Effect of Tin Oxide Coatings by Spray Pyrolysis Process on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium, Brass and Mild Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shunmugasundaram ◽  
A. Praveenkumar ◽  
L. Ponraj Sankar ◽  
S. Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Solution Flow

Mechanical properties of materials are enhanced by different methods to increase the usage of the materials. In this research spray pyrolysis method is employed to increase the mechanical characteristics of three different materials. The tin oxide is chosen as coated material and aluminium, brass, mild steel are selected as substrate materials. The 500nm thin film is developed over the substrate materials by spray pyrolysis. The substrate temperature are chosen as 300? C for aluminium, 400? C for brass and mildsteel. Nozzle to substrate distance is 0.4 m, substrate temperature is 300? C for aluminium and 400? C for solution concentration as 0.2 mole and solution flow rate is 1ml/min are selected for constant deposition parameters. The hardness and tensile strength result clearly shows that strength is increased by adding the coating over the surface. The material is heated above crystallization temperature and SnO2 increases the tensile and hardness strength of the materials. The triangular metrological microscope is used to examine the microstructure of non coated and coated substrate materials. The microstructural analysis is showed that the uncoated surface of the substrate material is full of rough and pores. And displays that the tin oxide coated surface of the substrates after the initial deposition disclosed a surface with a agglomeration of tin oxide in homogeneous and uniform than the uncoated substrates.

Nanostructures and Properties of Vanadium Oxide Thin Film Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Elvan Şenarslan ◽  
Betül Güzeldir ◽  
Mustafa Sağlam
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Oxide Thin Film ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Deposition Parameters

In this research, we reported structural, optical and morphological properties of va nadium oxide thin films directly grown on the glass substrates by fully automated spray pyrolysis equipment. The substrate temperature was set at 450 °C and the nozzle to substrate distance was optimized to be 20 cm. The precursor solution was prepared as 0.05 M by mixing 0.393 gr of vanadium trichloride (VCl3) in 50 mL of deionized water. The deposition parameters were 5 mL in 1 minute solution flow rate, 90° position of spray nozzle towards the substrate. Atmospheric air was used as carrier gas with 2.5 mbar pressure. Nanostructures and optical properties of as-grown films examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer techniques. After thin films annealed at 500 °C, SEM, XRD and absorption measurements were taken again. The obtained results were compared.

Optoelectronic Properties of Fluorine and Cobalt Co-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoual Houaidji ◽  
Mejda Ajili ◽  
Baghdadi Chouial ◽  
Najoua Turki Kamoun ◽  
Kenza Kamli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Hall Mobility ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Chemical Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Chemical Spray ◽  
Co Doped

Transparent conducting Cobalt-fluorine co-doped tin oxide (SnO2: (Co, F)) thin filmswere deposited onto preheated glass substrates using the chemical spray pyrolysis method. The ([Co2+]/[Sn4+]) atomic concentration ratio (y)in the spray solution was varied between 0 and 5 at. %. The structural, electrical, optical and photoluminescence properties of these films were studied. It is found that the thin films are polycrystalline with a tetragonal crystal structure corresponding to SnO2 phase having a preferred orientation along the (200) plane. Transmission and reflection spectra reveal the presence of interference fringes indicating thickness uniformity and surface homogeneity of the deposited thin films. The electrical resistivity (ρ), volume carrier concentration density (Nv), surface carrier concentration density (Ns) and Hall mobility (μ) of the synthesized thin films were determined from the Hall Effect measurements in the Van der Paw-configuration and the following results were obtained: n-type conductivity in all deposited films, a low resistivity of 1.16×10-2 Ω.cm, and a high Hall mobility of 15.13×102 cm2.V-1.s-1with Co concentration equals to 3 at. %. These results show that the electrical properties of these thin films where greatly improved making them suitable as ohmic contact in photovoltaic application devices.

