Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazametha benz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F2 plants, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F2:3 families. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. Key words: Wild oat, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, genetics of resistance, multiple resistance

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Patch Management of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-04-222r.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Linda M. Hall ◽

Barclay Schuba

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping System ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

Over Time

A study was conducted at a 64-ha site in western Canada to determine how preventing seed shed from herbicide-resistant wild oat affects patch expansion over a 6-yr period. Seed shed was prevented in two patches and allowed to occur in two patches (nontreated controls). Annual patch expansion was determined by seed bank sampling and mapping. Crop management practices were performed by the grower. Area of treated patches increased by 35% over the 6-yr period, whereas nontreated patches increased by 330%. Patch expansion was attributed mainly to natural seed dispersal (nontreated) or seed movement by equipment at time of seeding (nontreated and treated). Extensive seed shed from plants in nontreated patches before harvest or control of resistant plants by alternative herbicides minimized seed movement by the combine harvester. Although both treated and nontreated patches were relatively stable over time in this cropping system, preventing seed production and shed in herbicide-resistant wild oat patches can markedly slow the rate of patch expansion.

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Inheritance of resistance to diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in two Avena sativa × A. fatua populations

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps95-013 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Solomon Kibite ◽

K. N. Harker ◽

P. D. Brown

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Gene Action ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Western Canada ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Or Groups ◽

Number Of Genes

Since the late 1980s, several reports of herbicide-resistant wild oat have raised concern about potential weed control problems in western Canada. This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance, number of genes and type of gene action governing herbicide resistance in two Avena sativa × A. fatua crosses. The herbicide-susceptible A. sativa cultivars, Random and Derby, were crossed with a resistant A. fatua genotype, GP-HR-01. Parents, F2s and F2:3 families were tested for their reactions to two post-emergent wild oat herbicides, diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, in the greenhouse. Inheritance of resistance to diclofop-methyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was dominant and monogenic in the Derby/GP-HR-01 cross, but was controlled by two dominant complementary genes in the Random/GP-HR-01 cross. Resistance to both herbicides appeared to be controlled by the same genes or groups of tightly linked genes. Key words:Avena sativa, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, weed (genetics), diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl

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Inheritance of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitor Resistance in Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081121 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Bruce G. Murray ◽

Ian N. Morrison ◽

Anita L. Brûlé-Babel

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Gene ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Reciprocal Crosses ◽

Characteristic Response ◽

Wide Range ◽

Segregation Ratios ◽

In The Wild ◽

Inhibitor Resistance

Resistance to fenoxaprop-P and other aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides in the wild oat population, UM1, is controlled by a single, partially dominant, nuclear gene. In arriving at this conclusion, parents, F1hybrids, and F2plants derived from reciprocal crosses between UM1 and a susceptible wild oat line, UM5, were treated with fenoxaprop-P over a wide range of dosages. Based on these experiments, a dosage of 400 g ai ha−1fenoxaprop-P was selected to discriminate between three response types. At this dosage, susceptible plants were killed and resistant plants were unaffected, whereas plants characterized as intermediate in response were injured but recovered. Treated F2plants segregated in a 1:2:1 (R, I, S) ratio, indicative of single nuclear gene inheritance. This was confirmed by selfing F2plants and screening several F3families. Families derived from intermediate F2plants segregated for the three characteristic response types, whereas those derived from resistant F2plants were uniformly resistant. Chisquare analysis indicated the F2segregation ratios fit those expected for a single partially dominant nuclear gene system. In addition, F2populations from both crosses were screened with a mixture of fenoxaprop-Pand sethoxydim. The dosages of both herbicides (150 g ai ha−1fenoxaprop-P and 100 g ha−1sethoxydim) were sufficient to control only susceptible plants. Treated F2populations segregated in a 3:1 (R:S) pattern, thereby confirming that resistance to the two chemically unrelated herbicides results from the same gene alteration.

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Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biotypes resistant to acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors in Poland

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/177/2013-pse ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 432-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Adamczewski ◽

R. Kierzek ◽

K. Matysiak

Keyword(s):

Resistance Index ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Site Mutation ◽

Metabolic Resistance ◽

Mechanism Of Resistance ◽

And Control

The aim of the study was to collect seeds of wild oat from the fields where, in spite of the applied herbicides, the weed is very poorly controlled, and to determine under greenhouse conditions if any resistant biotypes are present. In the years 2008–2011, 34 samples of wild oat were collected from fields where the weed was poorly controlled. The biotypes were analyzed in greenhouse experiments to determine if they are resistant to herbicides. Among five resistant biotypes three of them (R3, R4 and R5) were resistant only to iodosulfuron and mesosulfuron, and biotype R2 – only to propoxycarbazone-sodium. Biotype R1 exhibited multiple resistance to iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron and pinoxaden. The use of sulfometuron proves that the mechanism of resistance of two biotypes of wild oat (R1 and R4) to acetolactate synthase inhibitors is associated with target-site mutation. The curve of biotypes R3 and R5 controlled with iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron shows a relatively low resistance index and control of those biotypes with sulfometuron indicates a metabolic resistance.

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Influence of tillage, vertical seed distribution, and pyroxasulfone application timing and rate on control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2017-0199 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 601-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy R. Mangin ◽

Linda M. Hall ◽

Jeff J. Schoenau ◽

Hugh J. Beckie

Keyword(s):

Avena Fatua ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Application Timing ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Oat Seeds ◽

Tillage System ◽

Seed Distribution ◽

Oat Biomass

Tillage and new herbicide options may be necessary for the control of herbicide-resistant wild oat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides such as pyroxasulfone can be influenced by edaphic factors and weed seed recruitment depth, which varies with tillage system. We investigated the effect of tillage and pyroxasulfone rate when applied in the fall and spring on wild oat biomass at three locations in Alberta in 2014–2015. The vertical position of wild oat seeds, with and without tillage, was examined at each site. Wild oat biomass was greater in untilled plots compared with plots with fall tillage at all locations. In two out of three locations, pyroxasulfone efficacy was superior when applied in the fall compared with spring, possibly influenced by low spring rainfall. A single tillage pass at the Edmonton and Kinsella locations did not affect wild oat seed distribution, but there was an increase in seeds present in the surface layer in the untilled treatment at Lacombe. Tillage, used in combination with soil-applied herbicides, may be an option to achieve acceptable control of herbicide-resistant wild oat.

