scholarly journals High Loadings of Water-Soluble Oxalic Acid and Related Compounds in PM2.5 Aerosols in Eastern Central India: Influence of Biomass Burning and Photochemical Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2625-2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay K. Deshmukh ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Md. Mozammel Haque ◽  
Yan-Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Central India ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Photochemical Processing ◽  
Related Compounds

scholarly journals Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in biomass burning aerosols: implications for photochemical production and degradation in smoke layers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2209-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kundu ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
T. W. Andreae ◽  
A. Hoffer ◽  
M. O. Andreae
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Size Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Photochemical Production ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract. Aerosols in the size class <2.5 μm (6 daytime and 9 nighttime samples) were collected at a pasture site in Rondônia, Brazil, during the intensive biomass burning period of 16–26 September 2002 as part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia – Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate (LBA-SMOCC). Homologous series of dicarboxylic acids (C2–C11) and related compounds (ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls) were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among the species detected, oxalic acid was found to be the most abundant, followed by succinic, malonic and glyoxylic acids. Average concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the aerosol samples were 2180, 167 and 56 ng m−3, respectively. These are 2–8, 3–11 and 2–16 times higher, respectively, than those reported in urban aerosols, such as in 14 Chinese megacities. Higher ratios of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds to biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and K+) were found in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting the importance of photochemical production. On the other hand, higher ratios of oxalic acid to other dicarboxylic acids and related compounds normalized to biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and K+) in the daytime provide evidence for the possible degradation of dicarboxylic acids (≥C3) in this smoke-polluted environment. Assuming that these and related compounds are photo-chemically oxidized to oxalic acid in the daytime, and given their linear relationship, they could account for, on average, 77% of the formation of oxalic acid. The remaining portion of oxalic acid may have been directly emitted from biomass burning as suggested by a good correlation with the biomass burning tracers (K+, CO and ECa) and organic carbon (OC). However, photochemical production from other precursors could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in biomass burning aerosols: implications for photochemical production and degradation in smoke layers

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 19783-19815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kundu ◽  
K. Kawamura ◽  
T. W. Andreae ◽  
A. Hoffer ◽  
M. O. Andreae
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Size Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Photochemical Production ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract. Aerosols in the size class <2.5 μm (6 daytime and 9 nighttime samples) were collected at a pasture site in Rondônia, Brazil, during the intensive biomass burning period of 16–26 September 2002 as part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia – Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate (LBA-SMOCC). Homologous series of dicarboxylic acids (C2–C11) and related compounds (ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls) were identified using gas chromatography and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among the species detected, oxalic acid was found to be the most abundant, followed by succinic, malonic and glyoxylic acids. Average concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the aerosol samples were 2180, 167 and 56 ng m−3, respectively. These are 2–8, 3–11 and 2–16 times higher, respectively, than those reported in urban aerosols, such as in 14 Chinese megacities. Higher ratios of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds to biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and K+) were found in the daytime than in the nighttime, suggesting an importance of photochemical production. On the other hand, higher ratios of oxalic acid to other dicarboxylic acids and related compounds normalized to biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and K+) in the daytime provide evidence for the possible degradation of dicarboxylic acids (≥C3) in this smoke-polluted environment. Assuming that these and related compounds are photochemically oxidized to oxalic acid in the daytime and given their linear relationship, they could account for, on average, 77% of the formation of oxalic acid. The remaining portion of oxalic acid may have been directly emitted from biomass burning as suggested by a good correlation with the biomass burning tracers (K+, CO and ECa) and organic carbon (OC). However, photochemical production from other precursors could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals DUST FALL RATE AND ITS COMPOSITION IN CHANDRAPUR INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER, CENTRAL INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fall Rate ◽  
Dust Fall ◽  
Sampling Locations

  Dust is one of the significant air pollutants in ambient air of Chandrapur industrial cluster. A study was carried out to ascertain the dust fall rate in four sampling locations in the Chandrapur industrial cluster of Chandrapur district, central India. The sampling was carried out by dust fall jar method in winter season (2014-2015) and dust fall rate was estimated gravimetrically. Maximum dust fall rate was recorded in Nakoda 246.67 MT sq km-1 month-1 (industrial area, downwind direction), followed by CSTPS colony 171.77 MT sq km-1 month-1 (industrial area, downwind direction) whereas minimum concentration was found in Babupeath 55.54 MT sq km-1 month-1 (residential area, downwind direction) for December-January. Whereas, during sampling period of February-March maximum dust fall rate was observed to be 278.14 MT sq km-1 month-1 at Babupeath (residential area, upwind direction) and minimum dust fall rate was observed at Ballarpur 173.74 MT sq km-1 month-1 (industrial, upwind direction). The results indicated that dust fall rate for the sampling period of December-January in industrial cluster region was higher as compared with residential region. It has been also observed that upwind direction sampling locations had lesser dust fall rate as compared with downwind direction. The composition of dust fall from study area was dominated by water soluble components. Water insoluble components were comprised of inorganic insoluble and volatile matter. Total inorganic component per cent by weight was maximum in dust.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 96-110

