scholarly journals Expression of Skin Barrier Protein Filaggrin in Skin Diseases without Atopic Dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chen Tu ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Shengxiang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier

Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Atopic Dermatitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Nora Harfouch ◽  
Fouz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Colonization Rates

Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiu Ji ◽  
Xiao-Kang Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Pruritic Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder affecting many people especially young children. It is a disease caused by the combination of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier defect. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in many skin diseases and skin aging, possibly including AD. In this review, we give an update on scientific progress linking oxidative stress to AD and discuss future treatment strategies for better disease control and improved quality of life for AD patients.

scholarly journals Advances in understanding the genetic basis of inherited single gene skin barrier disorders: new clues to key genes that may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joey E Lai-Cheong ◽  
John A. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Protein Therapy ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Ichthyosis Vulgaris

Increasing knowledge of genomic DNA sequences and genetic databases has led to the characterization of the molecular basis of several inherited skin disorders. In this review we summarize some of the major recent discoveries that have been made in defining the pathogenic mutations that cause inherited disorders of the skin barrier leading to skin scaling or increased transepidermal water loss in either rare disorders (Netherton’s syndrome or harlequin ichthyosis) or more common genodermatoses (ichthyosis vulgaris). These molecular breakthroughs have led to more accurate diagnoses, better genetic counselling and, where appropriate, the feasibility of DNA-based prenatal diagnosis, as well as the possibility of developing newer forms of treatment, including gene or protein therapy. Identifying the molecular basis of these conditions, especially ichthyosis vulgaris, has also provided dramatic new insight into the genetic abnormalities in the common disorder, atopic dermatitis. Thus research on the relatively rare single gene inherited skin disorders not only has benefits for patients and their families with these uncommon conditions but also has the potential to yield fresh and significant new information about very common skin diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Kasraie ◽  
Thomas Werfel
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
New Findings

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common and most intensively studied chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Several cofactors, such as an impaired skin barrier function, modifications of the immune system, and a complex genetic background, direct the course of AD. Within this complex network, macrophages play a pivotal role in enhanced susceptibility to cutaneous infections and act as central connecting components in the pathogenesis of AD on the cellular level. In AD, macrophages are known to accumulate in acutely and chronically inflamed skin. During the early and short inflammatory phase, macrophages exert proinflammatory functions like antigen-presenting phagocytosis and the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that facilitate the resolution of inflammation. However, persistence of pro-inflammatory activity and altered function of macrophages result in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as AD. The exact mechanism of macrophages activation in these processes is not yet completely understood. Further studies should be performed to clarify the dysregulated mechanism of macrophages activation in AD, and this would allow us to target these cells with versatile functions for therapeutic purpose and improve and control the disease. In this paper, we highlight the new findings on dysregulated function of macrophages and the importance of these cells in the pathogenesis of AD in general and the contribution of these cells in enhanced susceptibility against microbial infections in particular.

scholarly journals Atopic dermatitis: advancement and problems in understanding the essence of the disease and its treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 650-655
Author(s):  
N. A. Voronkova ◽  
E. V. Dontsova ◽  
L. A. Novikova ◽  
L. N. Borzunova
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The review represents the analysis of modern data on the pathogenesis and methods of treatment of atopic dermatitis (AtD). The literature search was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, e-library databases. AtD is one of the most common skin diseases, aff ecting about 20% of children and 5% of adults in advanced countries. The disease is multifactorial by its etiology. Among the genetic factors, the main attention is paid to the mutation of the gene encoding the synthesis of fi laggrin-protein involved in the functioning of the skin barrier. The role of cytokines regulating the synthesis of IgE — interleukins (IL) -4, -5, -12, -13, -31 is studied in the genesis of immune disorders in AtD. Steady-state stress accompanying pruritic dermatitis contributes to the development of anxiodepressive сonditions degrades quality of life, and stress-related increase of cortisol level may be essential in impairing the barrier function of the skin. Among the new approaches to the treatment of patients with AtD, the possibilities of using Selank, which represents the group of regulatory peptides and narrow-band phototherapy of the 311 nm range, are discussed.

