Comparison between Natural Gas and Diesel Fuel Oil Onboard Gas Turbine Powered Ships

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elgohary ◽  
Ibrahim Seddiek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Oil

Enhancing Gas Turbine Operation With Heavy Fuel Oil

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Muralidharan ◽  
Matthieu Vierling
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Hydro Power

Power generation in south Asia has witnessed a steep fall due to the shortage of natural gas supplies for power plants and poor water storage in reservoirs for low hydro power generation. Due to the current economic scenario, there is worldwide pressure to secure and make more gas and oil available to support global power needs. With constrained fuel sources and increasing environmental focus, the quest for higher efficiency would be imminent. Natural gas combined cycle plants operate at a very high efficiency, increasing the demand for gas. At the same time, countries may continue to look for alternate fuels such as coal and liquid fuels, including crude and residual oil, to increase energy stability and security. In over the past few decades, the technology for refining crude oil has gone through a significant transformation. With the advanced refining process, there are additional lighter distillates produced from crude that could significantly change the quality of residual oil used for producing heavy fuel. Using poor quality residual fuel in a gas turbine to generate power could have many challenges with regards to availability and efficiency of a gas turbine. The fuel needs to be treated prior to combustion and needs a frequent turbine cleaning to recover the lost performance due to fouling. This paper will discuss GE’s recently developed gas turbine features, including automatic water wash, smart cooldown and model based control (MBC) firing temperature control. These features could significantly increase availability and improve the average performance of heavy fuel oil (HFO). The duration of the gas turbine offline water wash sequence and the rate of output degradation due to fouling can be considerably reduced.

scholarly journals Fuel Oil Storage Effect and Impact on Utility’s Gas Turbine Operation

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Backus
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Utility Boilers ◽  
Oil Embargo ◽  
Oil Inventories ◽  
The City

The City of Austin Electric Utility, like other utilities in the country that experienced the natural gas curtailments brought about by the Arab oil embargo of the late seventies, purchased several million gallons of fuel oil and stored it for subsequent use as an alternative fuel in the event another gas shortage crisis befell the utility industry. As the price and availability of natural gas improved, gas was once again used exclusively as the primary fuel in utility boilers and gas turbines. Remaining fuel oil inventories were secured and attention to the fuel oil’s integrity and chemical stability over the years was forgotten. This paper focuses on the potential degradation of fuel oil that has been stored for several years, its impact on gas turbine operation, its rehabilitation, and a program for continued maintenance to insure reliable operation and compliance with equipment vendor specifications and operating permit emission requirements.

Repowering: An Option for Refurbishment of Old Thermal Power Plants in Latin-American Countries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Orlando Irrazabal Bohorquez ◽  
Joa˜o Roberto Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira ◽  
Electo E. Silva Lora
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

The operational rules for the electricity markets in Latin America are changing at the same time that the electricity power plants are being subjected to stronger environmental restrictions, fierce competition and free market rules. This is forcing the conventional power plants owners to evaluate the operation of their power plants. Those thermal power plants were built between the 1960’s and the 1990’s. They are old and inefficient, therefore generating expensive electricity and polluting the environment. This study presents the repowering of thermal power plants based on the analysis of three basic concepts: the thermal configuration of the different technological solutions, the costs of the generated electricity and the environmental impact produced by the decrease of the pollutants generated during the electricity production. The case study for the present paper is an Ecuadorian 73 MWe power output steam power plant erected at the end of the 1970’s and has been operating continuously for over 30 years. Six repowering options are studied, focusing the increase of the installed capacity and thermal efficiency on the baseline case. Numerical simulations the seven thermal power plants are evaluated as follows: A. Modified Rankine cycle (73 MWe) with superheating and regeneration, one conventional boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. B. Fully-fired combined cycle (240 MWe) with two gas turbines burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. C. Fully-fired combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. D. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has water injection in the combustion chamber. E. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has steam injection in the combustion chamber. F. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning natural gas and one old steam turbine. G. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning diesel fuel, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. All the repowering models show higher efficiency when compared with the Rankine cycle [2, 5]. The thermal cycle efficiency is improved from 28% to 50%. The generated electricity costs are reduced to about 50% when the old power plant is converted to a combined cycle one. When a Rankine cycle power plant burning fuel oil is modified to combined cycle burning natural gas, the CO2 specific emissions by kWh are reduced by about 40%. It is concluded that upgrading older thermal power plants is often a cost-effective method for increasing the power output, improving efficiency and reducing emissions [2, 7].

