scholarly journals Developing the potential of usingGalleria mellonellalarvae as models for studying brain infection byListeria monocytogenes

Virulence ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Browne ◽  
Kevin Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Infection

scholarly journals Immune activation during Paenibacillus brain infection in African infants with frequent cytomegalovirus co-infection

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 102351
Author(s):  
Albert M. Isaacs ◽  
Sarah U. Morton ◽  
Mercedeh Movassagh ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Christine Hehnly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Brain Infection

scholarly journals Brain tissue transcriptomic analysis of SIV-infected macaques identifies several altered metabolic pathways linked to neuropathogenesis and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) as potential therapeutic targets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Mavian ◽  
Andrea S. Ramirez-Mata ◽  
James Jarad Dollar ◽  
David J. Nolan ◽  
Melanie Cash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Despite improvements in antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent in subjects undergoing therapy. HAND significantly affects individuals’ quality of life, as well as adherence to therapy, and, despite the increasing understanding of neuropathogenesis, no definitive diagnostic or prognostic marker has been identified. We investigated transcriptomic profiles in frontal cortex tissues of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Rhesus macaques sacrificed at different stages of infection. Gene expression was compared among SIV-infected animals (n = 11), with or without CD8+ lymphocyte depletion, based on detectable (n = 6) or non-detectable (n = 5) presence of the virus in frontal cortex tissues. Significant enrichment in activation of monocyte and macrophage cellular pathways was found in animals with detectable brain infection, independently from CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. In addition, transcripts of four poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) were up-regulated in the frontal cortex, which was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results shed light on involvement of PARPs in SIV infection of the brain and their role in SIV-associated neurodegenerative processes. Inhibition of PARPs may provide an effective novel therapeutic target for HIV-related neuropathology.

Brain Infection Linked to Another Monoclonal Antibody

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Brain Infection

scholarly journals Lethal systemic and brain infection caused by Prototheca zopfii algae in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Stephanie Herold ◽  
Tristan Klodt ◽  
Daniela Toelle ◽  
Martin Dennebaum ◽  
Elena Lippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prototheca Zopfii ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals Retrograde Axonal Transport: a Major Transmission Route of Enterovirus 71 in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 8996-9003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Szu Chen ◽  
Yi-Chuan Yao ◽  
Shin-Chao Lin ◽  
Yi-Ping Lee ◽  
Ya-Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Clinical Illness

ABSTRACT Inoculation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) by the oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.), or intracranial route resulted in brain infection, flaccid paralysis, pulmonary dysfunction, and death of 7-day-old mice. The lag time of disease progression indicated that neuroinvasion from the inoculation sites was a prerequisite for the development of the clinical signs. Although EV71 p.o. inoculation led to a persistent viremia and a transient increase in blood-brain barrier permeability at the early stage of the infection, only low levels of virus, which led to neither severe infection nor clinical illness, could be detected in the brain, suggesting that hematogenous transport might not represent a major transmission route. In the spinal cord, following both p.o. and hind limb i.m. inoculation, the virus first appeared and increased rapidly in the lower segments, especially at the anterior horn areas, and then spread to the upper segments and brain in the presence of viremia. A reverse pattern, with the virus being first detected in the upper segment, was observed when the virus was i.m. inoculated in the forelimb. Colchicine, a fast axonal transport inhibitor, but not sciatic nerve transection reduced EV71 neuroinvasion in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a neuronal transmission of the virus.

scholarly journals Infiltrating Regulatory B Cells Control Neuroinflammation following Viral Brain Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
pp. 6070-6080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar B. Mutnal ◽  
Shuxian Hu ◽  
Scott J. Schachtele ◽  
James R. Lokensgard
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Brain Infection

scholarly journals Fungal colonization of the brain: anatomopathological aspects of neurological cryptococcosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1293-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CAROLINE COLOMBO ◽  
MARCIO L. RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain

Brain infection by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans results in an estimated 500,000 human deaths per annum. Colonization of the central nervous system (CNS) by C. neoformans causes different clinical syndromes that involve interaction of a number of fungal components with distinct brain cells. In this manuscript, our literature review confirmed the notion that the Cryptococcus field is expanding rapidly, but also suggested that studies on neuropathogenesis still represent a small fraction of basic research activity in the field. We therefore discussed anatomical and physiological aspects of the brain during infection by C. neoformans, in addition to mechanisms by which brain resident cells interact with the fungus. This review suggests that multiple efforts are necessary to improve the knowledge on how C. neoformans affects brain cells, in order to enable the generation of new therapeutic tools in a near future.

scholarly journals Residual Brain Infection in Relapsing‐Fever Borreliosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (10) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Cadavid ◽  
Marie Sondey ◽  
Edwin Garcia ◽  
Catherine L. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Brain Infection

scholarly journals COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters

2021 ◽  
pp. eabf8396
Author(s):  
Guilherme Dias de Melo ◽  
Françoise Lazarini ◽  
Sylvain Levallois ◽  
Charlotte Hautefort ◽  
Vincent Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Olfactory Neuroepithelium ◽  
Optimal Medical Management ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Lung Pathogenesis ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

Whereas recent investigations have revealed viral, inflammatory and vascular factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 lung pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in COVID-19 remains poorly understood. Olfactory and taste dysfunction are common in COVID-19, especially in mildly symptomatic patients. Here, we conducted a virologic, molecular, and cellular study of the olfactory neuroepithelium of seven patients with COVID-19 presenting with acute loss of smell. We report evidence that the olfactory neuroepithelium may be a major site of SARS-CoV2 infection with multiple cell types, including olfactory sensory neurons, support cells, and immune cells, becoming infected. SARS-CoV-2 replication in the olfactory neuroepithelium was associated with local inflammation. Furthermore, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 induced acute anosmia and ageusia in golden Syrian hamsters, lasting as long as the virus remained in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb. Finally, olfactory mucosa sampling from patients showing long-term persistence of COVID-19-associated anosmia revealed the presence of virus transcripts and of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, together with protracted inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 persistence and associated inflammation in the olfactory neuroepithelium may account for prolonged or relapsing symptoms of COVID-19, such as loss of smell, which should be considered for optimal medical management of this disease.

scholarly journals A Review on Epilepsy and its Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
V.V. Potnis ◽  
Ketan G. Albhar ◽  
Pritamsinh Arjun Nanaware ◽  
Vishal S. Pote
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain

Today, people face various types of stress in everyday fast life and most people in the world suffer from various neurological disorder. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders of the brain, affecting about 50 million people around the world, and 90% of them are coming from developing countries. Genetic factors and brain infection, stroke, tumors and epilepsy cause high fever. It imposes a great economic burden on the health systems of countries associated with stigma and discrimination against the patient and also his family in the community, in the workplace, school and home. Many patients with epilepsy suffer from severe emotional stress, behavioral disorders and extreme social isolation. There are many different types of seizure and mechanisms by which the brain generates seizures. The two features of generating seizures are hyperexcitability of neurons and a hyper synchronousneural circuits. A variety of mechanisms alters the balance between excitation and inhibition in predisposing brain local or generalized hyperexcitability region and a hypersynchronia. Purpose of the review is to discuss the history, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification of epilepsy, symtomps, diagnosis, management of epilepsy and future trends. Keywords: Anti-epileptic drugs, pathophysiology, seizures, epidemiology, hypersynchrony

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