Low Carbohydrate and High Protein Diets and Al-Cause, Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 7 Cohort Studies

Objectives: Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a strong association with diet metabolic syndrome. This review aims at exploring the lithogenic risk posed by the current most popular diets. Our approach was to search for the effect of each diet type on the major urinary risk factors, to try to draw conclusions regarding the association of a specific diet type and KSD. Methods: This systematic review searched for the available literature exploring the association between the existing popular fad diets and KSD. Articles in English, French and Spanish were included, without restriction of the search period with the final search done in August 2021. Results: Total number of studies and studies for each diet type was as follows: 22 articles for the low carbohydrate diet, 20 articles for high protein diets, 26 articles for vegetarian and vegan diets. There exists a substantial variability in different low carbohydrate and high protein diets, and considerable overlap between modern popular fad diets. High carbohydrate intake might increase urine uric acid, calcium and oxalate levels. High protein diets increase urine calcium and uric acid and lower urine pH and citrate. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the urinary volume and urinary citrate. In vegan diets, sufficient daily calcium intake is important to avoid possible secondary hyperoxaluria. Conclusions: Few studies evaluated the direct relationship between modern fad diets and KSD. In general, the reduction of carbohydrate in the diet, and counterbalancing protein rich diets with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, seem to play a protective role against KSD formation. Maintaining sufficient calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets is important. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate the link between KSD and each diet type.

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Use of low carbohydrate, high protein diets in cats with diabetes mellitus

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00789_3.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 219-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. C. Hall ◽

O. M. Mahony ◽

L. M. Freeman ◽

E. A. Rozanski

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Protein ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

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Decreased Warfarin Effect after Initiation of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1e454 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 744-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stuart J Beatty ◽

Bella H Mehta ◽

Jennifer L Rodis

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Warfarin Therapy ◽

Anticoagulation Therapy ◽

Warfarin Dose ◽

High Protein ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. CASE SUMMARIES: Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism. After initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, the patient required a 22.2% increase (from 45 to 57.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. Her INR remained in the therapeutic range on this dose for 8 weeks. When the patient stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, a decrease back to the original warfarin dose was required to return to a therapeutic INR. Case 2. A 58-year-old white man had been receiving warfarin for 8 years for a cerebrovascular accident. Initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a 30% increase (from 26.25 to 37.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. His warfarin dose was reduced to the original dose after he stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. DISCUSSION: The Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible adverse effect between warfarin and high-protein diets. High-protein diets have been shown to increase serum albumin levels. This may result in more warfarin binding to serum albumin, thereby decreasing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. The increase of albumin occurs rapidly after initiation of a high-protein diet and appears to promptly affect anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate a significant interaction between high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets and warfarin therapy. Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be educated on and monitored for the potential interaction that occurs with warfarin therapy and high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.

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High protein diet: benefits and risks

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet12662 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 393-400

Author(s):

M. V. Altashina ◽

E. V. Ivannikova ◽

E. A. Troshina

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

High Protein Diets ◽

Protein Diets ◽

Mineral Bone Density

The nature of human nutrition has become increasingly important as an effective element in the prevention and treatment of many pathologies, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. High protein diets are some of the most popular eating patterns and the Dukan diet has taken the lead in popularity among the diets of this type. An increase of protein in the diet is effective in reducing body weight, primarily due to the loss of adipose tissue, without a significant effect on muscle mass. Another advantage of a high-protein diet is earlier and longer satiety compared to other diets, which makes it comfortable for use. Besides obesity, high protein diets are presumably effective for treating such diseases as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases However, despite the important advantages, this nutritional model is not universal and is contraindicated in patients with diseases of liver, kidneys and osteoporosis. Besides, the prolonged use of a high protein diet may increase the risks of urolithiasis and reduced mineral bone density even for healthy individuals. Thus, the increase in the proportion of protein in the diet should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician.

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