Effect of nitrogen, seeding date and cultivar on oat quality and yield in the eastern Canadian prairies

The proportion of oat (Avena sativa L.) being used for race horses and human consumption has increased over the past 15 yr. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N, seeding date and cultivar on grain yield components, grain yield and grain quality of oat under a direct seeding system. Four N rates, three seeding dates and two cultivars were tested at Indian Head, Melfort, and Canora, SK, and Brandon, MB. Yield was more responsive to increasing N rates from 15 and 80 kg ha-1 when oat was seeded in early May versus early June. Panicles plant-1 was the yield component that accounted for most of the yield increase achieved from increasing rates of N, while kernel weight was the yield component that decreased as the rate of N increased. Physical seed quality decreased (plump seed decreased and thin seed increased) with delayed seeding and greater N fertilizer rates. Nitrogen fertilizer and seeding date had a much larger effect on the quality of CDC Pacer than AC Assiniboia. Combining early seeding, appropriate N fertility and well-adapted cultivars should increase the likelihood of optimizing oat yield and quality necessary for high-value markets. Key words: Avena sativa L., yield components, test weight, lodging, plump seed, thin seed

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Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Varieties on Growth, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]

MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Hayelom Berhe ◽

Ashagrie Zewdu ◽

Kebebew Assefa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Point Of View ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Economic Point ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

N Rates ◽

Fertilizer Rates

A field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of N fertilizer rates on growth, grain yield and yield components of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], in 2017 main cropping season. Three tef varieties (Kora, Boset and Asgori) and five Nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120kg N ha-1) were used in Randomize Completed Block Design with three replications with the same dose of Triple Super Phosphate. The total and productive tiller number were highly (P<0.01) significantly affected by varieties. The control plot had maximum days to heading and this may be due to nitrogen fixation may exist and its availability may be deficient in the soil. The less response to the N rate may be due to variability of fertility or soil N content, and genetically difference between varieties. From means of varieties, the early flowerings of Boset and Asgori varieties were 101.4 and 103.79 days to maturity, respectively, but Kora (108.9 days) was late matured. Kora had maximum plant height (135.9cm) and panicle length (56.07cm) followed by Boset (115.1cm) and (42.49cm) respectively. The lodging index was affected by N rates and Kernel weight was highly significantly (P<0.01) affected only by varieties. The highest mean of thousand kernel weight (0.3387) was noted from Asgori variety. The grain yield was decreased with N rates and a better grain yield was obtained at 60-90kg N ha-1. Overall N rates indicated that, both Kora (1800) and Boset (1883) had a better grain yield in kg ha-1, but Asgori had lowest grain yield (1560kg ha-1). Based on the economic point of view, it would be more profitable to use 60kg N ha-1 N rates.

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QTL mapping for grain yield and three yield components in a population derived from two high-yielding spring wheat cultivars

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-03806-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle Isham ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Weidong Zhao ◽

Justin Wheeler ◽

Natalie Klassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Heading Date ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

Six Traits ◽

Component Traits ◽

Yield Component Traits ◽

Spikelet Number Per Spike

Abstract Key message Four genomic regions on chromosomes 4A, 6A, 7B, and 7D were discovered, each with multiple tightly linked QTL (QTL clusters) associated with two to three yield components. The 7D QTL cluster was associated with grain yield, fertile spikelet number per spike, thousand kernel weight, and heading date. It was located in the flanking region of FT-D1, a homolog gene of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T, a major gene that regulates wheat flowering. Abstract Genetic manipulation of yield components is an important approach to increase grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The present study used a mapping population comprised of 181 doubled haploid lines derived from two high-yielding spring wheat cultivars, UI Platinum and LCS Star. The two cultivars and the derived population were assessed for six traits in eight field trials primarily in Idaho in the USA. The six traits were grain yield, fertile spikelet number per spike, productive tiller number per unit area, thousand kernel weight, heading date, and plant height. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis of the six traits was conducted using 14,236 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from the wheat 90 K SNP and the exome and promoter capture arrays. Of the 19 QTL detected, 14 were clustered in four chromosomal regions on 4A, 6A, 7B and 7D. Each of the four QTL clusters was associated with multiple yield component traits, and these traits were often negatively correlated with one another. As a result, additional QTL dissection studies are needed to optimize trade-offs among yield component traits for specific production environments. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers for the four QTL clusters were developed and assessed in an elite spring wheat panel of 170 lines, and eight of the 14 QTL were validated. The two parents contain complementary alleles for the four QTL clusters, suggesting the possibility of improving grain yield via genetic recombination of yield component loci.

