scholarly journals Computed Tomography-Based Occipital Condyle Morphometry in an Indian Population to Assess the Feasibility of Condylar Screws for Occipitocervical Fusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Srivastava ◽  
Geetanjali Nanda ◽  
Rajat Mahajan ◽  
Ankur Nanda ◽  
Nirajana Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Condyles ◽  
Ethnic Variations

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric study of 82 occipital condyles in the Indian population, focusing on critical morphometric dimensions with relation to placing condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study focused on determining the feasibility of placing occipital condylar screws in an Indian population using CT anatomical morphometric data.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>The occipital condylar screw is a novel technique being explored as one of the options in occipitocervical stabilization. Sex and ethnic variations in anatomical structures may restrict the feasibility of this technique in some populations. To the best of our knowledge, there are no CT-based data on an Indian population that assess the feasibility of occipital condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We measured the dimensions of 82 occipital condyles in 41 adults on coronal, sagittal, and axial reconstructed CT images. The differences were noted between the right and left sides and also between males and females. Statistical analysis was performed using the <italic>t</italic>-test, with a <italic>p</italic>-value of &lt;0.05 considered significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Mean sagittal length and height were 17.2±1.7 mm and 9.1±1.5 mm, respectively. Mean condylar angle/screw angle was 38.0°±5.5° from midline, with mean condylar length and width of 19.6±2.6 mm and 9.5±1.0 mm, respectively. Average coronal height on the anterior and posterior hypoglossal canal was 10.8±1.4 mm and 9.0±1.4 mm, respectively. The values in females were significantly lower than those in males, except for screw angle and condylar width. Based on Lin et al.'s proposed criteria, eight of 82 condyles were not suitable for condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Preliminary CT morphometry data of the occipital condyle shows that condylar screws are anatomically feasible in a large portion of the Indian population. However, because a small number of population may not be suitable for this technique, meticulous study of preoperative anatomy using detailed CT data is advised.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Aggarwal ◽  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Harjeet Kaur ◽  
Anjali Singla ◽  
Daisy Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Context Most of the approaches for skull base surgeries are designed to drill the bone around the jugular foramen for proper exposure. In order to achieve this, an understanding of normal morphometric dimensions of jugular foramen is necessary. Aim To conduct the morphometric analysis and anatomical variations of jugular foramen (JF) in Northwest Indian population. Settings and design Anatomic study using human skulls. Materials and methods Anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen, depth (if domed) and width of jugular fossa were measured with the help of digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis used The mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each dimension was computed. A comparison between right and left jugular foramina was made by using student's t-test. Results Mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen and width of jugular fossa was significantly higher on the right side. An abnormal unilateral blockage of jugular foramen by a bone growth converting it into a slit was noted with anteroposterior (AP) diameter of 2.37 mm in one skull. Bilateral complete septation of jugular foramen into two and three compartments was observed in 2 (4%) and 3 (6%) of the skulls respectively. The domed bony roof was noticed in 66% of the skulls on both the sides. Conclusion The observed variations of JF are possibly due to constitutional, racial or genetic factors. Knowledge of the observed variations of this foramen may be important for neurosurgeons, radiologists and anthropologists. Key message The total subdivision of jugular foramen is not common in our environment. The jugular foramen is generally larger on right side. This study supports reported morphometric variations of jugular foramen, besides adding data on the Northwest Indian population. Abbreviation CC: carotid canal; BO: basi-occiput; OC: occipital condyle; JF: jugular foramen; S: styloid process. How to cite this article Singla A, Sahni D, Aggarwal A, Gupta T, Kaur H. Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):165-171.

scholarly journals Safe trajectory for an occipital condyle screw: A computer simulation study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901987954
Author(s):  
Zhen-Qi Lou ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Ding-Li Xu ◽  
Guo-Qing Li ◽  
Wei-Hu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of posterior occipital condyle screw (OCS) placement analysis of the safe trajectory area for screw insertion. Methods: Computed tomographic angiography scans of patients (46 males and 27 females) with normal occipitocervical structures were obtained consecutively. Vertebral artery (VA)-occiput distance <4.0 mm was defined as “unfeasible” for OCS fixation, and occipital-atlas angulation was measured to assess the feasibility of screw placement. Next, the placement of 3.5 mm diameter OCS was simulated, the probability of breach of structures surrounding occipital condyles was calculated, and placement parameters were analyzed. Results: OCS placement was feasible in 91.1% (133/146) of occipital condyles, and the feasible probability also presented a significant sex-related difference: The probability was higher for males than for females (95.7% vs. 83.3%, p < 0.05). The incidence of anatomical structures injured under screw placement limitation was 18.8% (VA), 81.2% (hypoglossal canal), 59.4% (occipital-atlas joint), and 40.6% (occiput bone surface). There were no significant differences between the left and right condyles in relation to the measured parameters ( p > 0.05). The screw range of motion was significantly smaller in females than in males ( p < 0.05). The feasibility of OCS placement and OCS range of motion were significantly greater in the kyphosis group (>5°) than in the other two groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: OCS placement is a feasible technique for occipital-cervical fusion. The male group and occipitocervical region kyphosis group had a wider available space for OCS placement. Tangent angulation may be useful for the accurate and safe placement of an OCS.

Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
A Medanni ◽  
M Eid ◽  
A Aly ◽  
A El-Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjective:To establish normative dimensions for the depth of the olfactory fossa, the length and angulation of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, and the height of the ethmoid roof, in adult males and females.Design:The study assessed 300 high resolution, multislice computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses, which were evaluated using Merge Efilm software (version 2.0.0, build 37).Results:According to the original Keros classification, the type II olfactory fossa was the commonest type in men (66.7 per cent), while the type I fossa was commonest in women (53 per cent). A difference of 3 mm or more between the depths of the right and left olfactory fossae was present in 11 per cent of men and 2 per cent of women. The lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was significantly shorter and less oblique in men than in women. The length of the lateral lamella was greater anteriorly than posteriorly in both sexes. There was a statistically significant difference between the angle of the lateral lamellae, comparing right and left sides. The ethmoid roof was lower in women than men.Conclusion:The observed differences between men and women and between the right and left sides are of surgical importance, and should alert surgeons to the need for thorough, systematic pre-operative evaluation of computed tomography scans.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of acromion process in scapula of north Indian population

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Singroha ◽  
Usha Verma ◽  
Preeti Malik ◽  
Suresh Kanta Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Males And Females

Background: In scapula, the acromion process projects forwards almost at right angle from the lateral end of spine. Morphometry of the acromion process is an important factor in contributing to impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint.Methods: The study was performed at Department of Anatomy, PGIMS Rohtak on 50 pairs of human scapula, out of which 30 were males and 20 were females. The various parameters like length, width, thickness, coraco-acromial distance, acromio-glenoid distance and types of acromion process were recorded using vernier calipers. These parameters were compared in both sexes on both the sides.Results: Type-II Acromion i.e. Curved type was found to be most predominant. Statistically significant difference was noted in all the five parameters between males and females except Acromio-glenoid distance on right side.Conclusions: Knowledge of the morphometric parameters of acromion process is important for Orthopaedicians, Anthropologists and Anatomists.

scholarly journals Variations of origin of coronary artery and their importance

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D'Souza ◽  
B. Ray ◽  
A. Saxena ◽  
P. Rastogi ◽  
A. D'Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Coronary Ostia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anomalous Coronary ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Introduction: Incidence of anomalous coronary arteries is rare and has been recognized as the causative factor for myocardial ischemia and sudden death. Knowledge about the variations of coronary arterial origin and its course provide a valuable guide to Cardiothoracic Surgeons and Physicians and be useful for producing devices appropriate for variant anatomical structures. The aim of the study was to investigate the number and position of the coronary ostia, emphasizing their possible clinical implications. Methods: Fifty one formalin fixed adult heart specimens were dissected to conduct a morphometric study on coronary ostia and establish their relation with respective aortic sinuses. In addition, branching pattern of the right coronary artery and its dominance were documented. Results: Variations in number and position of ostia in both sinuses were noted. Of the 96 ostia analyzed in the present study, 64.5% were located below the intercommissural line, 11.4% above it and 18.7% at its level. Mean diameter of right and left ostia was measured as 3.03mm and 2.9mm respectively. Mean distance of right and left ostia from their respective sinuses was found to be 15.14mm and 14.20mm respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of coronary circulation is a vital component in diagnoses of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. This study will provide additional information about variations of coronary artery to clinicians and manufacturers to plan their approach for safer and successful treatment.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF VENTRICULAR INDICES IN HUMAN BRAIN USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS IN INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 5574-5580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Kolsur ◽  
◽  
Radhika P.M ◽  
Shailaja Shetty ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans

Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum and occipital condyles using cone beam computed tomography: A morphometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 200429
Author(s):  
Isabella Maria Zanutto ◽  
Elen de Souza Tolentino ◽  
Lilian Cristina Vessoni Iwaki ◽  
Leticia Ângelo Walewski ◽  
Mariliani Chicarelli da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Occipital Condyles

scholarly journals How to choose infra-acetabular screw? Option of All-In or In-Out-in Screw Based on Computed Tomography Measurement of Infra-Acetabular Corridor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanyi Lu ◽  
Runtao Zhou ◽  
Shichang Gao ◽  
Anlin Liang ◽  
Mingming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ischial Tuberosity ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Screw Group

