Interaction between seed treatments, surfactants and foliar fungicides on controlling dry bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Gillard ◽  
N.K. Ranatunga
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

scholarly journals A Specific and Sensitive Method for the Detection of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Dry Bean Tissue

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Yan Chen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
C. L. Gillard ◽  
G. J. Boland ◽  
C. Babcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Sensitive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dna Template

To facilitate early diagnosis and improve control of bean anthracnose, a rapid, specific, and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was developed to detect the causal agent, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed. Based on sequence data of the rDNA region consisting of the 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 of four C. lindemuthianum races and 17 Colletotrichum species downloaded from GenBank, five forward primers were designed and evaluated for their specificity. Among them, one forward primer was selected for use in combination with ITS4 to specifically detect C. lindemuthianum. A 461-bp specific band was amplified from the genomic DNA template of 16 representative isolates of C. lindemuthianum, but not from 58 representative isolates of 17 other Colletotrichum species or 10 bean pathogens. Moreover, to enhance the sensitivity of detection, nested PCR was applied, which allowed the detection of as little as 10 fg of C. lindemuthianum genomic DNA and 1% infected seed powder, which was mixed with 99% healthy seed powder. The diagnostic analysis can be completed within 24 h, compared with about 2 weeks required for culturing. Furthermore, this method can be performed and interpreted by personnel with no specialized taxonomic expertise.

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage Practices on Anthracnose Development and Distribution in Dry Bean Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ntahimpera ◽  
H. R. Dillard ◽  
A. C. Cobb ◽  
R. C. Seem
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Over Time

Three tillage practices—chiseling, rototilling, and moldboard plowing—were evaluated in 1993 and 1994 to determine their impact on initial disease development, distribution, and progression over time in a field of the susceptible kidney bean cultivar Horizon. The tillage treatments were administered in the spring in a field infested in 1992 with the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum race β. Initial disease incidence was highest in the chiseled plots, where more bean debris was left on the surface than in the other treatments. Significantly higher final disease incidence and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) occurred in the chiseled plots than in the rototilled and moldboard plowed plots. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.75) between the percentage of debris left on the surface and subsequent disease incidence on pods in the field. Anthracnose incidence or severity in the field was highly correlated with disease incidence on harvested pods (r values ranged between 0.87 and 0.98). Results from the ordinary runs analysis showed that anthracnose occurred randomly within the field early in the season, indicating that initial inoculum was from bean debris within the field. Later in the season, plant-to-plant spread resulted in a more clustered distribution of diseased plants.

scholarly journals First Report of Dry Bean Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) Race 73 in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. del Río ◽  
R. S. Lamppa ◽  
P. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
First Report ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pintoba) plants showing typical anthracnose symptoms were observed in three commercial fields in North Dakota (Towner, Steele, and Pembina counties) in July 2001. Disease incidence in all fields ranged from 5 to 20%. The fungus was isolated from leaves and pods on potato dextrose agar and identified as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib. (3). Pathogenicity and race identification were determined on a set of 12 standard differentials (2). Three isolates, one from each county, were grown for 7 days in Mathur's medium. Spores were suspended in water and Tween 80 (0.1% vol/vol) and adjusted to 106 spores per ml. Thirty 2-week-old seedlings of each differential were inoculated with each isolate on the adaxial side of the primary leaves using a Paasche airbrush. Inoculated plants were incubated in moist chambers for 5 days at 20°C under 14 h of fluorescent light and then moved back to the greenhouse. Disease reaction was assessed 3 days later. Isolates of C. lindemuthianum races 7 and 73 obtained from J. Kelly (Michigan State University) were used as positive controls. Inoculations were repeated once. All three North Dakota isolates and the positive control for race 73 produced sporulating lesions on the differentials ‘Michelite’, ‘Cornell 49242’, and ‘Mexico 222’. No lesions were observed in the other differentials. An unidentified anthracnose race retrieved from a single plant in 1982 constitutes the first report of the presence of anthracnose in North Dakota (4). In 1992, Michigan breeding materials infected with race 73 were planted in North Dakota (1); upon detection, the infected plants were destroyed and the fields quarantined. The epidemics observed in the 2001 season, developed in sites distant from the places where the Michigan materials were planted and have been associated with a single seed source. To our knowledge, the presence of anthracnose race 73 reported here constitutes the first report of anthracnose in commercial dry bean fields in North Dakota. References: (1) J. D. Kelly et al. Plant Dis. 78:892, 1994. (2) M. A. Pastor-Corrales. Phytopathology 81:694, 1991. (3) B. C. Sutton, The Coelomycetes, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 1980. (4) J. R. Venette and P. A. Donald. Bean Improv. Coop. 26:24, 1983.

