Field and producer survey of ACCase resistant wild oat in Manitoba

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bourgeois ◽  
Ian N. Morrison ◽  
David Kelner
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Resistance Assessment ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Weed Survey ◽  
Group 1

In a previous study, 729 townships in Manitoba were differentiated as being at low, medium, or high risk of evolving wild oat resistant to Group 1 herbicides based on herbicide use histories from 1981 to 1993. In the present study, 16 townships representing the three risk categories were surveyed in 1994 in order to determine the percentage of resistant wild oat patches. As well, a questionnaire was mailed to farmers in these townships requesting information on practices and attitudes relating to herbicide resistance. The wild oat survey consisted of sampling seed from conspicuous wild oat patches visible from north-south roads in each township. A total of 533 samples were collected and screened with fenoxaprop-P and sethoxydim using a bioassay. An average of eight resistant wild oat patches was found in the high risk townships. This was significantly higher than in low and medium risk townships where an average of less than one resistant wild oat patch per township was detected. The attitude of producers towards herbicide resistance was similar in all risk categories. However, the number of respondents suspecting Group 1 resistance on their farms was related to risk categories with producers in high risk areas suspecting the most cases of resistance. Key words: Weed survey, resistance assessment, wild oat, ACCase inhibitors

A survey of ACCase inhibitor resistant wild oat in a high risk township in Manitoba

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bourgeois ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Bioassay Procedure ◽  
Resistance Assessment ◽  
Cereal Fields ◽  
Weed Survey ◽  
Group 1

A survey was conducted in a township near Treherne, Manitoba to determine the frequency of Group 1 resistant wild oat in 30 randomly selected cereal fields. On average, 61% of the 30 fields were sprayed annually with ACCase inhibitor (Group 1) herbicides from 1983 to 1993. Wild oat were sampled at 80-m intervals on a predefined grid pattern across whole fields. Wild oat densities were recorded and seeds were collected from 0.25 m−2 quadrats. Seeds were also collected from conspicuous wild oat patches occurring outside the spaced quadrats. Plants were determined to be susceptible or resistant to fenoxaprop-P and/or sethoxydim using a seed bioassay procedure. Results from the structured survey indicated that resistant wild oat occurred in nine fields. Densities in quadrats containing resistant wild oat were generally higher than in quadrats with susceptible wild oat. By combining the results of the structured survey with the patch collection, resistance was detected in 20 out of the 30 fields. While resistant weeds generally occurred in small patches, in two of the fields, resistant plants occurred over much larger areas. The evidence suggests that as many as two fields in three may harbour Group 1 resistant wild oat in high risk townships in Manitoba. Key words: Weed survey, resistance assessment, wild oat, ACCase inhibitors

Mapping risk areas for resistance to ACCase inhibitor herbicides in Manitoba

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bourgeois ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Swan River ◽  
The City ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ◽  
Group 1

Since 1976, seven acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (referred to as Group 1 herbicides) have been registered in western Canada for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.) control. In 1990, Group 1 resistant wild oat populations were identified from fields in Manitoba which had been repeatedly sprayed with these products during the previous 10 yr. Since the occurrence of resistance is directly related to the frequency of herbicide use, the purpose of this study was to compile herbicide use histories on a province-wide basis using data included in the Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation (MCIC) database. The database was used to determine the relative importance of Group 1 herbicide use in major crops compared with other products, and to identify individual townships at low, medium and high risk for developing Group 1 resistance. Low, medium and high risk townships were arbitrarily defined as those in which Group 1 products were used on less than 30%, on 30 to 50% and on more than 50% of the sprayed fields, respectively. From 1981 to 1993, Group 1 herbicide use increased from 15 to 50% of the sprayed area, and since 1990, these products have been used on one out of two sprayed fields on an annual basis, with the most intensive use in flax. In the early 1980s, fewer than 5% of the townships were at high risk. These were located near the towns of Swan River, Dauphin and Treherne, and the city of Winnipeg, which were the locations where Group 1 resistant wild oat and green foxtail were first identified. Between 1989 and 1993, more than 40% of the townships were considered to be at high risk. Should the trend toward increased use of Group 1 herbicides continue through the 1990s, the resistance problem will inevitably worsen. Key words: Herbicide use, selection, herbicide rotation

scholarly journals 1251 Risk Stratification in the Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Haemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Holden ◽  
G Wilson ◽  
M Daniel ◽  
R Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Local Guideline

