Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an epidemic public health problem worldwide. It is common in the Middle East and is more severe in women. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors in women living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 166 women aged 30–65 years. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics, as well as intake of selected dietary supplements, were collected. Weight and height were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was reported in 60.2% of participants. Mean of serum 25(OH)D was 20.7 ng/mL. Older age and taking the supplements of vitamin D, multi-vitamins or calcium were identified as factors that associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D. A national strategy is needed to control a hypovitaminosis D crisis in Saudi Arabia. This could be accomplished by raising public awareness regarding vitamin D, regulating and enhancing vitamin D fortification and supplementation and screening vitamin D status among women at high risk.

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Menopausal symptoms and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women screened for the metabolic syndrome

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-006-0239-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 275 (3) ◽

pp. 161-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

P. Chedraui ◽

L. Hidalgo ◽

D. Chavez ◽

N. Morocho ◽

M. Alvarado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Menopausal Symptoms ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adults in the Southwest Region of Cameroon

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2018/4742574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Delphine A. Tangoh ◽

Tobias O. Apinjoh ◽

Yasir Mahmood ◽

Robert V. Nyingchu ◽

Beatrice A. Tangunyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

West Region ◽

South West ◽

Study Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

South West Region

Background. Vitamin D has been shown to exert its actions on the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, prostate, renal, endocrine, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Current reported data of hypovitaminosis D reveals a global pandemic, with an estimated one billion people worldwide presenting with hypovitaminosis D. Objective. This study aimed at investigating the vitamin D status and its associated risk factors in Cameroonians from the South West Region. Method. The study was a community- and hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. It was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons between the months of July and December 2015 in the South West Region of Cameroon involving 372 participants aged 35 years and above. After obtaining informed consent, a structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency. Blood samples were collected from the volunteer participants in the peak months of the rainy season and dry season, and the serum used to analyse for vitamin D by ELISA and calcium by spectrophotometry. 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L (≥30 ng/mL) were considered sufficient while levels <75 nmol/L were considered as hypovitaminosis D (insufficiency/deficiency). Results. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency/insufficiency) was prevalent in 25.8% (96) of the study population, with only 3.2% (12) deficiency and 22.6% (84) insufficiency. There was a significant inverse relationship r=−0.119,p=0.02 between age and 25(OH)D levels; however, this relationship was not significant when controlled for gender, number of hours spent outdoors, and percentage of body covered. Gender, ethnic origin, percentage of body covered, time spent outdoors, and season did not influence serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is relatively low in this study population and only age is a risk factor of vitamin D deficiency.

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The Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clinical Medicine Insights Women s Health ◽

10.1177/1179562x18767884 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 1179562X1876788 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riyadh A Alzaheb

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a worldwide epidemic. Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia, have high vitamin D deficiency prevalence, most prominently among women, despite their plentiful year-round sunshine. Previous research investigating vitamin D status among Saudi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) is scarce, and no study has used a nationally representative sample, so this review quantified overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence among women in Saudi Arabia and explored the associated risk factors. The Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline databases were searched for prior studies in Saudi Arabia exploring vitamin D status among women of reproductive age, published between January 1, 2000 and May 25, 2017. Data were extracted from the identified studies, and a random effects model meta-analysis established the overall hypovitaminosis D prevalence. The initial search yielded 223 possibly relevant articles; 13 were confirmed as eligible, with samples totaling 2877 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Meta-analysis revealed a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D, level of 13.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6-14.6) and an overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, defined as 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL, of 77.4% (95% CI: 63.2-87.3), mostly due to insufficient sunlight exposure and low dietary vitamin D intake. There is therefore a need for a national strategy to raise vitamin D levels among women in Saudi Arabia by advising them on natural vitamin D sources, and recommending the timing and duration of sun exposure, while also defining a national approach to vitamin D fortification and supplementation.

