Occupant Kinematics during Moderate-to-High Speed Side Impacts: An Analysis of IIHS Crash Data over the Past Decade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atarod
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Occupant Kinematics

An evaluation of occupant dynamics during moderate-to-high speed side impacts

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199493
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atarod
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Body Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Occupant Loading

The present study examined trends in occupant dynamics during side impact testing in vehicle models over the past decade. “Moderate-to-high” speed side impacts (delta-V ≥15 km/h) were analyzed. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) side impact crash data was examined ( N = 126). The test procedure involved a moving deformable barrier (MDB) impacting the sides of stationary vehicles at 50.0 km/h. Instrumented 5th-percentile female SID IIs dummies were positioned in the driver and left rear passenger seats. Occupant head, neck, shoulder, torso, spine, and pelvis/femur responses (times histories, peaks, and time-to-peak values) were evaluated and compared to injury assessment reference values (IARVs). The effects of delta-V, vehicle model year, vehicle body type, and occupant seating position on dynamic responses were examined. The vehicle lateral delta-Vs ranged from 15.9 to 34.5 km/h. The MY2018-2020 demonstrated lower peak dynamics than MY2010-2013, for the driver head acceleration (53.7 ± 11.3 g vs 46.4 ± 11.6 g), shoulder lateral forces (1.7 ± 0.7 kN vs 1.5 ± 0.2 kN), average rib deflection (29.8 ± 8.3 mm vs 28.4 ± 6.2 mm), spine accelerations at T4 (51.4 ± 23.4 g vs 39.6 ± 5.9 g) and T12 (56.3 ± 18.5 g vs 45.2 ± 9.6 g), iliac forces (1.9 ± 1.0 kN vs 1.2 ± 0.9 kN), and acetabular forces (1.9 ± 0.8 kN vs 1.3 ± 0.5 kN). The driver indicated statistically higher dynamic responses than the left rear passenger. Higher wheelbase vehicles generally showed lower occupant loading than the smaller vehicles. In conclusion, a reduction in occupant loading and risks for injury was observed in vehicle models over the past decade. This provides further insight into injury mechanisms, occupant dynamics simulations, and seat/restraint design.

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

An atomic-resolution microscope study of Al contracts on GaAs

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Z. Liliental-Weber ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
R. Ludeke ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
J. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Free Interfaces ◽  
Potential Use

The properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces have received considerable attention over the past few years, and the Al/GaAs system is of special interest because of its potential use in high-speed logic integrated optics, and microwave applications. For such materials a detailed knowledge of the geometric and electronic structure of the interface is fundamental to an understanding of the electrical properties of the contact. It is well known that the properties of Schottky contacts are established within a few atomic layers of the deposited metal. Therefore surface contamination can play a significant role. A method for fabricating contamination-free interfaces is absolutely necessary for reproducible properties, and molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE) offers such advantages for in-situ metal deposition under UHV conditions

Sampling, Preservation and Counting of Samples II: Zooplankton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wiebe ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Mark Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plankton Collection

This chapter reviews traditional and new zooplankton sampling techniques, sample preservation, and sample analysis, and provides the sources where in-depth discussion of these topics is addressed. The net systems that have been developed over the past 100+ years, many of which are still in use today, can be categorized into eight groups: non-opening/closing nets, simple opening/closing nets, high-speed samplers, neuston samplers, planktobenthos plankton nets, closing cod-end samplers, multiple net systems, and moored plankton collection systems. Methods of sample preservation include preservation for sample enumeration and taxonomic morphological analysis, and preservation of samples for genetic analysis. Methods of analysis of zooplankton samples include determination of biomass, taxonomic composition, and size by traditional methods; and genetic analysis of zooplankton samples.

scholarly journals WebRTC - Realtime Communication for the Open Web Platform

Queue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Niklas Blum ◽  
Serge Lachapelle ◽  
Harald Alvestrand
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Access ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
High Speed Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Web Platform

In this time of pandemic, the world has turned to Internet-based, RTC (realtime communication) as never before. The number of RTC products has, over the past decade, exploded in large part because of cheaper high-speed network access and more powerful devices, but also because of an open, royalty-free platform called WebRTC. WebRTC is growing from enabling useful experiences to being essential in allowing billions to continue their work and education, and keep vital human contact during a pandemic. The opportunities and impact that lie ahead for WebRTC are intriguing indeed.

scholarly journals Address of the President Sir Henry Dale, C.B.E., at the Anniversary Meeting, 1 December 1941

1942 ◽  
Vol 179 (978) ◽  
pp. 233-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical College ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Symbolic Structure ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