Abstract Aim Tonsillectomy represents 17% of the elective workload in ENT and post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage is the most significant complication of this procedure. Accordingly, the GIRFT (Getting It Right First Time) report for ENT surgery focusses on the prevention of post-tonsillectomy bleeding. However, there is little guidance on the management of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage. A local guideline for the management of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage was introduced in 2020 based on expert consensus. This audit examines the management of patients readmitted with post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage in 2019 and compares this to the management suggested in the new guideline. Method Patients readmitted with post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage within 30 days of a tonsillectomy performed in 2019 were identified. These were retrospectively stratified into risk categories according to both patient and clinical factors. Management was audited against the new guideline including both the initial patient assessment and the treatment suggested for their respective risk category. Results Fifteen patients were identified and stratified into low, medium and high-risk categories. All patients in the “low risk” category were successfully treated conservatively. One patient from the “medium risk” category had a further bleed as an inpatient during the proposed period of observation in the new guideline and was thereafter treated as “high risk”. Within the “high risk” category two patients required return to theatre for arrest of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage. Conclusions These results show that the risk stratification proposed in these guidelines may be useful in the management of post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage. Amendments to the guideline and a re-audit are in progress.

scholarly journals Survey of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) in two townships in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Group 1

The nature and occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat in annual crops grown in the Grassland and Parkland regions of Saskatchewan were determined in a systematic survey of fields in two townships in 1997. The survey found that over one-half of fields in both townships had populations resistant to Group 1 [acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors], Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors], and/or Group 8 (e.g., triallate, difenzoquat) herbicides. Forty-three percent of fields in the Grassland township and 48% of fields in the Parkland township had Group 1-resistant (HR) wild oat; 30 and 17% of fields in the Grassland and Parkland township, respectively, had populations exhibiting Group 2 resistance, whereas about 15% of fields in both townships had Group 8-HR wild oat. Single- (Groups 1, 2, or 8) and multiple-group resistance (1, 2; 1, 8; 2, 8; 1, 2, 8) were exhibited in populations in fields in both townships. Frequency of occurrence of resistance was not generally affected by farm size. The nature of resistance in wild oat populations is more diverse, differences in distribution and abundance of HR wild oat biotypes between Grassland and Parkland regions are generally less apparent, and occurrence of resistance is more prevalent than documented previously. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, survey

Distribution and frequency of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena spp.) across the Western Australian grain belt

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechelle J. Owen ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Western Australian

In 2005, a random survey was conducted across 14 million hectares of the Western Australian grain belt to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena spp.) in cropping fields. In total, 677 cropping fields were visited, with wild oat populations collected from 150 fields. These wild oat populations were screened with several herbicides commonly used to control this weed. Most of the wild oat populations (71%) were found to contain individuals resistant to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide diclofop-methyl. Resistance to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was markedly lower. Herbicides of alternative modes of action were effective on all wild oat populations. Overall, wild oat resistance to diclofop-methyl was found to be widespread across the Western Australian grain belt, but resistance to other herbicides was relatively low. Therefore, through diversity in herbicide use and with cultural management, it is possible to maintain wild oat populations at a low level and/or minimise herbicide resistance evolution.

scholarly journals LO06: Development of practice recommendations for ED management of syncope by mixed methods