The effect of foliar fungicide application timing on the control of dry bean anthracnose

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gillard ◽  
N. K. Ranatunga ◽  
R. L. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
Disease Pressure

Gillard, C. L., Ranatunga, N. K. and Conner, R. L. 2012. The effect of foliar fungicide application timing on the control of dry bean anthracnose. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 109–118. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a major disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), reducing seed quality and yield. A study carried out in 2005 and 2006 at Exeter, ON, and at Morden, MB, determined that a sequential application of fungicide at the correct time is crucial for the effective management of the disease. The effect of the fungicides azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin at four single foliar application timings at 5th trifoliolate (A), 1st flower (B), full flower (C) and 10 d after full flower (D) and at three sequential timings (A+C, B+C, and B+D) were evaluated under low and high disease pressure conditions. Data were collected on leaf vein and pod infection, plant maturity, dockage, pick, seed weight, yield and return on investment. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contrast comparisons were carried out for various treatment combinations. Differences between the two fungicides for leaf symptoms were not apparent under low disease pressure, but occurred early in plant development under high disease pressure. Pyraclostrobin-treated plots produced a higher yield under high disease pressure and better quality seeds at both high and low disease pressure conditions. A single fungicide application at the A timing gave higher yield under low disease pressure, while timings B and C gave a higher yield under high disease pressure. A sequential application often provided greater anthracnose control and improved yield and seed quality, compared with single application timings. For the sequential application timings, the highest yields occurred at the A+C timing under low disease pressure, and at the A+C or B+C timing under high disease pressure.

Identification of anthracnose races in Manitoba and Ontario from 2005 to 2015 and their reactions on Ontario dry bean cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Greg J. Boland ◽  
Chris L. Gillard ◽  
Yongyan Chen ◽  
Xuechan Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
New Races ◽  
Resistance Spectrum

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most destructive diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world. Between 2005 and 2015, commercial fields of dry beans in Manitoba and Ontario were surveyed to determine the frequency of occurrence of races of the anthracnose fungus. Throughout the study, race 73 was most prevalent in Manitoba and Ontario. However, three anthracnose races not previously reported in Canada also were identified. These three new races and four previously identified anthracnose races were used to screen 52 dry bean cultivars, as well as a mung bean and azuki bean cultivar from Ontario, for their seedling reactions to determine their patterns of race resistance. The dry bean cultivars were classified into a total of 19 resistance spectra based on the pattern of seedling reactions to the seven anthracnose races. The most common resistance spectrum was susceptible to the majority of the anthracnose races and no cultivar was resistant to all of the races. Many bean cultivars produced intermediate anthracnose ratings to races 31 and 105 and tests of 16 dry bean cultivars against those races indicated that all cultivars with intermediate ratings to a specific race were segregating in their seedling reactions and none of the cultivars produced plants with only intermediate anthracnose severity ratings. This study provides new information on the anthracnose reactions of common bean cultivars in Canada, which should be useful for the development of new bean cultivars with durable resistance.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Moses J. Kiryowa ◽  
Aston Ebinu ◽  
Vincent Kyaligonza ◽  
Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽  
Pamela Paparu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

