Influence of Cold Start and Ambient Temperatures on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Gordon E. Andrews ◽  
Dimitrios Savvidis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation with alternate wetting and drying irrigation of rice agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R.K. Runkle ◽  
Arlene Adviento-Borbe ◽  
Michele L. Reba ◽  
Beatriz Moreno-García ◽  
Sandhya Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Aerobic Soil

<p>Rice production contributes roughly 11% of global CH4 anthropogenic emissions while producing food for over 3 billion people. The alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practice for rice has the potential to conserve water while reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions through the deliberate, periodic introduction of aerobic soil conditions. Our work in the US Mid-South rice production region has demonstrated, using the eddy covariance method on adjacent fields, that AWD can reduce field CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by about 66% without impacting yield. In any strategy, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions should also be monitored to take advantage of the high carbon sequestration potential of rice and low potential N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Careful water and fertilizer management can theoretically keep N<sub>2</sub>O emissions low. All three gases should be managed together, while sustaining or improving harvest yield, to create a sustainable rice production system.</p><p> </p><p>We now present 5 years of closed chamber measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> and compare them to the eddy covariance measurements of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> to derive a more thorough perspective on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or global warming potential basis of rice production from the highly productive, mechanized, humid, US Mid-South. Global warming potential of GHG emissions from rice systems was dominated by CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (74 to 100%), hence mitigating efforts need to focus on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Greater reduction of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions can be achieved by proper AWD management practice combined with adequate N fertilization. We end with a comment on the upcoming challenge of how to sequester CO<sub>2</sub> uptake as soil organic matter via litter incorporation without increasing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. </p>

scholarly journals Characterizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential of Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems in Response to Organic Amendments in Eutric Regosols, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Hamidou Bah ◽  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Yanqiang Wang ◽  
Jialiang Tang ◽  
Bo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Pig Slurry

Characterizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) has become a key step in the estimation of atmospheric GHG concentrations and their potential mitigation by cropland management. However, the impacts of organic amendments on GHG, GWP, and yield-scaled GWP on cropland have not been well documented. Here, we investigate four amendment treatments (no amendment, mineral fertilizers, and pig slurry or crop residue combined with mineral fertilizers) during a two-year field experiment in rain-fed wheat-maize cropping systems. The results show that the average annual cumulative methane (CH4) flux ranged from −2.60 to −2.97 kg·C·ha−1 while nitrous oxide (N2O) flux ranged from 0.44 to 4.58 kg·N·ha−1 across all four treatments. N2O emissions were significantly correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen (i.e., NH4+-N and NO3−-N), and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during both the winter wheat and summer maize seasons. On average, organic amendments combined with mineral fertilizers increased the annual GWP by 26–74% and yield-scaled GWP by 19–71% compared to those under only mineral fertilizers application. This study indicates that the fertilization strategy for Eutric Regosols can shift from only mineral fertilizers to organic amendments combined with mineral fertilizers, which can help mitigate GHG emissions and GWP while maintaining crop yields.

Biochar production under low pyrolysis temperature leads to lesser overall global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity under lowland and upland short-term condition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronley Canatoy ◽  
Seung Tak Jeong ◽  
Pil Joo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Intensity ◽  
Upland Condition

<p>Biochar is a carbon-rich black stable solid substance that when utilized as soil amendment can effectively mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. However, during the pyrolysis process of organic feedstock (i.e. manure) greenhouse gases are released as the feedstock undergo thermochemical degradation. Many studies were reported with regards to the effectiveness of biochar to mitigate greenhouse gas emission and to maintain soil quality via carbon sequestration. However, no clear investigation was done regarding biochar utilization on reducing GHG emission in an integrated perspective that starts from pyrolysis (production) to field application (utilization). To evaluate the integrated influence of biochar utilization on the overall Global Warming Potential (GWP) and (Greenhouse Gas Intensity) GHGI at different temperature, the fluxes of GHGs during feedstock pyrolysis to soil application were calculated. The key components include GHGs released during production processes and biogenic GHG emissions taking place in the soil via short-term incubation experiment in lowland and upland condition treated with biochar pyrolyzed at different temperature. Highest pyrolysis temperature of 700<sup>o</sup>C emitted 6.92 Mg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ton<sup>-1</sup> biochar, wherein 8.7% and 91.2% was contributed by Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) effluxes, respectively, during pyrolysis. This GHG emission during pyrolysis at 700<sup>o</sup>C was 5.6, 2.2, and 1.5 times higher than at 400<sup>o</sup>C, 500<sup>o</sup>C and 600<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. Meanwhile, biochar produced at lowest temperature (Biochar400) when utilized as soil amendment emitted 43.4 and 38.2 Mg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> in lowland and upland condition, respectively. In addition, this emission value under lowland (and upland) condition was 1.38 (1.36), 1.51 (1.56) and 1.86 (1.91) times higher than Biochar500, Biochar600 and Biochar700, respectively. Combining the GWP during the production and the utilization processes in lowland and upland condition reveal that at 400<sup>o</sup>C emanates the lowest overall GWP of 93.3 and 88.1 Mg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.  Moreover, under lowland (and upland) condition, overall GWP at 400<sup>o</sup>C was noted to be 65.7% (71.7%), 131.6% (140.4%) and 221.9% (237.1%), lower than at 500<sup>o</sup>C, 600<sup>o</sup>C and 700<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. In conclusion, the use of lower temperature during biomass pyrolysis and utilization of its derived biochar could be a practical approach to mitigate GHG emissions.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Biochar, Pyrolysis, Greenhouse gas, Methane, Global warming potential, Greenhouse gas intensity</p>

Impact of Driving Cycles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1320-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Li ◽  
Gordon E Andrews ◽  
Dimitrios Savvidis ◽  
Basil Daham ◽  
Karl Ropkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycles
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document