Influence of urea fertilization and urease inhibitor on the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass under conventional and zero tillage at two sites

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Banerjee ◽  
D. L. Burton ◽  
C. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil

Fertilizers are frequently used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and quality. Increasingly, microbial and enzyme inhibitors are being used to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen use. The assumption being made is that the impact of these compounds is short-term or localized and thus does not adversely impact soil quality. This study investigates the implications of urea fertilizer with and without urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT], conventional and zero tillage systems, and soil types on the soil biological characteristics including N mineralization. Microplot studies were conducted in clay loam and fine sandy loam soils in Manitoba. Soil type had a significant effect on the soil organic C but tillage did not have any significant effect. Soil microbial biomass C content ranged widely (131–1215 µg g−1 soil). The clay loam soil generally tended to contain higher biomass C than the sandy loam soil. The potential soil mineral N production (N0) was higher in clay loam soil (92.6 µg g−1 soil) than sandy loam soil (40.2 µg g−1 soil). Tillage systems, urea and urease inhibitor application had no significant impact on the soil biomass C, N0, arylsulfatase or acid and alkaline phosphatase content. At these sites considerable fluctuations occurred in the microbial and biochemical properties due to the variation of soil type. In general, these fluctuations were mainly related to soil organic matter and soil moisture content. Tillage system, urea with and without NBPT application did not contribute any notable impact on the soil biological properties reported in this study. Key words: Soil biological quality, soil type, urease inhibitor, conventional tillage, zero tillage

Long-term effect of residue return and fertilization on microbial biomass and community composition of a clay loam soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ZHANG ◽  
Q. GAO ◽  
S. XU ◽  
L. MA ◽  
C. TIAN
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYA field study was carried out to examine the response of microbial communities of a clay loam soil to long-term (30 years) effects of residue return and fertilization. The experimental design was a split-plot arrangement of treatments, consisting of three residue treatments (crop residues returned at rates of 0, 2500 and 5000 kg/ha) in combination with eight fertilization treatments (control, no fertilizer; N, mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer; P, mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer; K, mineral potassium (K) fertilizer; NP, mineral NP fertilizer; NK, mineral NK fertilizer; PK, mineral PK fertilizer; and NPK, mineral NPK fertilizer). Soil microbial communities were characterized by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Results indicated that the more crop residues were returned, the lower ratio of fungi to bacteria was observed. However, soil microbial biomass was only found to be significantly higher in plots with residues returned at a rate of 5000 kg/ha but not 2500 kg/ha. This suggested there was a threshold for microbial biomass to increase under residue return for the clay loam soil studied. The fertilization effect on soil microbial biomass gradually decreased with increases in the amount of crop residues returned. A significant composition change was observed under N fertilization. Structural equation modelling indicated that soil microbial communities were influenced directly by residue return and indirectly by residue-induced change in ratio of carbon to N and fertilization-induced change in soil pH.

scholarly journals Strain, Soil-Type, Irrigation Regimen, and Poultry Litter Influence Salmonella Survival and Die-off in Agricultural Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron A. Bardsley ◽  
Daniel L. Weller ◽  
David T. Ingram ◽  
Yuhuan Chen ◽  
David Oryang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Loam Soil

The use of untreated biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) have been identified as one potential mechanism for the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella in the produce growing environment. Data on factors influencing Salmonella concentration in amended soils are therefore needed. The objectives here were to (i) compare die-off between 12 Salmonella strains following inoculation in amended soil and (ii) characterize any significant effects associated with soil-type, irrigation regimen, and amendment on Salmonella survival and die-off. Three greenhouse trials were performed using a randomized complete block design. Each strain (~4 log CFU/g) was homogenized with amended or non-amended sandy-loam or clay-loam soil. Salmonella levels were enumerated in 25 g samples 0, 0.167 (4 h), 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 56, 84, 112, 168, 210, 252, and 336 days post-inoculation (dpi), or until two consecutive samples were enrichment negative. Regression analysis was performed between strain, soil-type, irrigation, and (i) time to last detect (survival) and (ii) concentration at each time-point (die-off rate). Similar effects of strain, irrigation, soil-type, and amendment were identified using the survival and die-off models. Strain explained up to 18% of the variance in survival, and up to 19% of variance in die-off rate. On average Salmonella survived for 129 days in amended soils, however, Salmonella survived, on average, 30 days longer in clay-loam soils than sandy-loam soils [95% Confidence interval (CI) = 45, 15], with survival time ranging from 84 to 210 days for the individual strains during daily irrigation. When strain-specific associations were investigated using regression trees, S. Javiana and S. Saintpaul were found to survive longer in sandy-loam soil, whereas most of the other strains survived longer in clay-loam soil. Salmonella also survived, on average, 128 days longer when irrigated weekly, compared to daily (CI = 101, 154), and 89 days longer in amended soils, than non-amended soils (CI = 61, 116). Overall, this study provides insight into Salmonella survival following contamination of field soils by BSAAO. Specifically, Salmonella survival may be strain-specific as affected by both soil characteristics and management practices. These data can assist in risk assessment and strain selection for use in challenge and validation studies.

