forests, networks of permanent sample plots were established in 2005 at sites in Chitwan, Kaski and Mustang Districts, Nepal. This research note documents the procedures used when preparing for establishment of the plot networks, evaluates the applied stratification of the forest on the basis of data gathered in pilot surveys conducted in the early 2005, and provides a discussion on the implications of the choices made. Key words: Community-managed forests; permanent sample plots; stratification; allocation; estimates Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.3-11

scholarly journals Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3763-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meusburger ◽  
G. Leitinger ◽  
L. Mabit ◽  
M. H. Mueller ◽  
A. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

Phytoplankton Adaptation to Environmental Stresses from Toxicants, Nutrients, and Pollutants — a Warning

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Naval J. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Test Chemical ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Chronic Pollution

Examples are cited from the literature of phytoplankton-related pollution and nutrition studies where the possibility of successful adaptation and subsequent growth could have been overlooked because of insufficient duration of algal exposure to the pollutant or nutrient tested. We present evidence from our investigations where: a) initial algal exposures as long as 20–40 days to the pollutant or alternative nutrient may be required for successful adaptation, and b) phytoplankters initially tolerating only a low level of pollutant concentration could be trained to accept severalfold higher levels by repeated exposure to gradually increasing pollutant concentration A plea is made for future investigators to recognize the importance of long-term bioassays ascertaining algal potential for adaptation, in order that their results may be ecologically realistic for the purpose of environmental protection against chronic pollution and eutrophication. The short-term "shock" response should be clearly distinguished from the long-term habituation response of phytoplankters to the test chemical in these bioassays. Possible problems raising questionable objections to the long-term bioassay approach are discussed.

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