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Peningkatan Komponen Hasil dan Mutu Benih Dua Varietas Okra melalui Penjarangan Buah

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v47i3.27196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

Prajna Jaya Perwira ◽

Tatiek Kartika Suharsi ◽

Dan Muhamad Syukur

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Yield Component ◽

Testing Laboratory ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Seed Testing ◽

Two Factors

The fruit thinning treatment is known to be able to improve seed quality. This research aimed to increase the yield component and seed quality on two okra varieties (Naila and Zahira) through fruit thinning. This experiment was conducted in May until September 2018 at the Leuwikopo IPB Field, Postharvest Laboratory, and Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This experiment conducted using the two-factors nested design, which is a fruit thinning factor as subplots consisting of five levels and okra varieties consisting of two levels. The results showed that the fruit thinning factor influenced the parameters of yield components (fruit length and weight per fruit) and 1,000 seeds weight. The variety factor influenced most of the yield component parameters and seed quality in okra plants. The thinning treatment of the first two fruits and elimination of one fruit interval resulted in the highest physical quality of seed based on 1,000 seeds weight (67.99 g). Keywords: 1,000 seed weight, physical quality

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Effect of Nitrogen Rates and Leaf Clipping on Forage and Grain Yield, and Seed Quality of Transplant Aman Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v23i2.48247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Banani Karmaker ◽

Biswajit Karmakar

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Wet Season ◽

Leaf Clipping ◽

Vigour Index ◽

Food Grain ◽

N Rates

Sustainable fodder production is difficult from limited cultivable land occupied for food grain production. This paper presents the results of the experiment designed to test the hypothesis that forage could be produced along rice grain from the same rice field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of N-rates and leaf clipping on forage and grain yield; and seed quality of transplant Aman (wet season) rice. Four nitrogen (N) rates (N1=46, N2=69, N3=92 and N4=115 kg N ha-1) and four times of leaf clipping viz, C0=No leaf clipping, C1=leaf clipping at 25 DAT (Days after transplanting), C2=40 and C3=55 DAT were evaluated following split-plot design with three replications. BRRI dhan41 was used in the experiment. N rates, leaf clipping times and its interaction had significant effects on forage and grain yield, yield components and seed quality except thousand grain weight. The results revealed that forage yield increased with increasing N rates and leaf clipping times. Grain yield was higher in higher N rates and early leaf clippings, however, it was decreased in the late clipping (55 DAT). The highest mean grain yield (5.25 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of 115 kg N ha-1 (N4) and no leaf clipping (N4C0) which was statistically similar (5.18 t ha-1) to N3C0 (5.18 t ha-1), N3C1 (5.10 t ha-1) and N4C1 (5.06 t ha-1). The lowest mean grain yield (3.17 t ha-1) was obtained from N1C3. Grain yield was reduced by 3, 6 and 24% in C1, C2 and C3, respectively compared to C0 (No leaf clipping). Qualitative characters (germination and vigour index) of seed increased with increased N rates, however it decreased in the delayed leaf cuttings. Application of 92 to 115 kg N ha-1 with early leaf clipping (25 to 40 DAT) might be allowed to attain moderate forage yield, higher grain yield, and quality seed of transplant Aman rice. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 49-57

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Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4250 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Shahnaj Yesmina ◽

Moushumi Akhtarb ◽

Belal Hossain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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Epistasis for Three Grain Yield Components in Rice (Oryxa sativa L.)

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/145.2.453 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 453-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhikang Li ◽

Shannon R M Pinson ◽

William D Park ◽

Andrew H Paterson ◽

James W Stansel

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Yield Components ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Progeny Testing ◽

Grain Yield Components ◽

Main Effects ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

The genetic basis for three grain yield components of rice, 1000 kernel weight (KW), grain number per panicle (GN), and grain weight per panicle (GWP), was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and F4 progeny testing from a cross between rice subspecies japonica (cultivar Lemont from USA) and indica (cv. Teqing from China). Following identification of 19 QTL affecting these traits, we investigated the role of epistasis in genetic control of these phenotypes. Among 63 markers distributed throughout the genome that appeared to be involved in 79 highly significant (P < 0.001) interactions, most (46 or 73%) did not appear to have “main” effects on the relevant traits, but influenced the trait(s) predominantly through interactions. These results indicate that epistasis is an important genetic basis for complex traits such as yield components, especially traits of low heritability such as GN and GWP. The identification of epistatic loci is an important step toward resolution of discrepancies between quantitative trait loci mapping and classical genetic dogma, contributes to better understanding of the persistence of quantitative genetic variation in populations, and impels reconsideration of optimal mapping methodology and marker-assisted breeding strategies for improvement of complex traits.