Effects of Cd, Zn, or both on soil microbial biomass and activity in a clay loam soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Renella ◽  
Amar M. Chaudri ◽  
Céline M. Falloon ◽  
Loretta Landi ◽  
Paolo Nannipieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil

TOLERANCE OF EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN ◽  
D. A. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Chamber Studies

McCall, Maple Presto, Maple Amber and OT80-3 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were evaluated under field conditions for their response to metribuzin. Maple Amber was found to be less tolerant than the other cultivars. In controlled environment chamber studies, injury to this cultivar was more severe on a sandy loam soil than on a clay loam soil. Fall applications of metribuzin, alone or tank-mixed with trifluralin, were tolerant to Maple Amber soybeans and such applications may offer a practical alternative to spring treatments for broad spectrum weed control in the less tolerant soybean cultivars grown in Manitoba.Key words: Metribuzin, trifluralin, preplant incorporation, fall treatments, soybean cultivars

Soil microbial biomass and diversity respond to tillage and sulphur fertilizers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial

There is little information on the effects of S management strategies on soil microorganisms under zero tillage systems o n the North American Prairies. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of tillage and source and placement of S on soil microbial biomass (substrate induced respiration) and functional diversity (substrate utilization patterns) in a canola-wheat rotation under conventional and zero tillage systems at three sites in Gray Luvisolic and Black Chernozemic soils. Conventional tillage significantly reduced microbial biomass and diversity on an acidic and C-poor Luvisolic soil, but it had mostly no significant effects on the near-neutral, C-rich Luvisolic and Chernozemic soils, which underlines the importance of soil C in maintaining a healthy soil. Sulphur had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass, and its effects on microbial diversity were more frequent on the near-neutral Luvisol, which was more S-deficient, than on the acidic Luvisol or the Chernozem. Significant S effects on microbial diversity were observed both in the bulk soil (negative effects, compared with the control) and rhizosphere (positive effects) of the acidic Luvisol, but all significant effects (positive) were observed in root rhizospheres in the other soils. Sulphur by tillage interactions on acidic Luvisolic soil indicated that the negative effects of S in bulk soil occurred mostly under zero tillage, presumably because the fertilizer is concentrated in a smaller volume of soil than under conventional tillage. Sulphate S effects, either negative or positive, on microbial diversity were usually greater than elemental S effects. Therefore, S application can have direct, deleterious effects on soil microorganisms or indirect, beneficial effects through crop growth, the latter presumably due to increased root exudation in the rhizosphere of healthy crops. Key Words: Biolog, conservation tillage, microbial biodiversity, rhizosphere, soil biological quality, S fertilizer type and placement

scholarly journals Biochar Improves Plant Growth and Reduces Nutrient Leaching in Red Clay Loam and Sandy Loam

2012 ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Pudasaini ◽  
Nanjappa Ashwath ◽  
Kerry Walsh ◽  
Thakur Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Water Holding

A factorial pot experiment was conducted using two types of soils (sandy loam and red clay loam) that are commonly used for commercial vegetable production in Bundaberg, region of Central Queensl and Australia. The soils were amended with 0, 25, 50 and 75 t/ha of green waste biochar and minimum doses of N, P and K (30 kg/ha, 30 kg/ha and 40 kg/ha respectively). After two weeks of plant establishment, the pots were leached with 1.5 litres of deionised water at week intervals, and cation concentrations of the leachate were determined. In 25 t/ha biochar treatment, there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in K and Ca leaching by 40% and 26% respectively from sandy loam, and of Ca by 23% from the red clay loam. Soil water holding capacity and soil organic carbon were also increased in both biochar treated soils. After 12 weeks of growth, shoot weight was signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher in 25 t/ha biochar-treated sandy loam and red clay loam (32% and 31% respectively). These results clearly demonstrated that a higher yield of capsicum can be achieved from green waste biochar application in sandy loam and red clay loam at 25 t/ha biochar.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7221 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.86-90

scholarly journals Effect of growing media on mat type seedling raised for mechanical rice transplanting 

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Hossen Anwar M ◽  
Hossain Mosharraf M ◽  
Haque Enamul M ◽  
Bell Richard W
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Rolling Quality

Mechanical transplanted seedling must meet the requirements of standard seedling block with uniform distribution of seedlings and inter-twisting roots for rolling. This study was conducted to identify the effect of growing media on mat type seedling raised for mechanical transplanting at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur during the period of 2012–2014 covering two dry and cold seasons (Boro) and one wet season (Aman). Seedling were raised on plastic tray using sandy loam and clay loam soil mixed with decomposed cow-dung, mustard cake, rice straw organic fertilizer, rice bran, poultry litter and vermicompost at the rate of 0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Rolling quality of the seedling mat decreased and seedling height increased with the increased of mixing rate of organic fertilizer except rice bran and mustard cake. Averaged across three seasons, 10 to 30% cow-dung, rice straw organic fertilizer, vermicompost, 10% poultry litter and 20 to 30% rice bran with both types of soil was found suitable for seedling mat and seedling height. However, seedling varied among the organic fertilizers with both types of soil in the order of cow-dung &gt; rice bran &gt; vermicompost &gt; poultry liter &gt; rice straw organic fertilizer &gt; mustard cake. Clay loam soil showed better performance on rolling quality over sandy loam soil.

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