Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

Weed Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
William E. May ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Galium Spurium

Abstract Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium) are currently a challenge to manage in less competitive crops such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Increasing the functional diversity in crop rotations can be an option to improve weed management. Nonetheless, this strategy is not tested in flax in Western Canada. A 5-yr (2015-2019) crop rotation study was carried at three locations in western Canada to determine the effect of diverse flax-based crop rotations with differences in crop species, crop life cycles, harvesting time and reduced herbicides on managing A. fatua and G. spurium. The perennial rotation (flax-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under reduced herbicide use was found to be the most consistent cropping system, providing similar A. fatua and G. spurium control to the conventional annual flax crop rotation[flax-barley (Hordium vulgare L.)-flax-oat (Avena sativa L.)-flax] with standard herbicides. At Carman, this alfalfa rotation provided even better weed control (80% A. fatua, 75% G. spurium) than the conventional rotation. Furthermore, a greater A. fatua control was identified compared to conventional rotation where two consecutive winter cereal crops were grown successfully in rotation (flax-barley-winter triticale (x Triticosecale ex A. Camus)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-flax), greater A. fatua control was observed compared to the conventional crop rotation under standard herbicides. Incorporation of silage oat crops did not show consistent management benefits compared to the perennial alfalfa rotation but were generally similar to the conventional rotation with standard herbicides. The results showed that perennial alfalfa in the rotation minimized G. spurium and A. fatua in flax cropping systems, followed by rotations with two consecutive winter cereal crops.

Adaptation for herbicide tolerance in populations of Avena fatua

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Treatment

A study was conducted to determine whether recurrent treatment of wild oat populations with triallate results in increased tolerance of this herbicide. Among several parameters of seedling growth investigated, percentage emergence, seedling survival, and length of the first leaf were found to be most useful in assessing response to this compound. The results revealed a substantial within-population variability for tolerance. Evidence is presented that recurrent herbicide treatment of wild oat populations by the methods commonly used in the control of this weed species in western Canada results in increased tolerance of triallate.

scholarly journals Effect of mancozeb on the control of mycosphaerella blight of field pea

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
A. G. Xue ◽  
D. W. McAndrew
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Plot Design

Mycosphaerella blight (MB) [Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Blox.)Vestergr.] causes substantial yield loss to field pea in western Canada in most seasons and is a disease for which genetic resistance is lacking. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar application of mancozeb for the control of MB of field pea. Field trials of split-plot design were conducted at two sites per year from 1996 to 1998 in southern Manitoba, with cultivars as main-plots and fungicide treatments as sub-plots. In most site-years, a single application of mancozeb at the early flowering stage was effective in reducing MB severity and in increasing yield. Mancozeb had similar efficacy to chlorothalonil, the only currently registered fungicide for control of MB in field pea. The beneficial effect of both fungicides was greater for the highly MB susceptible cultivars AC Tamor and Carrera than the moderately MB susceptible cultivar Radley. Key words: Pisum sativum, field pea, mycosphaerella blight, mancozeb, chlorothalonil

Basis for Interactions of Ethofumesate1and Desmedipham on Sugarbeets and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
R.L. Zimdahl ◽  
E.E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Brassica Kaber

A synergistic interaction occurred when sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono-Hy Al’) were treated with mixtures of ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulphonate) and desmedipham [ethylm-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)]. Depending on the stage of weed growth synergistic interactions were also observed on two weed species: wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler ‘pinnatifida’ (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.). Desmedipham penetrated the foliage more slowly than did ethofumesate. The rate of desmedipham penetration was positively correlated with the concentration of its formulants (solvents and adjuvants) in the spraying emulsion, and to a lesser extent with the formulants of ethofumesate. Increasing the spray volume also increased desmedipham penetration. None of these factors affected penetration by ethofumesate.14C-labeled ethofumesate and desmedipham did not translocate out of treated leaves regardless of the concentration of formulants or active ingredients. These data suggest that the synergistic interaction is mainly due to the increased penetration by desmedipham when applied with ethofumesate.

scholarly journals Control of Rhizoctonia solani in Sugar Beet and Effect of Fungicide Application and Plant Cultivar on Inoculum Potential in the Soil

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Bartholomäus ◽  
Stefan Mittler ◽  
Bernward Märländer ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Fungicide Application

Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2 IIIB) is the causal agent of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot, a disease that causes severe economic problems in sugar beet growing areas worldwide. In the United States, azoxystrobin is the most important active ingredient for fungicidal control of R. solani in sugar beet, showing efficacy superior to other substances. First reports on resistance development in R. solani, however, underline the importance of a careful fungicide resistance management. For this reason, the efficacy of a new fungicide mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole was compared with a fungicide containing only azoxystrobin. Field trials were carried out under natural infection conditions as well as with inoculation in the years 2012, 2013, and 2014. Evaluation of the disease severity and the obtained white sugar yield of different sugar beet cultivars demonstrated that both fungicide treatments possess a similar efficacy, reducing the diseased beet surface by up to 78% and preventing yield losses. Additionally, a real-time PCR assay, based on DNA extracts from representative soil samples (250 g), was used to directly determine the effect of chemical treatment and plant cultivar on the soil-borne inoculum. Fungicide application significantly reduced the concentration of soil-borne inoculum by up to 97%. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the cultivation of a susceptible cultivar significantly increases the concentration of R. solani in the soil by a factor of 200. In conclusion, the study implies that only a combination of resistant cultivar and fungicide application can prevent an accumulation of R. solani inoculum under conducive conditions in infested fields.

