Molecular analysis of genetic variation among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Medicago ruthenica clones

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Medicago Ruthenica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Bridge Crossing ◽  
Simple Sequence

Medicago ruthenica (L.) Ledebour is an allogamous diploid (2n = 2x = 16) perennial indigenous to Siberia, Mongolia and Manchuria with a remarkable ability to survive mechanical and physiological stress. The possibility of hybridizing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and M. ruthenica is being investigated. The objective of the current research was to conduct a molecular assessment of genetic relatedness and inter- and intra-specific genetic variation in cultivated alfalfa (2n = 4x = 32) and M. ruthenica. Seventeen alfalfa clones, selected randomly from the broad-based population W10- AC3, and 17 agronomically superior M. ruthenica clones, tracing to 17 collection sites in Inner Mongolia, were studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Anchored Microsatellite Priming (AMSP), and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analyses of genomic DNA. Mean genetic distances (GD) within M. ruthenica and alfalfa clones were 0.5 and 0.56, respectively, based on RAPD/AMSP data, and 0.29 and 0.40, respectively, based on SSR data. Alfalfa and M. ruthenica were genetically distant (RAPD/AMSP GD = 0.73); however, this difference does not necessarily preclude the possibility of interspecific hybridization, although the use of techniques such as bridge crossing, embryo culture rescue and/or protoplast fusion may be necessary. Key words: Alfalfa, genetic resources, Medicago ruthenica, Medicago sativa, microsatellite, simple sequence

Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽  
M. J. M. Smulders ◽  
P. Arens ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA STEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BUXTON ◽  
G. C. MARTEN ◽  
J. S. HORNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

When normally harvested for hay, the basal portion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems is low in forage quality. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration of stems of perennial Medicago spp. could be identified and whether morphological and chemical traits were associated with variation in these characteristics of stems. The lower six nodes and internodes of stems and total herbage from 64 Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and five cultivars of field-grown plants were harvested twice when most plants were at the early seed-pod stage of maturity. Several morphological and growth traits were measured, and both stems and total herbage were evaluated for IVDDM and CP concentration. Covariant analysis was used to adjust in IVDDM and CP concentration of stems for differences in plant maturity. Significant variation for IVDDM and CP concentration in stems existed among the cultivars and among the accessions. Some accessions had significantly higher stem IVDDM or CP concentration than control cultivars. The M. sativa accession, PI 440496, had the fourth highest stem IVDDM and third highest stem CP, with concentrations of 374 and 79 g kg−1, respectively. The number of ridges on stems (stem shape) was significantly correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration with average correlation coefficients of 0.30 and 0.35, respectively. Cell-wall concentration and lignin concentration per unit cell wall of stems were both negatively correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration. Selection for improved nutritive value of stems may have potential for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa herbage.Key words: Alfalfa, forage quality, crude protein, in vitro digestibility, Medicago sativa L.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Characterization of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) for Improvement of Broodstock Management and Utilization

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Poh Chiang Chew ◽  
Annie Christianus ◽  
Jaapar M. Zudaidy ◽  
Md Yasin Ina-Salwany ◽  
Chou Min Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Geographical Regions

In this study, a mixture of Tor tambra and T. tambroides with unknown genetic background were collected from 11 localities in Malaysia for broodstock development and sperm cryo-banking. This study aims to assess the microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) variation, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, level of gene flow, population structure, genetic relatedness and their demographic aspects among these Tor populations, in addition to establishing their SSR profile by employing 22 SSR markers via fragment analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 181 samples (91 cryopreserved milt samples and 90 scale samples of live broodfish). Results showed the Tor spp. collection retained their genetic variation but exhibited excessive homozygosity among individuals within population. Moderate genetic differentiation was shown among the populations, with highly significant (p < 0.001) fixation indices (FST, FIS and FIT). A low gene flow over all loci (Nm 1.548) indicates little genetic variation transfer between populations. The genetic structures of all the populations were successfully resolved into four main clusters by an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram generated based on Nei’s genetic distances. The population structures based on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the Bayesian model also suggested four distinct clusters following geographical regions and eight closely related populations. This study provided a useful baseline reference for better genetic management and utilization of the Tor spp. stocks in their breeding and conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigation of genetic diversity, and relationships among a set of clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Batool Omran Theeb ◽  
Abdulkareem Jasim Hashim ◽  
Akeel Hussain Ali Al-Assi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Characteristic Banding ◽  
High Level