Extended Range of Fuel Capability for GT13E2 AEV Burner With Liquid and Gaseous Fuels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zajadatz ◽  
Felix Güthe ◽  
Ewald Freitag ◽  
Theodoros Ferreira-Providakis ◽  
Torsten Wind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Flame Flashback

The gas turbine market tends to drive development towards higher operational and fuel flexibility. In order to meet these requirements the GT13E21 combustion system with the AEV burner has been further developed to extend the range of fuels according to GE fuel capabilities. The development includes operation with diluted natural gas, gases with very high C2+ contents up to liquefied petroleum gas on the gaseous fuels side and non-standard liquid fuels such as biodiesel and light crude oil. Results of full scale high pressure single burner combustion test in the test facilities at DLR-Köln are shown to demonstrate these capabilities. With these tests at typical pressure and temperature conditions safe operation ranges with respect to flame flashback and lean blow out were identified. In addition, the recent burner mapping at the DLR in Köln results in emission behavior similar to typical fuels as natural gas and fuel oil #2. It was also possible to achieve low emission levels with liquid fuels with a high fuel bound nitrogen content. Based on these results the GT13E2 gas turbine has demonstrated capability with a high variety of gaseous and liquid fuel at power ranges of 200 MW and above. The fuels can be applied without specific engine adjustments or major hardware changes over a whole range of gas turbine operation including startup and GT acceleration.

Gas-Turbine-Powered Generating and Central Heating Plants

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Dennys
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Primary Power

This paper describes the first completely gas-turbine powered stations used for supplying primary power for military installations. The stations, with one exception, are equipped with waste-heat boilers which supply steam for use in all heating including barracks. Gas turbines were specified as the most economical means of satisfying the electric power and central heating requirements. The stations are completely self-contained with no connection to any commercial power. The gas turbines, with one exception, use natural gas as the primary fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel as standby fuel. Changeover to liquid fuel is automatic. Change back to gas is manual.

scholarly journals Compressed Natural Gas Technology for Alternative Fuel Power Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Isworo Pujotomo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Steam Power Plant

Gas has great potential to be converted into electrical energy. Indonesia has natural gas reserves up to 50 years in the future, but the optimization of the gas to be converted into electricity is low and unable to compete with coal. Gas is converted into electricity has low electrical efficiency (25%), and the raw materials are more expensive than coal. Steam from a lot of wasted gas turbine, thus the need for utilizing exhaust gas results from gas turbine units. Combined cycle technology (Gas and Steam Power Plant) be a solution to improve the efficiency of electricity. Among other Thermal Units, Steam Power Plant (Combined Cycle Power Plant) has a high electrical efficiency (45%). Weakness of the current Gas and Steam Power Plant peak burden still using fuel oil. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Technology may be used to accommodate the gas with little land use. CNG gas stored in the circumstances of great pressure up to 250 bar, in contrast to gas directly converted into electricity in a power plant only 27 bar pressure. Stored in CNG gas used as a fuel to replace load bearing peak. Lawyer System on CNG conversion as well as the power plant is generally only used compressed gas with greater pressure and a bit of land.

Extended Range of Fuel Capability for GT13E2 AEV Burner With Liquid and Gaseous Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Zajadatz ◽  
Felix Güthe ◽  
Ewald Freitag ◽  
Theodoros Ferreira-Providakis ◽  
Torsten Wind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Emission Behavior ◽  
Flame Flashback

The gas turbine market tends to drive development toward higher operational and fuel flexibility. In order to meet these requirements, the GT13E2® combustion system (General Electric, Schenectady, NY) with the AEV® burner (General Electric) has been further developed to extend the range of fuels according to GE fuel capabilities. The development includes operation with diluted natural gas, gases with very high C2+ contents up to liquefied petroleum gas on the gaseous fuels side, and nonstandard liquid fuels such as biodiesel and light crude oil (LCO). Results of full scale high pressure single burner combustion test in the test facilities at DLR-Köln are shown to demonstrate these capabilities. With these tests at typical pressure and temperature conditions, safe operation ranges with respect to flame flashback and lean blow out (LBO) were identified. In addition, the recent burner mapping at the DLR in Köln results in emission behavior similar to typical fuels as natural gas and fuel oil #2. It was also possible to achieve low emission levels with liquid fuels with a high fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) content. Based on these results, the GT13E2 gas turbine has demonstrated capability with a high variety of gaseous and liquid fuel at power ranges of 200 MW and above. The fuels can be applied without specific engine adjustments or major hardware changes over a whole range of gas turbine operation including startup and gas turbine (GT) acceleration.

