Fossil Fuels Running out: Third Generation Micro Algal Biofuels Showing Light of Hope

The large application potential of micro-algae in the clean energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have recently drawn a substantial world interest. Biofuels, bioactive pharmaceutical drugs and food additives are organic, natural and economical sources. As biofuels, they have a good cost, renewability or environmental replacement for liquid fossil fuels. Microalges provide productive biomass feedstock for biofuel as demand for biofuels rises worldwide. These resources may be processed into biodiesel with ample supplies of biomass in rural communities. The cultivation of genetically modified algae in recent years has been pursued to promote the marketing of algae. In particular, this would benefit society if linked with a successful policy on algal biofuels and other by-products in the government. In terms of survival of the world's current problems, Algal technologies are a transformative but complementary tool. Algal fuel marketing remains a bottleneck and a threat. It is technically possible to have a big output but it is not economic. This study therefore focuses principally on problems in commercial development of biological microalgae and potential strategies for overcoming this challenge.

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Application of Conjugated Chlorophyll from Natural Dye (Imperata cylindrica) to Apply in Hybrid DSSC as Third Generation Solar Energy

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.301.135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 301 ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Nurhayati Ishak ◽

Hasiah Salleh ◽

Salisa Abdul Rahman ◽

Ahmad Nazri Dagang ◽

Nurul Huda Kamarulzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Green Energy ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽

Third Generation ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Infra Red ◽

Huge Impact ◽

Uv Visible

High performances of Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are necessary in absorbing more sunlight and needed renewable energy source to replace depleted fossil fuels via green energy. Hybrid DSSC is another promising option towards green energy to explore. This research aims, i) to study conjugated chlorophyll in order to increase charge carrier in molecule structure besides, increase the absorption spectrum via conjugating process with the addition of different amount Ferric (III) Chloride (FeCl3) acting as catalyst and, ii) to determine the effect of FeCl3 on the performance of conjugated dye as sensitizers in Hybrid DSSC. The conjugated chlorophyll shows a using UV-Visible analysis corresponding to conjugated chlorophyll absorbed in high region called red shifted which the maximum absorption obtain at a wavelength of 360nm and 311nm. Fourier Transform Infra-Red characterization of the an existing Fe-O bond appears at 430 cm-1 to 445 cm-1 and C≡C bond at 2244 cm-1 to 2260 cm-1. 10% FeCl3 in conjugated chlorophyll produce huge impact to electrical conductivity and efficiency with the highest value; 0.114 S/cm and 0.14%; respectively. Thus, it can be conclude that 10% FeCl3 of conjugated chlorophyll – Imperata cylindrica (iCHLO-IC) was suitable to be used for the next generation of hybrid DSSC.

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FEATURES

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030312000304 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (05) ◽

pp. 24-43

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Third Generation ◽

Modern Life ◽

Algal Biofuels ◽

Generation Biofuel ◽

The Way

Combining Modern Life Sciences Toolbox to Tackle Current Bottlenecks for Algal Biofuels. Biodiesel: From Lab to Industry. Biofuels from Microorganisms. Membranes for Biofuel Separation. Carbon Dioxide Bio-mitigation and Third Generation Biofuel - The Way Forward.

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Rapid Aggregation of Biofuel-Producing Algae by the Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain RP1137

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01496-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (19) ◽

pp. 6093-6101 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Ryan J. Powell ◽

Russell T. Hill

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Low Energy ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Magnesium Ions ◽

Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽

Algal Biofuels ◽

Content Type ◽

Ph Dependent ◽

Bacterium Bacillus

ABSTRACTAlgal biofuels represent one of the most promising means of sustainably replacing liquid fuels. However, significant challenges remain before alga-based fuels become competitive with fossil fuels. One of the largest challenges is the ability to harvest the algae in an economical and low-energy manner. In this article, we describe the isolation of a bacterial strain,Bacillussp. strain RP1137, which can rapidly aggregate several algae that are candidates for biofuel production, including aNannochloropsissp. This bacterium aggregates algae in a pH-dependent and reversible manner and retains its aggregation ability after paraformaldehyde fixation, opening the possibility for reuse of the cells. The optimal ratio of bacteria to algae is described, as is the robustness of aggregation at different salinities and temperatures. Aggregation is dependent on the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. The efficiency of aggregation ofNannochloropsis oceanicaIMET1 is between 70 and 95% and is comparable to that obtained by other means of harvest; however, the rate of harvest is fast, with aggregates forming in 30 s.

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Systematic review and perspective on the progress of algal biofuels

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125703008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 257 ◽

pp. 03008

Author(s):

Muxin Hu ◽

Dichen Zhao ◽

Qiuchi Jin ◽

Hanrui Li ◽

Wenmin Wang

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Scale Production ◽

Practical Application ◽

Algal Biofuel ◽

Algal Biofuels ◽

Energy Field ◽

Algae Biofuels

In recognition of the increasing demand of energy and the worsening environmental problems linked with fossil fuels usage, algal biofuel has been proposed as one of the alternative energy sources. It has become one of the hottest topics in renewable energy field in the new century, especially over the past decade. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of different types of algae biofuels. Besides, an in-depth evaluation of the systematic cultivation and practical application of algae have been conducted. Although algal biofuel has a great potential, its unacceptably high cost limits the large-scale industrialization. In order to resolve such restrictions, feasible methods of improving the large scale production and practical application of algal biofuels are proposed. Future efforts should be focused not only on the cost reduction and innovation techniques, but also towards high value by-products to maximize economic benefits. Our results are dedicated to provide valuable references for subsequent research and guidelines on algae biofuels field.

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Global Warming and Third Generation Algal Biofuels : A Review

THE JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.32381/jpsr.2021.37.01.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 155-165

Author(s):

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Third Generation ◽

Algal Biofuels

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Using macroalgae as biofuel: current opportunities and challenges

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/bot-2019-0065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 355-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Gao ◽

James Grant Burgess ◽

Min Wu ◽

Shujun Wang ◽

Kunshan Gao

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Energy Productivity ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Algal Biofuels

AbstractThe rising global demand for energy and the decreasing stocks of fossil fuels, combined with environmental problems associated with greenhouse gas emissions, are driving research and development for alternative and renewable sources of energy. Algae have been gaining increasing attention as a potential source of bio-renewable energy because they grow rapidly, and farming them does not, generally, compete for agricultural land use. Previous studies of algal biofuels have focused on microalgae because of their fast growth rate and high lipid content. Here we analyze the multiple merits of biofuel production using macroalgae, with particular reference to their chemical composition, biomass and biofuel productivity, and cost-effectiveness. Compared to microalgae, macroalgae have lower growth rates and energy productivity but higher cost-effectiveness. A biomass productivity of over 73.5 t dry mass ha−1 year−1 with a methane yield of 285 m3 t−1 dry mass would make electricity production from macroalgae profitable, and this might be achieved using fast-growing macroalgae, such as Ulva. Taking into account the remediation of eutrophication and CO2, exploring macroalgae for a renewable bioenergy is of importance and feasible.

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