Dry Bean and Anthracnose Development From Seeds With Varying Symptom Severity

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-02-20-0402
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Halvorson ◽  
Robin S. Lamppa ◽  
Kristin Simons ◽  
Robert L. Conner ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a damaging seed-transmitted disease of dry beans that causes reduced seed quality and yield. Seed-to-seedling transmission of C. lindemuthianum has been documented as high as 15% in asymptomatic seeds under greenhouse conditions. Increasing pathogen colonization in seeds has been correlated with increasing anthracnose seed symptoms via quantitative PCR (qPCR), but stem colonization has not been quantified. Previous studies also have characterized seed yield and quality losses caused by planting C. lindemuthianum–infected seeds, but none evaluated the effect of growing asymptomatic seeds on disease and plant development under field conditions. A real-time qPCR assay was developed in this study and used to detect C. lindemuthianum in the stems of seedlings as early as 15 days after planting. Field trials measured the seed-to-seedling transmission of C. lindemuthianum across levels of anthracnose symptoms in seeds ranging from healthy to severely discolored. Results from these two field trials indicated that emergence and yield decreased and foliar symptoms, pathogen detection, and incidence of symptoms on progeny seeds increased as the severity of infection in planted seeds increased. In both years, planting asymptomatic seeds resulted in higher anthracnose severity than planting healthy seeds. Yield, seed weight, and incidence of symptoms on progeny seeds were not higher in asymptomatic seeds than in healthy seeds in 2014, when moderate disease pressure was observed. However, these factors were significantly different in 2015, when anthracnose severity was driven up to 75% by conducive weather conditions. This serves as a strong warning to growers that planting seed grown in a field where anthracnose was present, even if those seeds are asymptomatic, can result in yield and quality losses. Planting certified dry bean seed is always recommended.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mexican Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by Using Differential Cultivars and Molecular Markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario González ◽  
Raul Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Elena Zavala ◽  
Juan L. Jacobo ◽  
Fernando Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Bean Anthracnose

Differential cultivars and molecular markers were used to analyze 59 isolates of the bean anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, from different regions of Mexico. Ten distinct races were determined, three of which had not been reported previously in Mexico. Isolates were found to infect only a narrow range of the differential cultivars used and were restricted to cultivars of Middle American origin. A comparison of random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses was carried out on a subset of the fungal isolates. Determination of genetic distances based on AFLP data and production of a dendrogram demonstrated two levels of association: i) isolates classified into two major groups according to the type of cultivar or system of cultivation from which they originated, and ii) isolates could be classified into smaller subgroups generally associated with the geographic location from which they were obtained. Bootstrap analysis and determination of confidence intervals showed these geographic groupings to be extremely robust.

Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-921
Author(s):  
Erin LeClair ◽  
Robert Conner ◽  
Darren Robinson ◽  
Chris L. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Natural Incidence

LeClair, E., Conner, R., Robinson, D. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 913–921. Anthracnose [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lams. – Scrib.] is a serious pathogen of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Disease transmission on artificial materials and clothing has been observed in other crops, where equipment and workers transmit pathogens from infected to clean plants. Initial studies in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON, determined that anthracnose transmission in dry bean as measured by resultant disease severity occurred with denim, leather, metal, and rubber using a 107 spores mL−1 prepared artificial spore inoculum in both wet and dry crop canopies. In 2012 and 2013 at Morden, MB, and Ridgetown, ON, the studies were expanded by adding a 105 spores mL−1 prepared artificial and a natural inoculum source. Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources. Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher infection rate. Canopy moisture impacted the natural inoculum the most. The 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by natural incidence and 105 spores mL−1 inoculum in wet conditions. In dry conditions 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by 105 spores mL−1 inoculum and natural incidence. Producers need to recognize that there is real risk for the anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean, and take appropriate precautions to prevent it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document