Trace Elements in Marine Environments: Occurrence, Threats and Monitoring with Special Focus on the Coastal Mediterranean

Human primary teeth can give important information about trace element exposure prenatally and in early childhood – the period of tooth formation and the most vulnerable period in life. Trace elements from the environment and from nutrition are built into the tooth tissues during the period of tooth formation. As tooth tissues develop incrementally, according to a known pattern, and are very stable, teeth may function as recorders or biomarkers of different exposures during the period of tooth formation. In this paper the use of primary teeth as biomarkers of exposure is presented with a special focus on the use within epidemiology

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Vertical Profiles of Microbial Trace Element Utilization in Marine Environments

10.21203/rs.3.rs-141603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yinzhen Xu ◽

Qiong Liu ◽

Yan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Element ◽

Local Level ◽

Vertical Gradient ◽

Metagenomic Data ◽

Marine Environments ◽

Marine Microbes ◽

Microbial World ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Living Organisms

Abstract Background: Biological trace elements are used in small amounts but are required for all living organisms. They are key components of many proteins and enzymes involved in important biological processes. Many trace element-dependent proteins have been characterized in various microbes, but very little is known about their occurrence, functions, and interactions in microbial communities in marine environments, especially in depth-related marine ecosystems. Results: In this study, by analyzing metagenomic data from different geographic locations and water depths in the oceans around the world, we identified the distribution of genes encoding trace element-dependent proteins (for copper, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, and selenium) in a variety of marine samples from the upper ocean to the deep sea, which demonstrates vertical patterns of trace element utilization in marine microbes. More than 63,000 metalloprotein and selenoprotein genes belonging to nearly 100 families were predicted, constituting the largest environmental metalloprotein and selenoprotein gene dataset reported so far. Further examination of the interactions among trace elements revealed significant correlations between some of them (especially molybdenum or tungsten and selenium) and more active elemental crosstalk in the epipelagic zone of the ocean. Comparison of the patterns of trace element utilization across samples suggested that additional unknown factors might play a more important role in shaping trace element utilization in marine microbes living in certain locations. Finally, analysis of the relationship between water depth and metalloprotein/selenoprotein families revealed that the evolution of approximately half of the metalloprotein and selenoprotein families in marine microbial world could be influenced by ocean depth at either the global or the local level. Conclusions: Our findings provide new insights into the utilization and functions of trace elements in marine microbes along a vertical gradient across the ocean.

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Release of trace elements during bioreductive dissolution of magnetite from metal mine tailings: Potential impact on marine environments

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147579 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147579

Author(s):

Jordi Palau ◽

Robert Benaiges-Fernandez ◽

Francesco Offeddu ◽

Jordi Urmeneta ◽

Josep M. Soler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Mine Tailings ◽

Marine Environments ◽

Metal Mine ◽

Potential Impact

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Microanalytical Identification of a New Zr-Nb-Fe Phase

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134259 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

O.T. Woo ◽

G.J.C. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Cold Rolling ◽

Proportionality Factor ◽

Tube Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Foils ◽

Arc Melting ◽

Intermetallic Particles ◽

Intermetallic Precipitates ◽

Cold Worked

To study the influence of trace elements on the corrosion and hydrogen ingress in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tube material, buttons of this alloy containing up to 0.83 at% Fe were made by arc-melting. The buttons were then annealed at 973 K for three days, furnace cooled, followed by ≈80% cold-rolling. The microstructure of cold-worked Zr-2.5 at% Nb-0.83 at% Fe (Fig. 1) contained both β-Zr and intermetallic precipitates in the α-Zr grains. The particles were 0.1 to 0.7 μm in size, with shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal and often contained faults. β-Zr appeared either roughly spherical or as irregular elongated patches, often extending to several micrometres.The composition of the intermetallic particles seen in Fig. 1 was determined using Van Cappellen’s extrapolation technique for energy dispersive X-ray analysis of thin metal foils. The method was employed to avoid corrections for absorption and fluorescence via the Cliff-Lorimer equation: CA/CB = kAB · IA/IB, where CA and CB are the concentrations by weight of the elements A and B, and IA and IB are the X-ray intensities; kAB is a proportionality factor.

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XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163666 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 240-241

Author(s):

D. A. Carpenter ◽

Ning Gao ◽

G. J. Havrilla

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Point Source ◽

Focal Spot ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Focal Distance ◽

Spot Diameter ◽

X Ray ◽

Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

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Trace Elements and Iron in Human Metabolism

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0071330a ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1330-1331

Author(s):

E. D. WILLS

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Human Metabolism

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Meat and Meat Products Consumption in Italy: Contribution to Trace Elements, Heme Iron and selected B Vitamins supply

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.74.4.247 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lombardi-Boccia ◽

Lanzi ◽

Lucarini ◽

Di Lullo

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Meat Products ◽

Heme Iron ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Consumption Frequency ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Iron Heme ◽

Daily Intakes

This study was undertaken to estimate the contribution of meat and meat products consumption to the daily intakes of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), heme iron, and selected B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) in Italy. Meat and meat products were selected on the basis of their consumption frequency reported by the most recent nationwide dietary individual survey carried out in Italy (INN-CA study). The daily intakes of total iron and heme iron were 1.65 and 1.13 mg/person/day. Zinc intake was 3.65 mg/person/day. Beef made the main contribution to iron, heme iron, and zinc daily intakes. Copper daily intake was 107.3 mug/person/day, with meat products provided the highest contribution (40 mug/person/day). Daily intake of selenium (7.14 mug/person/day) was provided mainly by poultry consumption. Thiamine intake was 228 mug/person/day, and meat products were the main source (110 mug/person/day). Riboflavin intake was 136 mug/person/day, with both beef and meat products as the main contributors (40 mug/person/day). Niacin intake was 7.53 mg/person/day, and poultry was the main source (2.28 mg/person/day). Meat and meat products were a valuable source of micronutrients, supplying 47, 48, and 24% of zinc, niacin, and thiamin daily requirements, respectively, and over 10% of iron, copper, selenium, and riboflavin daily average requirement values of the italian RDAs calculated for the population involved in the survey (INN-CA study).

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Current concepts of the interventional treatment of proximal supraaortic vessel stenosis

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000216 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ernemann ◽

Bender ◽

Melms ◽

Brechtel ◽

Kobba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Carotid Bifurcation ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

Interventional Treatment ◽

Special Focus ◽

Brachiocephalic Artery ◽

Treatment Concepts ◽

Angioplasty And Stenting

Interventional therapies using angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic stenosis of the proximal supraaortic vessels have evolved as safe and effective treatment strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current treatment concepts for stenosis in the subclavian and brachiocephalic artery with regard to clinical indication, interventional technique including selection of the appropriate vascular approach and type of stent, angiographic and clinical short-term and long-term results and follow-up. The role of hybrid interventions for tandem stenoses of the carotid bifurcation and brachiocephalic artery is analysed. A systematic review of data for angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis is discussed with a special focus on restenosis rate.

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