PLACEMENT OF DI-ALLATE AND TRI-ALLATE FOR CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN WHEAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Molberg ◽  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
E. V. McCurdy ◽  
R. D. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Seeding Method

Two years of field trials at a number of sites in Western Canada showed that selective control of wild oats in wheat with di-allate or tri-allate was feasible if the seed was planted 3 in. deep and the chemicals incorporated shallowly after seeding. The most reliable and practical means of achieving this placement of the chemical was by harrowing immediately after application. Harrowing twice resulted in slightly better wild oat control than harrowing once, but this did not increase crop yields. At one site, in 1962, under conditions of excessive moisture and late seeding, there was severe injury to wheat. However, even here the injury was less with the post-seeding than with the pre-seeding method. There was some evidence that wheat was more tolerant to tri-allate than di-allate. Pre-seeding incorporation with the disk gave slightly better weed control than post-seeding incorporation with a double harrow, but again differences were not great enough to affect yield.

Inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn D Karlowsky ◽  
Anita L Brûlé-Babel ◽  
Lyle F Friesen ◽  
Rene C Van Acker ◽  
Gary H Crow
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Resistance Genetics ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance

To gain some insight into the surprisingly frequent occurrence of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat in western Canada, the inheritance of multiple herbicide resistance was studied in two wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations, UMWO12-01 and UMWO12-03, from Manitoba, Canada. Both populations are resistant to each of three distinct herbicides, imazametha benz-methyl, flamprop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (hereafter referred to as imazamethabenz, flamprop, and fenoxaprop-P, respectively). Crosses were made between each resistant (R) population and a susceptible (S) wild oat population (UM5) (R/S crosses), and between the two resistant populations (R/R crosses). Subsets of parental, F2 plants, and F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families were treated separately with each of the three herbicides and classified as R or S for individual plants, and homozygous R, segregating, or homozygous S for F2:3 families. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/S crosses segregated in 3R:1S and 1 homozygous R:2 segregating:1 homozygous S ratios, respectively. These ratios indicate that a single dominant or semi-dominant nuclear gene controls resistance to each of these herbicides in each population. F2 plants and F2:3 families from R/R crosses segregated for resistance/susceptibility when treated with either imazamethabenz or flamprop. Therefore, the genes for resistance to these two herbicides are different in each R population. Individual F2:3 family response demonstrated that the genes were not independent of each other, indicating possible linkage between the genes for resistance to each herbicide. Genetic linkage could explain how the wild oat populations developed multiple resistance in the absence of selection by two of the herbicides, imazamethabenz and flamprop. Key words: Wild oat, Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, genetics of resistance, multiple resistance

Suitability of Wild Oat (Avena fatua), False Cleavers (Galium spurium), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) for Harvest Weed Seed Control in Western Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Galium Spurium

As chemical management options for weeds become increasingly limited due to selection for herbicide resistance, investigation of additional nonchemical tools becomes necessary. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) is a methodology of weed management that targets and destroys weed seeds that are otherwise dispersed by harvesters following threshing. It is not known whether problem weeds in western Canada retain their seeds in sufficient quantities until harvest at a height suitable for collection. A study was conducted at three sites over 2 yr to determine whether retention and height criteria were met by wild oat, false cleavers, and volunteer canola. Wild oat consistently shed seeds early, but seed retention was variable, averaging 56% at the time of wheat swathing, with continued losses until direct harvest of wheat and fababean. The majority of retained seeds were >45 cm above ground level, suitable for collection. Cleavers seed retention was highly variable by site-year, but generally greater than wild oat. The majority of seed was retained >15 cm above ground level and would be considered collectable. Canola seed typically had >95% retention, with the majority of seed retained >15 cm above ground level. The suitability ranking of the species for management with HWSC was canola>cleavers>wild oat. Efficacy of HWSC systems in western Canada will depend on the target species and site- and year-specific environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Economics of Pronamide and Pendimethalin Use in Weed Management during Artichoke Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Haar ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Cheryl L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential economic impact of the loss of pronamide herbicide to artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) growers, and to evaluate pendimethalin as an alternative herbicide during establishment of artichoke. Two rates of pronamide and one rate of pendimethalin were applied to perennial and annual artichokes. With the exception of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), pendimethalin controlled weeds as well as or better than pronamide. Financial analysis of treatment effects was based on weed management expenses and value of yield. The financial effect of using pronamide in perennial artichoke ranged from a loss of $247 to a gain of $326 per ha, whereas its use in annual artichoke increased revenue $542 to $5499 per ha. The effects on revenue of using pendimethalin varied with weed species composition and density. For three sites, revenue increased from $267 to $5056 per ha, while a loss of $1034 per ha occurred at a site with a heavy infestation of wild oat. We conclude that pendimethalin has potential as a pronamide replacement, or as a complement to pronamide. Chemical names used: 3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

Response of wild oat (Avena fatua) to residual and non-residual herbicides in canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
F. A. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Residual Herbicide

It has been stated that soil residual herbicides, by controlling successive flushes of weeds, increase effective kill (efficacy) over the growing season, and thus impose a higher selection pressure for resistance in weeds than non-residual herbicides. To investigate this issue, the responses of wild oat to increasing rates of residual and non-residual herbicides in canola and wild oat recruitment in the following year were examined in a field study conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1997 to 2000. The rate-response curves of the wild oat variables indicated that efficacy of the soil residual herbicides, ethalfluralin and triallate, and of the non-residual herbicide, glufosinate, was generally lower than that of imazamox/imazethapyr (residual), sethoxydim, and glyphosate (non-residual). Emergence of wild oat in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the following year did not differ among herbicides applied in the preceding crop year, nor was there a significant herbicide by rate interaction. The results suggest that the soil residual activity o f these herbicides does not strongly influence selection pressure, estimated by reduction in wild oat seed return in canola. Key words: Brassica napus, Avena fatua, selection pressure, herbicide resistance

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