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Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-124 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 1245-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Breanne D. Tidemann ◽

Linda M. Hall ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Ken L. Sapsford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Management ◽

Similar Efficacy ◽

Field Trials ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Species ◽

Rate Selection ◽

Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

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Basis for Herbicide Resistance in Canadian Populations of Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-11-00110.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Suzanne I. Warwick ◽

Connie A. Sauder

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Target Site ◽

Northern Great Plains ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Site Mutation ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Als Inhibitors ◽

Als Inhibitor

Wild oat is the second-most abundant, but most economically important, weed across the Canadian Prairies of western Canada. Despite the serious economic effects of resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) or acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors or both in this weed throughout the Northern Great Plains of North America, little research has examined the basis for herbicide resistance. We investigated target-site and nontarget-site mechanisms conferring ACC- and ALS-inhibitor resistance in 16 wild oat populations from across western Canada (four ACC-inhibitor resistant, four ALS-inhibitor resistant, and eight ACC- and ALS-inhibitor resistant). TheACC1mutations were found in 8 of the 12 ACC inhibitor-resistant populations. The Ile1781Leu mutation was detected in three populations, the Trp2027Cys and Asp2078Gly mutations were in two populations each, and the Trp1999Cys, Ile2041Asn, Cys2088Arg, and Gly2096Ser substitutions were in one population each. Three populations had twoACC1mutations. Only 2 of the 12 ALS inhibitor-resistant populations had anALStarget-site mutation—Ser653Thr and Ser653Asn substitutions. This is the first global report ofALStarget-site mutations inAvenaspp. and four previously undocumentedACC1mutations in wild oat. Based on these molecular analyses, seedlings of five ACC + ALS inhibitor-resistant populations (one with anACC1mutation; four with noACCorALSmutations) were treated with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, followed by application of one of four ACC- or ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Malathion treatment often resulted in control or suppression of these populations, suggesting involvement of this enzyme system in contributing to resistance to both ACC and ALS inhibitors.

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Characterization of Wild Oat (Avena fatuaL.) Populations and an Inbred Line with Multiple Herbicide Resistance

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500094819 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 847-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Anthony J. Kern ◽

Corey T. Colliver ◽

Bruce D. Maxwell ◽

Peter K. Fay ◽

William E. Dyer

Keyword(s):

Inbred Line ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Dose Response ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Repeated Use ◽

Sufficient Magnitude ◽

Multiple Herbicide Resistance

Repeated use of the preemergence herbicide triallate has selected for wild oat populations that are resistant (R) to field use rates. Field collections and an inbred R line were shown in greenhouse and petri dish dose response experiments to be 6- to 20-fold more tolerant to triallate than susceptible (S) lines. R populations and the inbred line were also resistant (8-fold) to the related thiocarbamate herbicide diallate, as well as to the chemically unrelated postemergence herbicide difenzoquat (60-fold).14C-triallate uptake and translocation patterns were similar between R and S lines for the first 24 h after application. However, translocation of radioactivity was more rapid in S lines than R lines from 24 through 60 h after application.14C-difenzoquat uptake was the same in R and S lines 12 h after application, but was 10 to 20% higher in R lines than S lines by 24 through 96 h after application. Similarly, translocation of radioactivity after14C-difenzoquat application was 7 to 14% greater in R than S lines after 12 h, although translocated radioactivity amounts were not significantly different between R and S lines. The relatively minor differences in triallate and difenzoquat uptake and translocation patterns between R and S lines are most likely not of sufficient magnitude to explain the observed resistance levels.

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Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.79 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

Dilshan Benaragama ◽

William E. May ◽

Robert H. Gulden ◽

Christian J. Willenborg

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Western Canada ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Crop Species ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Galium Spurium

Abstract Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium) are currently a challenge to manage in less competitive crops such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Increasing the functional diversity in crop rotations can be an option to improve weed management. Nonetheless, this strategy is not tested in flax in Western Canada. A 5-yr (2015-2019) crop rotation study was carried at three locations in western Canada to determine the effect of diverse flax-based crop rotations with differences in crop species, crop life cycles, harvesting time and reduced herbicides on managing A. fatua and G. spurium. The perennial rotation (flax-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under reduced herbicide use was found to be the most consistent cropping system, providing similar A. fatua and G. spurium control to the conventional annual flax crop rotation[flax-barley (Hordium vulgare L.)-flax-oat (Avena sativa L.)-flax] with standard herbicides. At Carman, this alfalfa rotation provided even better weed control (80% A. fatua, 75% G. spurium) than the conventional rotation. Furthermore, a greater A. fatua control was identified compared to conventional rotation where two consecutive winter cereal crops were grown successfully in rotation (flax-barley-winter triticale (x Triticosecale ex A. Camus)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-flax), greater A. fatua control was observed compared to the conventional crop rotation under standard herbicides. Incorporation of silage oat crops did not show consistent management benefits compared to the perennial alfalfa rotation but were generally similar to the conventional rotation with standard herbicides. The results showed that perennial alfalfa in the rotation minimized G. spurium and A. fatua in flax cropping systems, followed by rotations with two consecutive winter cereal crops.

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