Abstract Background: The infra-acetabular corridor is quite narrow, which makes a challenge for the orthopedists to insert the screw. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the infra-acetabular corridor diameter (IACD) and the minimum thickness of medial acetabular wall(MTMAW), and to clarify the way of screw placement. Methods: The Computed tomography (CT) data of 100 normal adult pelvises (50 males and 50 females respectively) were collected and pelvis three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction was performed by using Mimics software and the 3D model was imported into Geomagic Studio software. The perspective of acetabulum was carried out orienting from iliopubic eminence to ischial tuberosity and the IACD was measured by placing virtual screws which was vertical to the corridor transverse section of "teardrop". The relationship between IACD and MTMAW was analyzed. When IACD was ≥ 5 mm, 3.5mm all-in screws were placed. When IACD was < 5 mm, 3.5mm in-out-in screws were placed. Results: The IACD of males and females were (6.15 ± 1.24) mm and (5.42 ± 1.01) mm and the MTMAW in males and females were (4.40 ± 1.23) mm and (3.60 ± 0.81)mm respectively. The IACD and MTMAW in males were significantly wider than those of females (P < 0.05), and IACD was positively correlated with MTMAW (r = 0.859), the regression equation was IACD = 2.111 + 0.917 MTMAW. In the all-in screw group, 38 cases (76%) were males and 33 cases (66%) were females respectively. The entry point was located at posteromedial of the apex of iliopubic eminence, and the posterior distance and medial distance were (8.03±2.01)mm and (8.49±2.68)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (8.68±2.35)mm and (8.87±2.79)mm respectively. In the in-out-in screw group, 12 cases (24%) were males and 17 cases (34%) were females, respectively. The posterior distance and medial distance between the entry point and the apex of iliopubic eminence were (10.49±2.58)mm and (6.17±1.84)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (10.10±2.63)mm and (6.63±1.49)mm respectively. The angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the sagittal plane was medial inclination (0.42 ± 6.49) °in males, lateral inclination (8.09 ± 6.33) °in females, and the angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the coronal plane was posterior inclination (54.06 ± 7.37) °. Conclusions: The placement mode of the infra-acetabular screw(IAS) can be determined preoperatively by measuring the MTMAW in the CT axial layers. Compared with all-in screw, the in-out-in screw entry point was around 2mm outwards and backwards, and closer to true pelvic rim.

scholarly journals Radiographic analysis of the sacral-2-alar screw trajectory

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Baisheng Yuan ◽  
Yijun Han ◽  
Binglei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Normal Spine ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Right

Abstract Purpose To explore the feasibility of sacral-2-alar (S2-alar) screw placement by measuring the length, diameter, and angle of the screw trajectory on computed tomography (CT). Methods This study selected 100 Han-nationality adults in northern China with a normal spine and pelvis. CT data were imported into PHILIPS software for reconstructing the 3D digital images. The optimal S2-alar screw trajectory was imitated on CT. Parameters including the length of the screw trajectory, sagittal angle, coronal angle, distance between the entry point and the spinous process, and minimum diameter of the screw trajectory were measured to evaluate the application of S2-alar screws. Results In total, 48 males and 52 females were included. The average length of the left screw trajectory was 47.18 ± 3.91 mm. The sagittal angle was 29.06 ± 4.00°. The coronal angle was 13.31 ± 6.95°. The distance between the entry point and the spinous process was 21.0 (3.7) mm. The minimum diameter of the screw trajectory was 17.1 (2.3) mm. The average length of the right screw trajectory was 45.46 ± 4.37 mm. The sagittal angle was 23.33 ± 4.26°. The coronal angle was 14.88 ± 6.84°. The distance between the entry point and the spinous process was 22.8 (2.9) mm. The minimum diameter of the screw trajectory was 16.9 (3.1) mm. In women, the average length of the left screw trajectory was 44.80 ± 3.66 mm. The sagittal angle was 32.14 ± 5.48°. The coronal angle was 16.04 ± 7.74°. The distance between the entry point and the spinous process was 21.8 (2.8) mm. The minimum diameter of the screw trajectory was 17.1 (5) mm. The average length of the right screw trajectory was 44.01 ± 3.72 mm. The sagittal angle was 25.12 ± 5.19. The coronal angle was 16.67 ± 8.34°. The distance between the entry point and the spinous process was 21.6 (2.7) mm. The minimum diameter of the screw trajectory was 17 (4.5) mm. As seen from the data, there were significant differences in the minimum diameter of the screw trajectory in both males and females. In females, there were also significant differences between the left and right sides in the coronal angle. Between males and females, there were statistically significant differences in the length of the screw trajectory. There were no statistically significant differences in the other parameters between males and females. Conclusion The optimal screw trajectory of the S2-alar screw can be found on CT. The length and deflection angle of the screw meet the clinical requirements. This method is easy to perform and feasible for clinical application.

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