Vegetative propagation of sugar maple: Relating stem water content and terminal bud developmental stage to adventitious rooting of stem cuttings

The objective of this study was to define the optimum period for collecting sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stem cuttings. In 1999 and 2000, shoot development was monitored on young trees from a plantation established in 1993. Stem base water content and the number of pairs of terminal bud scales changed over time, reflecting meteorological characteristics of both years. In 1999, rooting percentage was high regardless of collection date, within a 7-wk period. The 2000 rooting trial covered a longer time frame and identified an optimal window during which rooting percentages reached 60 to 83%. Rooting success dropped below 30% for cuttings har vested too early or too late. Thus the optimal time for collecting sugar maple cuttings spans several weeks, but with significant year-to-year variations. For both years, optimal rooting was associated with a stem base water content lower than 75% but higher than 55%, and with the presence of one to three pairs of apical bud scales. This stage is reached when at least 270 degree-days above 5°C are accumulated. Using these indicators, practitioners can consider local conditions and year-to-year climatic variations to harvest sugar maple cuttings at an optimum stage of development. Key words: Acer saccharum, bud scales, collection date, cutting propagation, stem water content, vegetative propagation

Download Full-text

IMPROVING VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF SUGAR MAPLE (ACER SACCHARUM MARSH.)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2004.630.20 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 167-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Richer ◽

J.A. Rioux ◽

D. Tousignant ◽

N. Brassard

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple

Download Full-text

Hydraulic lift and its influence on the water content of the rhizosphere: an example from sugar maple, Acer saccharum

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/bf00334651 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Steven H. Emerman ◽

Todd E. Dawson

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Hydraulic Lift

Download Full-text

Production and Rooting of Shoots Generated from Dormant Stem Sections of Maple Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.7.1274 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1274-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul H. Henry ◽

John E. Preece

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Study Data ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Red Maple ◽

Significant Variability ◽

Rooting Response ◽

Number Of Shoots

Vegetative shoots were forced in the greenhouse from excised stem (branch) sections of dormant Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Softwood shoots generated in this way were used as stem cuttings in a subsequent adventitious rooting study. Data indicate that maple shoots can be forced using this technique, but that both the percentage of stem sections forming shoots and the number of shoots produced are highly variable among both species and clones. Whereas Japanese and red maple formed shoots on >50% of stem sections, shoots were generated on only 20% of sugar maple stem sections. Significant variability was also observed in rooting response, with red maple shoots rooting at much higher percentages (60%) than either Japanese maple (26%) or sugar maple (15%).

Download Full-text

Auxin Concentration Affects Adventitious Rooting of Mound Layered Caddo Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) and Shantung Maple (Acer truncatum)

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898.32.4.189 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

Justin A. Brock ◽

Jason J. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Early Summer ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Late Winter ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽

Auxin Concentration

Stump sprouts of stooled caddo sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh. subsp. saccharum) (caddo maple) and shantung maple (A. truncatum Bunge) were propagated by mound layering. In early summer, shoot bases were wounded and treated with 0, 10,000, 15,000, or 20,000 ppm (0, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0%) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) dissolved in 50% ethanol or 0, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm (0, 0.5, or 1.0%) of the potassium (K) salt of IBA (K-IBA) dissolved in water. Shoot bases were covered with a commercial growing substrate containing bark, Sphagnum peat moss, and perlite and retained by plastic rings 38 cm (15 in) in height. Rooted shoots were harvested in fall or late winter. Auxin concentration influenced rooting of caddo maple and shantung maple mound-layered shoots. Rooting peaked at 15,000 ppm (1.5%) IBA for both caddo maple (71%) and shantung maple (34%). Mean root number for caddo maple, but not shantung maple, increased as IBA concentration increased. Differences in mean root length were not significant. Results suggest caddo maple can be successfully propagated by mound layering. For shantung maple propagation, mound layering was less successful, so alternatives such as stem cuttings should be considered.

