Age Typical Associations between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Bone Mass among Healthy Women

The incidence of osteoporosis is increasing as the population ages, as is the need to manage and prevent it. Adolescence is the period when the fastest development of bone mass takes place. Increasing adolescents’ maximum bone mass and avoiding the risk factors for its loss are effective for preventing osteoporosis. This study investigated the factors influencing adolescents’ bone mineral density (BMD). The participants were 126 middle- and high-school students from Gangwon-do; 47.6% (n = 60) were male, with an average age of 15 (range 12–18) years of age. It was found that age, carbonated beverages, snacks, and calcium supplements were variables that showed significant differences in adolescents’ BMD. Additionally, through correlation analysis, it was found that height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass were correlated with BMD. Multiple regression analysis identified age, calcium supplements, BMI, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass as BMD-associated factors. These results show that adolescents’ BMD is higher with lower body fat mass, higher BMI and skeletal muscle mass, and a higher intake of calcium supplements.

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368Evaluation of myostatin as a possible regulator of the skeletal muscle-cortical bone interaction in adults

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nagato Kuriyama ◽

Etsuko Ozaki ◽

Teruhide Koyama ◽

Daisuke Matsui ◽

Isao Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Muscle Metabolism ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Tracp 5B

Abstract Background Bone mass was recently reported to be related to skeletal muscle mass in humans, and a decrease in cortical bone is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Since circulating myostatin is a factor that primarily controls muscle metabolism, this study examined the role of myostatin in blood in bone mass-skeletal muscle mass interactions. Methods The subjects were 375 middle-aged community residents with no history of osteoporosis or sarcopenia who participated in a health check-up. The subjects were divided into those with low cortical bone thickness (LCT) or low cancellous bone density (LBD) and those with normal values (NCT/NBD). Bone metabolism markers (BAP, TRACP-5b, etc.), skeletal muscle mass, serum myostatin levels, and lifestyle, were then compared between the groups. Results The percentage of diabetic participants and blood HbA1c, TRACP-5b, and myostatin levels were significantly higher, and the frequency of physical activity, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and leg strength were significantly lower in the LCT group than in the NCT group. The odds ratio of high myostatin in the LCT group compared with the NCT group was significant (2.26) even after adjusting for related factors. Significant differences were observed in the same items between the LBD and NBD groups as between the LCT and NCT groups, with no significant differences in skeletal muscle mass and serum myostatin levels. The serum myostatin level was significantly negatively correlated with cortical bone thickness and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions Myostatin may regulate bone-skeletal muscle interactions and serve as a surrogate marker of cortical bone metabolism. Key messages The interaction between bone and skeletal muscle is reported to be important for preserving the activity of bone and muscle metabolism. Herein, we report for the first time that myostatin may regulate bone-skeletal muscle interactions and serve as a surrogate marker of cortical bone metabolism in adults.

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Association of Low Bone Mass with Decreased Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Cross-Sectional Study of Community-Dwelling Older Women

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8030343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Koji Nonaka ◽

Shin Murata ◽

Hideki Nakano ◽

Kunihiko Anami ◽

Kayoko Shiraiwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Low Bone Mass ◽

T Score ◽

Mass Group

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance among community-dwelling older women. Data were collected from 306 older adults, and the data of 214 older women were included in the final analysis. Participants’ calcaneus bone mass was measured using ultrasonography. Based on their T-scores, participants were divided into the following three groups: normal (T-score > −1), low (−2.5 < T-score ≤ −1), and very low (T-score ≤ −2.5) bone mass. Further, participants’ skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength (grip and knee extension strength), and physical performance [gait speed and timed up and go (TUG)] were measured. Arm skeletal muscle index (SMI, skeletal muscle mass/height2), leg SMI, and appendicular SMI in the very low bone mass group were low compared to those of the low bone mass group (p = 0.034, p = 0.011, and p = 0.009, respectively). Grip and knee extension strength, gait speed, and TUG were not significantly different between the groups. These findings suggest that older women with low bone density had decreased skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, maintaining or improving skeletal muscle mass may prevent low bone mass.

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Influence of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index on the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04748-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geise Ferreira da Cruz ◽

Tatiana Mion Lunz ◽

Tatielle Rocha de Jesus ◽

Mariana Braga Costa ◽

Camila Vilarinho Vidigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass Index ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) is an important risk indicator for osteoporosis because of the anatomical proximity and metabolic connection between muscle and bone mass. The present study investigated the relationship between ASMI and the bone mineral density (BMD) categories of postmenopausal women. Methods In this cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample, sociodemographic, lifestyle, menopause time, anthropometric, and physical activity variables were collected. ASMI and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants were grouped according to BMD values into normal density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to verify the influence of ASMI on BMD. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 22. The significance level for all tests was set at 5%. Results Of the 114 women analyzed, most were between 60 and 69.9 years of age (62.3%), on menopause for ≤19.0 (51.8%), self-declared brown race/color (49.1%), had < 4 years of education (41.2%), never smoked (69.0%) or drank alcohol (62.8%). Of these, 52.6% were classified as sufficiently active and 52.2% had regular sun exposure. Women with osteoporosis were older (p = 0.035), on menopause for a longer time (p = 0.011), underweight (p = 0.004), had adequate waist circumference (p = 0.017), and low ASMI values (p = 0.002). There was an association between the 1st tertile of ASMI and osteoporosis. However, after adjustments for age, race/color, and body mass index, the strength of association between BMD and ASMI was not maintained. Conclusions ASMI was not associated with the BMD of the postmenopausal women evaluated. Total body and muscle mass, in addition to bone mass, should be monitored during menopause treatment. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms and gaps in this relationship.

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