scholarly journals Quantifying primary and secondary humic-like substances in urban aerosol based on emission source characterization and a source-oriented air quality model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghua Li ◽  
Junzan Han ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
Jingnan Hu ◽  
Qi Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Residential Coal

Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) are a mixture of high molecular weight, water-soluble organic compounds that are widely distributed in atmospheric aerosol. Their sources are rarely studied quantitatively. Biomass burning is generally accepted as a major primary source of ambient humic-like substances (HULIS) with additional secondary material formed in the atmosphere. However, the present study provides direct evidence that residential coal burning is also a significant source of ambient HULIS, especially in the heating season in northern China based on source measurements, ambient sampling and analysis, and apportionment with source-oriented CMAQ modeling. Emissions tests show that residential coal combustion produces 5 to 24 % of the emitted organic carbon (OC) as HULIS carbon (HULISc). Estimation of primary emissions of HULIS in Beijing indicated that residential biofuel and coal burning contribute about 70 % and 25 % of annual primary HULIS, respectively. Vehicle exhaust, industry, and power plants contributions are negligible. Average concentration of ambient HULIS was 7.5 μg/m3 in atmospheric PM2.5 in urban Beijing and HULIS exhibited obvious seasonal variations with the highest concentrations in winter. HULISc account for 7.2 % of PM2.5 mass, 24.5 % of OC, and 59.5 % of water-soluble organic carbon, respectively. HULIS are found to correlate well with K+, Cl−, sulfate, and secondary organic aerosol suggesting its sources include biomass burning, coal combustion and secondary aerosol formation. Source apportionment based on CMAQ modeling shows residential biofuel and coal burning, secondary formation are important annual sources of ambient HULIS, contributing 57.5 %, 12.3 %, and 25.8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of aerosols by synergy of caliop and modis

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 08012
Author(s):  
Rei Kudo ◽  
Tomoaki Nishizawa ◽  
Akiko Higurashi ◽  
Eiji Oikawa
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than

For the monitoring of the global 3-D distribution of aerosol components, we developed the method to retrieve the vertical profiles of water-soluble, light absorbing carbonaceous, dust, and sea salt particles by the synergy of CALIOP and MODIS data. The aerosol product from the synergistic method is expected to be better than the individual products of CALIOP and MODIS. We applied the method to the biomass-burning event in Africa and the dust event in West Asia. The reasonable results were obtained; the much amount of the water-soluble and light absorbing carbonaceous particles were estimated in the biomass-burning event, and the dust particles were estimated in the dust event.

scholarly journals Sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: primary emissions and secondary formation constrained by radiocarbon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ni ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
Ulrike Dusek
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion

&lt;p&gt;To investigate the sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosols, a major contributor to severe particulate air pollution, radiocarbon&amp;#160;(&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;) measurements were conducted on aerosols sampled from November&amp;#160;2015 to November&amp;#160;2016 in Xi'an, China. Based on the&amp;#160;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;content in elemental carbon&amp;#160;(EC), organic carbon&amp;#160;(OC) and water-insoluble OC&amp;#160;(WIOC), contributions of major sources to carbonaceous aerosols are estimated over a whole seasonal cycle: primary and secondary fossil sources, primary biomass burning, and other non-fossil carbon formed mainly from secondary processes. Primary fossil sources of&amp;#160;EC were further sub-divided into coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion by complementing&amp;#160;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;data with stable carbon isotopic signatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dominant EC&amp;#160;source was liquid fossil fuel combustion (i.e., vehicle emissions), accounting for 64&amp;#8201;% (median; 45&amp;#8201;%&amp;#8211;74&amp;#8201;%, interquartile range) of&amp;#160;EC in autumn, 60&amp;#8201;% (41&amp;#8201;%&amp;#8211;72&amp;#8201;%) in summer, 53&amp;#8201;% (33&amp;#8201;%&amp;#8211;69&amp;#8201;%) in spring and 46&amp;#8201;% (29&amp;#8201;%&amp;#8211;59&amp;#8201;%) in winter. An increased contribution from biomass burning to&amp;#160;EC was observed in winter (&lt;span&gt;&amp;#8764;28&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%) compared to other seasons (warm period;&amp;#160;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#8764;15&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%). In winter, coal combustion (&lt;span&gt;&amp;#8764;25&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%) and biomass burning equally contributed to&amp;#160;EC, whereas in the warm period, coal combustion accounted for a larger fraction of&amp;#160;EC than biomass burning. The relative contribution of fossil sources to&amp;#160;OC was consistently lower than that to&amp;#160;EC, with an annual average of&amp;#160;&lt;span&gt;47&amp;#177;4&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%. Non-fossil OC&amp;#160;of secondary origin was an important contributor to total&amp;#160;OC (&lt;span&gt;35&amp;#177;4&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%) and accounted for more than half of non-fossil&amp;#160;OC (&lt;span&gt;67&amp;#177;6&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#8201;%) throughout the year. Secondary fossil&amp;#160;OC&amp;#160;(SOC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) concentrations were higher than primary fossil&amp;#160;OC&amp;#160;(POC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) concentrations in winter but lower than POC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;in the warm period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fossil WIOC and water-soluble&amp;#160;OC&amp;#160;(WSOC) have been widely used as proxies for POC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;and SOC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, respectively. This assumption was evaluated by (1)&amp;#160;comparing their mass concentrations with POC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;and SOC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;and (2)&amp;#160;comparing ratios of fossil WIOC to fossil&amp;#160;EC to typical primary&amp;#160;OC-to-EC ratios from fossil sources including both coal combustion and vehicle emissions. The results suggest that fossil WIOC and fossil WSOC are probably a better approximation for primary and secondary fossil&amp;#160;OC, respectively, than POC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;and SOC&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;fossil&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#160;estimated using the EC&amp;#160;tracer method.&lt;/p&gt;

Investigation of atmospheric aerosols over semi-urban and urban areas in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain: seasonal variability and source apportionment using PMF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanishtha Dubey ◽  
Shubha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brick Kilns

&lt;p&gt;The study investigates the chemical composition and source of aerosol origin at a semi-urban (Kharagpur&amp;#8211;Kgp) and urban (Kolkata&amp;#8211;Kol) region during the period February 2015 to January 2016 and September 2010 to August 2011 respectively. Major water-soluble inorganic aerosols (WSII) were determined using Ion chromatography and carbonaceous aerosols (CA) using OC&amp;#8211;EC analyser. A multivariate factor analysis Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used in resolving source of aerosols at the study locations. Seasonal analysis of WSII at Kgp and Kol indicated relative dominance of calcium at both the places followed by sodium, chloride, and magnesium ions. Non-sea salt potassium (nss&amp;#8211;K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;), a biomass burning tracer was found higher at Kol than at Kgp. Sum of secondary aerosols sulphate (SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;), nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) and ammonium (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) was higher at Kol than Kgp with relative concentration of SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt; being higher than NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; at Kgp which was vice-versa at Kol. Examination of carbonaceous aerosols showed three times higher concentration of organic carbon (OC) than elemental carbon (EC) with monthly mean of OC/EC ratio &gt; 2, indicating likely formation of secondary organic carbon formation. Seasonal influence of biomass burning inferred from nss&amp;#8211;K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (OC/EC) ratio relationship indicated dissimilarity in seasonality of biomass burning at Kgp (Kol). PMF resolved sources for Kgp constituted of secondary aerosol emissions, biomass burning, fugitive dust, marine aerosols, crustal dust and emissions from brick kilns while for Kol factors constituted of burning of waste, resuspended paved road dust, coal combustion, sea spray aerosols, vehicular emissions and biomass burning.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Anikó Vasanits-Zsigrai ◽  
Attila Machon ◽  
Tamás Varga ◽  
István Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Regional Background

Abstract. Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, air pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in-situ in regional background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central part of its largest city, Budapest in each season for 1 year-long time interval. The samples were analysed for PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), radiocarbon, levoglucosan (LVG) and its stereoisomers, and some chemical elements. Carbonaceous aerosol species made up 36 % of the PM2.5 mass with a modest seasonal variation and with a slightly increasing tendency from the regional background to the city centre (from 32 to 39 %). Coupled radiocarbon-LVG marker method was applied to apportion the total carbon (TC = OC + EC) into contributions of EC and OC from fossil fuel (FF) combustion (ECFF and OCFF, respectively), EC and OC from biomass burning (BB) (ECBB and OCBB, respectively) and OC from biogenic sources (OCBIO). Fossil fuel combustion showed rather constant daily or seasonal mean contributions (of 35 %) to the TC in the whole year in all atmospheric environments, while the daily contributions of BB and biogenic sources changed radically (from

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document