This is the first occasion on which I have had the great honour of addressing the Royal Society on this anniversary of its foundation. According to custom, I begin with brief mention of those whom death has taken from our Fellowship during the past year, and whose memories we honour. Alfred Young (1873-1940), distinguished for his contributions to pure mathematics, was half brother to another of our Fellows, Sydney Young, a chemist of eminence. Alfred Young had an insight into the symbolic structure and manipulation of algebra, which gave him a special place among his mathematical contemporaries. After a successful career at Cambridge he entered the Church, and passed his later years in the country rectory of Birdbrook, Essex. His devotion to mathematics continued, however, throughout his life, and he published a steady stream of work in the branch of algebra which he had invented, and named ‘quantitative substitutional analysis’. He lived to see his methods adopted by Weyl in his quantum mechanics and spectroscopy. He was elected to our Fellowship in 1934. With the death of Miles Walker (1868-1941) the Society loses a pioneer in large-scale electrical engineering. Walker was a man of wide interests. He was trained first for the law, and even followed its practice for a period. Later he studied electrical engineering under Sylvanus Thompson at the Finsbury Technical College and became his assistant for several years. Thereafter, encouraged by Thompson, he entered St John’s College, Cambridge, with a scholarship, and graduated with 1st Class Honours in both the Natural Sciences and the Engineering Tripos. Having entered the service of the British Westinghouse Company, he was sent by them to the United States of America to study electrical engineering with the parent company in Pittsburgh. On his return to England he became their leading designer of high-speed electrical generators

Sino-Japan Aid War and India’s Role: Possibilities for ‘Win-Win-Win’

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-308
Author(s):  
Takeshi Daimon-Sato
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Common Interests

For the past decade, China and Japan have been competing against each other over aid market with its implicit intention to pursue their economic interests, which turned into a rivalry between two diplomatic concepts: Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) versus Japanese Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) Strategy. The severe competition over high-speed rail (HSR) by two countries, joined by French and German competitors, has been intensified for the benefit of China, taking all of its catchup benefits with its dubious sense of rule of law. This article asks if the two initiatives can coexist with the entry of India into the game and form an equilibrium of ‘grand coalition’, benefiting all its players as ‘win-win-win’ game, which turns out to be feasible and unstable. Nevertheless, Japan still seems to have a good reason to keep India as a strategic partner of FOIP as well as a ‘gateway’ for Central and Western Asia with fragile states such as Afghanistan and Pakistan, and official development assistance (ODA) could play a significant catalyst role as ‘human security’ promoted by Professor Amartya Sen and ex-UNHCR Ms. Sadako Ogata. The COVID-19 pandemic together with the exit of the isolationist US administration may provide the world with glimmering sense of hope for the year 2021 and beyond, if and only if one becomes more aware of the complementarities of comparative advantage of China, India and Japan to pursue common interests.

Aeroelastic Problems in connection with High-Speed Flight

1956 ◽  
Vol 60 (547) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aerodynamic Derivatives ◽  
Mach Numbers ◽  
The One

SummaryA review is given of developments in the field of aeroelasticity during the past ten years. The effect of steadily increasing Mach number has been two-fold: on the one hand the aerodynamic derivatives have changed, and in some cases brought new problems, and on the other hand the design for higher Mach numbers has led to thinner aerofoils and more slender fuselages for which the required stiffness is more difficult to provide. Both these aspects are discussed, and various methods of attack on the problems are considered. The relative merits of stiffness, damping and massbalance for the prevention of control surface flutter are discussed. A brief mention is made of the recent problems of damage from jet efflux and of the possible aeroelastic effects of kinetic heating.

scholarly journals Data visualisation of vehicle crash using interactive map and data dashboard

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaki Abd Razak ◽  
Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi ◽  
Ray Adderley JM Gining ◽  
Muhammad Nabil Fikri Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Car Accident

Vehicle crash contributes to a significant number of deaths and injuries in human races around the world. The government and the transportation expert work together around the clock to lessen the number of injuries and fatalities cause from vehicle crash issues. To come out with an effective solution whether from improving the trafficking system including road conditions or increasing awareness among drivers, the experts must analyse the data of vehicle crash from the past decades to find the major causes and come out with a decision. The lack of suitable techniques and tools to analyse a large amount of data is a deterrent in analysing vehicle crash datasets, and the process costs a lot of time. Data visualisation is a technique that allows people to display data in a more infographic form via data visualisation models. Therefore, this study aims to promote and elaborate more on data visualisation techniques using the interactive map and data dashboard to display vehicle crash data. Interactive map and data dashboard can help the government and transportation experts to describe vehicle crash data for them to make right decision to lessen car accident issues. The interactive map focuses on displaying vehicle crash data in map presentation while the data dashboard shows some charts and graph that describe the vehicle crash data in the statistical form. This study can be a reference model of creating interactive map and data dashboard or enhancing the capabilities in managing vehicle crash.

scholarly journals The Machinability of Steels by Abrasive Water Jet

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Process Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kerf Angle ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Feature Pattern

Abrasive Water jet machining (AWJM) is a Non-Traditional manufacturing process, were the material is expelled from the workpiece by effect erosion of pressurized high-speed water stream mixed with high-speed abrasives. There are such a significant number of procedure parameters influence with nature of the machined surface can be done by AWJM. The process variables are, the cross speed, water driven weight, remain off separation, rough stream rate and kind of grating are significant. This measures in AWJM are Surface Roughness (SR, Rate of Material Removal (RMR), Kerf angle, cutting depth. At the past, the survive completed from different kinds of steel was inproved and investigated on AWJM research by identifying with execution estimates checking and procedure control and process factor advancement. In this paper, a study undergoes on AWJM about feature pattern regarding various types of steels.

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