This study is an attempt to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among fourteen local isolate isolated from patients with Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) by using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Twelve universal primers used in this study produced 94 bands across fourteen isolates. Of these bands, 67 bands or 71.2% were polymorphic. The size of the amplified bands ranged between 100-2000 bp. The genetic polymorphism value of each primer was determined and ranged between 33-100%. In terms of unique banding patterns, determine the finger print for six isolates the most characteristic banding pattern was for the (AFU1, AFU2, AFU3, AFU4, AFU8 and AFU14) with primer (OP F-16 , OP I-06, OP F-16, OP X-01, OP X-01and OP A-06). Genetic distances ranged from 0.12419 to 0.64404 among A. fumigatus isolates. Cluster analyses were performed to construct a dendrogram among studied A. fumigatus isolates. The cluster analysis places most of the A.fumigatus isolates isolated from patient come from yhe same area into a close relation (subcluster) showing a high level of genetic relatedness and were distinct from isolates from another area (the other subcluster). Interestingly, a number of isolates originating from the same sources did form well defined groups, indicating association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the isolates. The information generated from this study can be used in the future for controlling of Aspergillosis programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variation for seed yield and its components in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations

Agronomie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo-Daniel Bolaños-Aguilar ◽  
Christian Huyghe ◽  
Bernadette Julier ◽  
Christian Ecalle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Euphytica ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
B. Julier ◽  
P. Guy ◽  
C. Castillo-Acuna ◽  
G. Caubel ◽  
C. Ecalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Genetic Relatedness of Pecan Cultivars Determined by Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 493b-493
Author(s):  
Yongling Xiao ◽  
Dong Young Shin ◽  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Cultivar Classification

Although pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an economically important nut and timber crop, little is known about the nature of genetic variation among pecan cultivars. In addition, the pedigree of many cultivars remains unknown or is questionable. In this study, the genomic DNA of 20 pecan cultivars were analyzed by RAPD, using 20 randomly selected oligoes as primers. Based on their genetic similarities derived from the RAPD data, the 20 pecan cultivars were classified into different groups. Pecan cultivars within the same group displayed very little genetic variation, whereas cultivars in different groups showed significant diversity. The putative origins for some pecan cultivars previously believed to have unknown pedigrees were also identified based on the RAPD data obtained. Results of this study provide information useful for pecan cultivar classification and parent selection in pecan breeding programs.

Genetic diversity and molecular markers of five snapper species

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Liu Chu-Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractIn order to protect and develop valuable snappers (Lutjanus spp.), genetic diversity and molecular markers of five species (Lutjanus vitta, L. fulvus, L. fulviflamma, L. sebae and L. stellatus) were detected and analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) techniques. The polymorphic loci ratio (P) (86.00–92.11%), the mean intraspecies genetic distances (D) (0.1775–0.3431) and the intraspecies genetic diversity indexes (Hi) (0.1022–0.1634) were calculated using the RAPD technique. The genetic diversities of L. fulviflamma and L. vitta were richest in terms of P, and D and Hi, respectively. The results of SSR showed that low effective numbers of alleles (1.7893–3.6591), medium average heterozygosities (0.332–0.676) and medium polymorphism information contents (PIC) (0.302–0.641) occurred in five species of snappers, indicating comparatively rich genetic diversity among these fish. Nine molecular markers in the products amplified by primers OPA8 and OPP10, and six molecular markers in 11 microsatellite loci were found to be useful as specific markers to identify five species of snappers. Two neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrograms based on the results of RAPD and SSR suggested that L. stellatus and L. sebae are closely related and clustered in one branch, with L. vitta, L. fulviflamma and L. fulvus in the other.

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