Download Full-text

Exploring Vegetative Propagation Techniques for the Threatened Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim Using Stem Cuttings

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13729-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 721-724

Author(s):

Zhaohui Li ◽

Yan Ma ◽

Wanyuan Yin ◽

Dekui Zang ◽

Xianfeng Guo

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Propagation Time ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Current Season ◽

Cutting Propagation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optimum Cutting ◽

Collection Date ◽

Nutrient Reserves

Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim, the only species of the genus Pteroceltis (family Ulmaceae), is an endemic rare tree species in China. This study was performed to explore vegetative propagation techniques for P. tatarinowii using stem cuttings. First, the effects of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and cutting positions on rooting performance were investigated to screen the appropriate exogenous auxin treatment and to determine the proper cuttings type. The results showed that the control cuttings pretreated with no exogenous IBA, irrespective of whether the stem cuttings were terminal, middle, or basal, rooted in a manner significantly inferior to that of cuttings pretreated with IBA. Their rooting percentage was less than 50%. Among the IBA-treated cuttings, the middle cuttings pretreated with 1000 mg·L−1 IBA rooted best, with the shortest number of days until rooting emergence (20 days), the highest rooting percentage (84.0%), the lowest mortality rate (4.0%), the greatest root number (average of 6.7 per cutting), and the longest roots per cutting (44.4 cm per cutting). Terminal cuttings pretreated with 1000 mg·L−1 IBA acquired satisfactory rooting traits and had the same shortest rooting duration (20 days) and the following parameters: rooting, 70.7%; mortality, 10.7%; average roots per cutting, 5.2; and longest root, 29.1 cm. To further determine the optimum cutting propagation time for this plant, a second experiment was performed and the cuttings were collected beginning in early June, when the growth of the current season was feasible for harvesting cuttings. Stem cuttings collected in late June and middle July had significantly higher rooting percentages (≥80%) compared with those collected in early June (66.7%). The other three rooting parameters were not significantly affected by the collection date. However, according to the overall rooting traits, the cuttings collected in both late June and middle July remarkably outperformed those collected in early June regarding the number of roots and the total root length per cutting. The initial nutrient reserves in the cuttings were also determined. A significant difference in the soluble carbohydrate level was found among collection times, but the nitrogen level in the cuttings was similar. The study revealed that stem cutting propagation of P. tatarinowii was achievable, and it was best achieved with cuttings collected from the terminal and middle positions of the branches of the current season from late June to middle July and treated with 1000 mg·L−1 IBA using the quick dip method.

Download Full-text

Propagation of Sweetgale, Rhodora, and Catberry by Stem Cuttings

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04464-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

Bryan J. Peterson ◽

Gregory J.R. Melcher ◽

Ailish K. Scott ◽

Rebecca A. Tkacs ◽

Andrew J. Chase

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Root Development ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Potassium Salt ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Razor Blade ◽

Myrica Gale ◽

Collection Date

Sweetgale (Myrica gale), rhodora (Rhododendron canadense), and catberry (Ilex mucronata) are shrubs of eastern North America that may have potential for broader use in horticultural landscapes. Because information on their vegetative propagation is scarce, we conducted experiments over 2 years to evaluate the effects of cutting collection date, wounding, substrate composition, and the concentration of applied potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) on rooting of each species. In 2015, we collected cuttings of each species on three dates to obtain both softwood and semihardwood cuttings. Cuttings were unwounded or wounded with a razor blade, and treated by dipping into water containing K-IBA at concentrations ranging from 0 to 15,000 mg·L−1, after which they were inserted into a substrate of 3:1 perlite:peat (by volume) and placed under intermittent mist. In 2016, semihardwood cuttings of each species were all wounded, treated with K-IBA from 0 to 15,000 mg·L−1, and inserted into substrates of 100%, 75%, or 50% perlite, with the remaining volume occupied by peat. In both years, the greatest percentage of sweetgale cuttings rooted when no K-IBA was applied. K-IBA application also reduced root ratings, root dry weights, and root lengths of sweetgale. For rhodora and catberry, maximal responses for all measures of rooting occurred when 5000 to 15,000 mg·L−1 K-IBA was applied. We recommend that growers use no exogenous auxin to propagate sweetgale, and 5000 to 10,000 mg·L−1 K-IBA to propagate rhodora and catberry. Cuttings of all three species can be collected from softwood or semihardwood shoots. Finally, sweetgale can be rooted in perlite alone, whereas rhodora and catberry required the addition of peatmoss for satisfactory root development.

Download Full-text