The Development of an Ultra Low Emissions Liquid Fuel Combustor for the OPRA OP16 Gas Turbine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikke Klein ◽  
Ivar Austrem ◽  
Jan Mowill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Injection Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Pressure Swirl

During the last few years OPRA has been working intensively on the development of an ultra low emissions combustor for the OP16 gas turbine. The main focus has been on the combustion of liquid fuels (diesel fuel #2), but a natural gas and a dual fuel system has also been developed. The most important aspect of the development has been the patented Controlled Fuel Air Ratio (COFAR) system incorporating the venturi premixer, the air valve and the fuel injection nozzle. The original diesel fuel injection nozzle of the OP16 was a hybrid design, comprising a pressure swirl central injector surrounded by a classic air-blast atomizer. While the emissions with this fuel nozzle were quite good (30 ppm up to 85% load), subsequent natural gas tests demonstrating single digit emissions, while running at a higher average flame temperature indicated that there was scope for improvement of the fuel preparation system. It was clear that atomization, evaporation and mixing of the diesel fuel could be further improved. For better understanding of the combustion of diesel fuel, an atomization and mixing model was developed, to study the quality of the fuel/air mixture leaving the pre-mixer. Based on the results of this study, a fuel nozzle system, using multipoint injection with small pressure swirl nozzles was selected. Three different sets of atomizers have been evaluated and a nozzle arrangement comprising five identical pressure swirl nozzles showed the best results. The emissions on diesel fuel with the new injector proved very satisfactory. The NOx concentration was kept below 25 ppm from 50% load up to 90% load and below 30 ppm at full load. CO and UHC were well below 10 ppm. These low emissions were achieved by running at a low flame temperature (below 1820K). Furthermore, no combustion dynamics or flame instability was observed.

HIGH-RESPONSE COMPLEX FOR ANALYZING DROPLETS AND VAPORS IN AEROSOL CLOUDS FORMED IN THE ATMOSPHEREDUE TO LIQUID DISPERSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. ZAGNIT'KO ◽  
◽  
N. P. ZARETSKIY ◽  
I. D. MATSUKOV ◽  
V. V. PIMENOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
High Response ◽  
Liquid Dispersion ◽  
Diagnostic Complex ◽  
Response Complex

The high-response diagnostic complex for remote control and analyses of droplets and vapors of mazut, oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and liquefied natural gas in the clouds and turbulent aerosolflows in the atmosphere with volume up to 107 m3 is described.

Experimental comparison of the spray atomization of heavy and light fuel oil at different temperatures and pressures for pressure-swirl injector

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092199437
Author(s):  
Elyas Rostami ◽  
Hossein Mahdavy Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Liquid Film Thickness ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Breakup Length ◽  
Fuel Atomization ◽  
Mean Diameter

In this study, the atomization of heavy fuel oil (Mazut) and diesel fuel at different pressures is compared experimentally. Also, the effects of temperature on the Mazut fuel atomization are investigated experimentally. Mass flow rate, discharge coefficient, wavelength, liquid film thickness, ligament diameter, spray angle, breakup length, and sature mean diameter are obtained for the Mazut and diesel fuel. Fuels spray images at different pressures and temperatures are recorded using the shadowgraphy method and analyzed by the image processing technique. Error analysis is performed for the experiments, and the percentage of uncertainty for each parameter is reported. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results. Also, Curves are proposed and plotted to predict changes in the behavior of atomization parameters. Diesel fuel has less viscosity than Mazut fuel. Diesel fuel has shorter breakup length, wavelength, liquid film thickness, and sature mean diameter than Mazut fuel at the same pressure. Diesel fuel has a larger spray angle and a larger discharge coefficient than Mazut fuel at the same pressure. As the pressure and temperature increase, fuel atomization improves. The viscosity of Mazut fuel is decreased by temperature increase. As the fuel injection pressure and temperature increase, breakup length, wavelength, liquid film thickness, and sature mean diameter decrease; also, spray angle increases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document