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S9
Author(s):  
V. Thiruganasambandamoorthy ◽  
M. Taljaard ◽  
N. Hudek ◽  
J. Brehaut ◽  
B. Ghaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) syncope management is extremely variable. We developed practice recommendations based on the validated Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) and outpatient cardiac monitoring strategy with physician input. Methods: We used a 2-step approach. Step-1: We pooled data from the derivation and validation prospective cohort studies (with adequate sample size) conducted at 11 Canadian sites (Sep 2010 to Apr 2018). Adults with syncope were enrolled excluding those with serious outcome identified during index ED evaluation. 30-day adjudicated serious outcomes were arrhythmic (arrhythmias, unknown cause of death) and non-arrhythmic (MI, structural heart disease, pulmonary embolism, hemorrhage)]. We compared the serious outcome proportion among risk categories using Cochran-Armitage test. Step-2: We conducted semi-structured interviews using observed risk to develop and refine the recommendations. We used purposive sampling of physicians involved in syncope care at 8 sites from Jun-Dec 2019 until theme saturation was reached. Two independent raters coded interviews using an inductive approach to identify themes; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Of the 8176 patients (mean age 54, 55% female), 293 (3.6%; 95%CI 3.2-4.0%) experienced 30-day serious outcomes; 0.4% deaths, 2.5% arrhythmic, 1.1% non-arrhythmic outcomes. The serious outcome proportion significantly increased from low to high-risk categories (p < 0.001; overall 0.6% to 27.7%; arrhythmic 0.2% to 17.3%; non-arrhythmic 0.4% to 5.9% respectively). C-statistic was 0.88 (95%CI0.86–0.90). Non-arrhythmia risk per day for the first 2 days was 0.5% for medium-risk, 2% for high-risk and very low thereafter. We recruited 31 physicians (14 ED, 7 cardiologists, 10 hospitalists/internists). 80% of physicians agreed that low risk patients can be discharged without specific follow-up with inconsistencies around length of ED observation. For cardiac monitoring of medium and high-risk, 64% indicated that they don't have access; 56% currently admit high-risk patients and an additional 20% agreed to this recommendation. A deeper exploration led to following refinement: discharge without specific follow-up for low-risk, a shared decision approach for medium-risk and short course of hospitalization for high-risk patients. Conclusion: The recommendations were developed (with online calculator) based on in-depth feedback from key stakeholders to improve uptake during implementation.

scholarly journals The ability of ADC measurements in the assessment of patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma based on three risk categories

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Shijia Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Fenghua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Group 1

Background Better selection of patients with intermediate and high-risk stage I endometrial carcinoma (EC) for lymphadenectomy has an important effect on the prognosis. Purpose To investigate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in the assessment of stage I EC patients based on three risk categories. Material and Methods We retrospectively studied 80 patients with EC and 28 cervical cancer patients with normal endometrium. 1.5-T conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (b = 0, 1000 s/mm2) were performed, and ADC values were calculated. Sixty-eight stage I EC patients were divided into three groups: low-risk EC (group 1); intermediate-risk EC (group 2); and high-risk EC (group 3). The remaining 12 EC patients were in stages II and III. Intraclass coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristics were used for statistical analysis. Results The mean ADC values ( × 10–3 mm2 /s) were 0.851 ± 0.131, 0.734 ± 0.108, and 0.710 ± 0.108 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Significant statistical differences were achieved for the three groups ( P = 0.0005). The mean ADC values of group 1 were significantly lower than those in group 2 + 3 (0.725 ± 0.106; P = 0.0001). For the prediction of groups 2 + 3, the area under the curve of 0.786 and the cut-off value of ≤ 0.742 were identified, with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 66.67%, 84.09%, and 73.53%, respectively. Conclusion ADC measurements may have the potential to select intermediate-risk and high-risk stage I EC patients for lymphadenectomy.

scholarly journals Penilaian Risiko Bencana Longsor di Wilayah Kabupaten Serang

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Heru Sri Naryanto ◽  
Qoriatu Zahro
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Risk Maps