scholarly journals Nanodelivery Strategies for Skin Diseases with Barrier Impairment: Focusing on Ceramides and Glucocorticoids

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Cíntia Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Filipe ◽  
Catarina Rosado ◽  
Catarina Pereira-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Water Holding

The human epidermis has a characteristic lipidic composition in the stratum corneum, where ceramides play a crucial role in the skin barrier homeostasis and in water-holding capacity. Several skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, exhibit a dysfunction in the lipid barrier with altered ceramide levels and increased loss of transepidermal water. Glucocorticoids are normally employed in the therapeutical management of these pathologies. However, they have shown a poor safety profile and reduced treatment efficiency. The main objective of this review is to, within the framework of the limitations of the currently available therapeutical approaches, establish the relevance of nanocarriers as a safe and efficient delivery strategy for glucocorticoids and ceramides in the topical treatment of skin disorders with barrier impairment.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Implications for Management in Children

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chovatiya ◽  
Silverberg
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory skin diseases associated with a significant cutaneous and systemic burden of disease as well as a poor health-related quality of life. Here, we review the complex pathophysiology of both AD and psoriasis and discuss the implications for treatment with current state-of-the-art and emerging topical and systemic therapies. Both AD and psoriasis are caused by a complex combination of immune dysregulation, skin-barrier disruption, genetic factors, and environmental influences. Previous treatments for both diseases were limited to anti-inflammatory agents that broadly suppress inflammation. Emerging insights into relevant pathways, including recognition of the role of T-helper type 2 driven inflammation in AD and T-helper 1 and 17 driven inflammation in psoriasis, have led to a therapeutic revolution. There are a number of novel treatment options available for AD and psoriasis with many more currently under investigation.

MODULATORY EFFECT OF PERIOSTRACUM CICADAE AND BETULAE CORTEX EXTRACTS ON THE ACTIVATION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS-RELATED ION CHANNELS ORAI1 AND TRPV3

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Joo Hyun Nam ◽  
Hyo Won Jung ◽  
Woo Kyung Kim ◽  
Hyo Sang Bae
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Background: The cast-off shells of Cryptotympana pustulata (Periostracum Cicadae, PC) and the bark of Betula platyphylla (Betulae Cortex, BC) are used as traditional medicines for the treatment of skin diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of PC and BC extracts on the activation of the ion channels, calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (ORAI1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 (TRPV3). Materials and Methods: Human HEK293T cells, co-overexpressing ORAI1/stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) or overexpressing TRPV3, were treated with PC or BC extracts at 0.1 mg/mL. The changes in ORAI1 and TRPV3 activities were measured using a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results: PC and BC extracts significantly decreased ORAI1 activation in ORAI1-STIM1 co-overexpressing HEK293T cells and significantly increased TRPV3 activation in TRPV3 overexpressing cells, compared to that of 2- aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB, 100 μM), a known agonist of TRPV3. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PC and BC extracts have therapeutic potential to improve skin barrier abnormalities in atopic dermatitis via modulation of ORAI1 and TRPV3 activation.

scholarly journals Skin barrier: structure and immune changes in common skin diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Marius-Anton Anton Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Common Skin

Skin barrier must be seen as a complex structure with complex functions involving hydrolipidic film, stratum corneum, the intercellular cement and also immunologic barrier as innate adaptive immune system (as Toll Like Receptors - TLR), complement, dendritic cells and antigen-related responses. Skin barrier changes are seen in different skin diseases as atopic dermatitis, rosacea , contact dermatitis and others. In the first part of this article we describe skin physical barrier and its key elements roles (ceramides, filaggrin, tight junctions and claudins), the clinical consequences of barrier damages in different common skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, xeroses of different origins). Immune skin barrier is complex and in this first part of the article we focus only on innate immune system skin represented by Toll Like Receptors and their role in the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). In the second part we present ex vivo and in vivo studies on skin physical barrier repair and improvement of AMP expression in human skin by modulating TLR2. The management of human skin barrier damages and their repair by active topicals must by a holistic approach, taking in account the complexity of physical and of immune barriers of the skin.

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