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Prevalence of Excess Weight Gain and Associated Risk Factors Among Postmenopausal Women: A Population-based Study in Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30002/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

ISAAC MENSAH BONSU ◽

Hellen Myezwa ◽

Corlia Brandt ◽

Moses M. Omoniyi ◽

Tunde A. Ajidahun

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Study Participant ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Excess Weight Gain ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background:Excess weight (obesity and overweight) is a pervasive condition that is considered a global epidemic and a threat to public health. Furthermore, numerouschanges in fat deposits occur with the advent of menopause, leading to a change in the distribution of body fat. Therefore this study determined the prevalence of excess weight gain and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women (PW) in Ghana.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over five months at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana. A total of 378 postmenopausal women were recruited for this study. Validated questionnaires were administered to obtain the socio-demographic data from each study participant. Anthropometrics such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among participants were also determined. Data were inputted into excel, and analysis was done using IBM SPSS 25.Results: The mean age of study participants was 60.09±6.24 years with the 51-60 years age group having the highest frequency (48.8%). Out of the total study participants, 26.8%, 8.2% and 9.0% with desirable weight were recorded using BMI, WHtR, and WHR respectively. And there was no significant difference (P=0.999) between the proportions for WHtR and WHR. However, the distribution of study participants with desirable weight by BMI was significantly higher than that of WHtR (P=0.0031) and WHR (P=0.0063). BMI, WHtR and WHR recorded participants with the excess weight of 73.2%, 91.8%, and 91.0% respectively out of the total study participants and there was no significant difference among the stratified study participants. Participants age ≤50 years were at a high risk of been obese even though it was not significant. Study participants with > 15 years of the postmenopausal stage have a high chance of been obese for BMI and WHtR but not WHR.Conclusions: The prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were higher among postmenopausal women using the WHR than BMI and WHtR. Participants age ≤ 50 years, parity and those from the Ga tribe were also at a higher risk of having abdominal obesity.

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Metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in Brazilian postmenopausal women

Climacteric ◽

10.1080/13697130902718168 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

E. A. Petri Nahas ◽

N. P. Padoani ◽

J. Nahas-Neto ◽

F. L. Orsatti ◽

A. P. Tardivo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence of excess weight gain and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women: a population-based study in Ghana.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30002/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Mensah Bonsu ◽

Hellen Myezwa ◽

Corlia Brandt ◽

Moses M. Omoniyi ◽

Tunde A. Ajidahun

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Study Participant ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Excess Weight Gain ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background: Excess weight (obesity and overweight) is a pervasive condition that is considered a global epidemic and a threat to public health. Furthermore, numerous changes in fat deposits occur with the advent of menopause, leading to a change in the distribution of body fat. Therefore this study determined the prevalence of excess weight gain and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women (PW) in Ghana.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over five months at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana. A total of 378 postmenopausal women were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain the socio-demographic data from each study participant. Anthropometrics such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among participants were also determined. Data were inputted into excel, and analysis was done using IBM SPSS 25.Results: BMI, WHtR and WHR recorded participants with the excess weight of 73.2%, 91.8%, and 91.0% respectively out of the total study participants and there was no significant difference among the stratified study participants. Participants age ≤50 years were at a high risk of been obese even though it was not significant. Study participants with > 15 years of the postmenopausal stage have a high chance of been obese for BMI and WHtR but not WHR. The mean age of study participants was 60.09±6.24 years with the 51-60 years age group having the highest frequency (48.8%). Out of the total study participants, 26.8%, 8.2% and 9.0% with desirable weight were recorded using BMI, WHtR, and WHR respectively. And there was no significant difference (P=0.999) between the proportions for WHtR and WHR. However, the distribution of study participants with desirable weight by BMI was significantly higher than that of WHtR (P=0.0031) and WHR (P=0.0063). Conclusions: The prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were higher among postmenopausal women using the WHR than BMI and WHtR. Participants age ≤ 50 years, parity and those from the Ga tribe were also at a higher risk of having abdominal obesity.

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