Kabupaten Serang membutuhkan peta bahaya, peta kerentanan dan peta risiko bencana tanah longsor sebagai dasar dalam pengurangan risiko. Parameter dan bobot untuk pembuatan peta bahaya longsor adalah: kelerengan (50%), kondisi geologi (20%), curah hujan (15%) dan penggunaan lahan (15%). Zona bahaya tanah longsor tinggi di Kabupaten Serang terdapat di kecamatan-kecamatan Padarincang, Ciomas, Mancak, Anyar, Cinangka, Pulo Ampel dan Bojonegara. Pembuatan peta kerentanan digunakan kerentanan sosial dengan indikatornya adalah: kepadatan penduduk, rasio jenis kelamin, rasio kemiskinan, rasio orang cacat dan rasio kelompok umur. Peta risiko tanah longsor dibuat dengan mengoverlaykan dari peta bahaya tanah longsor dan peta kerentanan. Pembuatan peta bahaya, peta kerentanan dan peta risiko mengunakan teknik overlay atau tumpang tindih dengan software ArcGIS. Daerah berisiko rendah di Kabupaten Serang seluas 92.416 ha (63,6% dari seluruh luas Kabupaten Serang), berisiko sedang seluas 46.971 ha. (32,3%) dan yang berisiko tinggi 5.907 ha. (4,1%). Bila dilihat dari tingkatan kecamatan, 5 urutan teratas kecamatan yang memiliki luasan daerah berisiko tinggi terbesar adalah Kecamatan Anyar (1.498 ha), Pulo Ampel (1,082 ha), Bojonegara (1.019 ha), Baros (828,5 ha) dan Padarincang (561 ha). Peta bahaya, peta kerentanan dan peta risiko sangat dibutuhkan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Serang, selain sebagai acuan kegiatan pengurangan risiko bencana juga untuk penataan kawasan yang aman berkelanjutan. Serang District requires hazard maps, vulnerability maps and risk maps as a basis for reducing the risk of landslides. Parameters and weights for making landslide hazard maps are: slope (50%), geological conditions (20%), rainfall (15%) and land use (15%). High landslide hazard zones in Serang District are found in the sub-districts of Padarincang, Ciomas, Mancak, Anyar, Cinangka, Pulo Ampel and Bojonegara. Making a vulnerability map used social vulnerability with indicators: population density, sex ratio, poverty ratio, ratio of disabled people and ratio of age groups. Landslide risk maps are made by overlaying landslide hazard maps and vulnerability maps. Making hazard maps, vulnerability maps and risk maps using overlay techniques with ArcGIS software. Low-risk areas in Serang District covering 92,416 ha (63.6% of the total area of Serang Regency), medium risk of 46,971 ha. (32.3%) and high risk 5,907 ha. (4.1%). When viewed from the sub-district level, the top 5 sub-districts that have the largest high-risk areas are Anyar District (1,498 ha), Pulo Ampel (1,082 ha), Bojonegara (1,019 ha), Baros (828.5 ha) and Padarincang (561 ha ) Hazard maps, vulnerability maps and risk maps are urgently needed by the Serang District Government, in addition to being a reference for disaster risk reduction activities as well as for the sustainable arrangement of areas. 

Harmonization of the human resource audit in the field of international practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N.S. Bieliaieva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Talent Acquisition

The article explores the possibilities and problems of the process of harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice, taking into account the specifics of the market environment of Ukraine. The views of different authors on the problem of HR auditing were investigated. The idea was justified that the harmonization of accounting and financial reporting of economic entities is closely linked with the globalization of economic processes and the economy as a whole on a global scale, the processes of informatisation and digitalization of society, the same as for HR processes. During considering the concept of “HR audit” it should not be forgetting about the legislative component — HR audit is aimed, inter alia, at identifying violations with the law for timely management of weaknesses in the policy of the enterprise in the field of labor. Categorization of observations by impact of importance (high-risk, medium-risk, low-risk — categorization) was investigated; examples for high-risk observations (on the example of: workforce planning, service contract modalities) and medium-risk (on the example of: recruitment process governance, alignment of strategy and work plans, HR functional capacity in Country Offices, talent acquisition in Cos, recruitment processes in Cos, employee on-boarding, training and separation, national non-staff salary scales and pay adjustments, staffing and structure review exercises, social security transfers to service contracts, automation, information and data management, oversight of HR functions in Cos) are given in consideration with agreed actions of HRM and auditor. The ratings (satisfactory, partially satisfactory or unsatisfactory) of an HR audit that are part of the system of evaluating the adequacy of company’s audit risk management, control and governance processes were investigated. The point that the human resource auditing is something that many companies do annually, just as they audit their financial information (despite of their field of activity) is overlined in the article. The harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice is a process of unification of methods and principles of auditing in the form of standards is observed.

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

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