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Management of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) with early seeding dates and high seeding rates

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps08150 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 763-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W E May ◽

S J Shirtliffe ◽

D W McAndrew ◽

C B Holzapfel ◽

G P Lafond

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Test Weight ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Grain Yield And Quality ◽

Oat Biomass ◽

Density Treatment

Traditionally, farmers have delayed seeding to manage wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in tame oat (Avena sativa L.) crops, but this practice can adversely affect grain yield and quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of using high seeding rates with early-seeded oat to maintain grain yield and quality, and (2) to determine an optimum seeding rate to manage wild oat and maximize grain yield and quality. The factors of interest were wild oat density (low and high density), seeding date (early May, mid May, early June and mid June), and tame oat seeding rate (150, 250, 350 and 450 viable seeds m-2). The study was conducted at Indian Head and Saskatoon, SK, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, at Winnipeg, MB, in 2002, and at Morden, MB, in 2003 and 2004. Wild oat biomass, wild oat panicle density and wild oat seed in the harvested sample decreased as seeding rate increased, while tame oat biomass and grain yield increased. Wild oat density ranged between 0 and 100 plants m-2 with averages of 10 plants m-2 in the low density treatment and 27 plants m-2 in the high density treatment. At low seeding rates, grain yield decreased with increasing wild oat density. The difference in grain yield between the two wild oat densities decreased as the seeding rate increased. There was a curvilinear decrease in grain yield as seeding was delayed. A seeding date × seeding rate interaction was noted for test weight, plump seed, thin seed and groat yield. Seed quality improved as seeding rate increased for only the mid-June seeding date. Even though the mid-June test weight increased as the seeding rate increased it was always lower than the early May test weight at any seeding rate. The results from this study established that in the presence of wild oats, early seeding of tame oat is possible providing high seeding rates, 350 plants m-2 are used.Key words: Wild oat competition, wild oat density, wild oat biomass, grain yield, grain quality

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Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4319832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faruk TOKLU

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Yield Component ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

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Mid-parent advantage and heterosis in F1 hybrids of wheat from crosses among old and modern varieties

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005334 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 130 (3) ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. L. MORGAN

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Field Trials ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Weight ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Heterosis ◽

Modern Varieties

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids of wheat and their parents were grown in field trials at Trumpington, Cambridge during 1986/87 and 1987/88. They were derived from crosses between seven ‘modern’ varieties, used as female parents, and either two ‘old’ (Squareheads Master and Partridge) or two ‘modern’ varieties (Bert and Motto), which were used as male parents. Grain yield, yield components, biomass and height were determined. The male parents were chosen to provide contrasting phenotypes and genetic backgrounds for the F1 hybrids. Mid-parent advantage, the increase of a hybrid for a given character above the mean of its parents, and heterosis, the increase of a hybrid above the ‘better’ parent for that character, were calculated. Most F1 hybrids showed mid-parent advantage for the characters studied. This tended to be greatest for hybrids derived from parents with the largest phenotypic differences in that character. In contrast, where heterosis occurred it tended to be greatest where the phenotypic difference between the parents was least. This suggests that the beneficial effects of hybridization, resulting from the dispersion of dominant genes between the parents, was insufficient to overcome the detrimental effects of other genes present where the ‘less good’ parent was substantially lower than the ‘better’ parent. Hybrids derived from the ‘modern’ male parents had greater heterosis for grain yield and mean grain weight than those from the ‘old’ parents. Of the yield components, positive heterosis for mean grain weight resulted in heavier seeds and was the most important yield component in determining heterosis in grain yield. Heterosis for the number of grains/ear was small or did not differ significantly from zero while number of ears/m2 showed negative heterosis resulting in fewer ears/m2 in the hybrids.

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