EFFECT OF ANTIMONY AND FLUORINE DOPING ON ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TIN OXIDE FILMS PREPARED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS METHOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. SHAMALA ◽  
L. C. S. MURTHY ◽  
K. NARASIMHA RAO
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Electron Conduction ◽  
Tin Oxide Films

Undoped, antimony doped and fluorine doped tin oxide films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The films were deposited on glass substrates at temperatures ranging between 300°C and 370°C by spraying an alcoholic solution of tin tetra chloride ( SnCl 4). Dopants used were antimony tri chloride ( SbCl 3) for antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) films, and ammonium fluoride ( NH 4 F ) for fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) films. Among undoped tin oxide films, the least resistivity was found to be 3.1 × 10-3 Ω-cm for a molar concentration of 0.75 M. In case of antimony doped films minimum resistivity value was found to be 7.7 × 10-4 Ω-cm for a film with ( Sb / Sn ) = 0.065, deposited at 370°C and in case of fluorine doped films it was found to be 1.67 × 10-3 Ω-cm for a doping percentage of 3 at% of fluorine in 0.1 M solution. The corresponding values of the carrier concentrations were found to be 1.8 × 1020/cm3 and 9.98 × 1020/cm3, respectively. The electrical and optical properties of these films were studied as a function of both doping concentration and substrate temperature. Doping percentage of antimony and fluorine in the spray solution has been optimized for achieving a minimum electrical resistivity. The dependence of electrical properties such as resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility of doped films were analyzed. Influence of antimony dopant on the optical band gap of the films has been reported on the basis of electron conduction mechanism. Air and argon annealing effects on the electrical properties of antimony doped tin oxide films were also studied.

scholarly journals Neutralization Dialysis for Phenylalanine and Mineral Salt Separation. Simple Theory and Experiment

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kozmai ◽  
Elena Goleva ◽  
Vera Vasil’eva ◽  
Victor Nikonenko ◽  
Natalia Pismenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Strong Electrolyte ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Mode

A simple non-steady state mathematical model is proposed for the process of purification of an amino acid solution from mineral salts by the method of neutralization dialysis (ND), carried out in a circulating hydrodynamic mode. The model takes into account the characteristics of membranes (thickness, exchange capacity and electric conductivity) and solution (concentration and components nature) as well as the solution flow rate in dialyzer compartments. In contrast to the known models, the new model considers a local change in the ion concentration in membranes and the adjacent diffusion layers. In addition, the model takes into consideration the ability of the amino acid to enter the protonation/deprotonation reactions. A comparison of the results of simulations with experimental data allows us to conclude that the model adequately describes the ND of a strong electrolyte (NaCl) and amino acid (phenylalanine) mixture solutions in the case where the diffusion ability of amino acids in membranes is much less, than mineral salts. An example shows the application of the model to predict the fluxes of salt ions through ion exchange membranes as well as pH of the desalination solution at a higher than in experiments flow rate of solutions in ND dialyzer compartments.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization, and Dissolution RateIn VitroEvaluation of TotalPanaxNotoginsenoside Nanoparticles, Typical Multicomponent Extracts from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Using Supercritical Antisolvent Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Zhao ◽  
Wengang Li ◽  
Yuangang Zu ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Supercritical Antisolvent ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeters

TotalPanaxnotoginsenosides nanoparticles, typical multicomponent extracts from traditional Chinese medicine, were prepared with a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process using ethanol as solvent and carbon dioxide as antisolvent. The optimum conditions were determined to be as follows: TPNS solution concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, TPNS solution flow rate of 6.6 mL/min, precipitation temperature of 40°C, and precipitation pressure of 20 MPa. Under the optimum conditions, TPNS nanoparticles with a MPS of 141.5 ± 18.2 nm and total saponins amounts (TSA) of 78.9% were obtained. The TPNS nanoparticles obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeters (DSC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the chemical and crystal structure of the obtained TPNS nanoparticles has not changed. Dissolutionin vitrostudies showed that the solubility and dissolution rate of notoginsenosides R1 and ginsenoside Rb1 in TPNS nanoparticles are higher than these in raw TPNS, with no obvious difference in Rg1. These results suggest that TPNS nanoparticles can be helpful to the improvement of its bioavailability for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Synthesis and Study of Carbon Nanotubes by the Spray Pyrolysis Method Using Different Carbon Sources.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1752 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Beatriz Ortega Garcia ◽  
Oxana Kharissova ◽  
Francisco Servando Aguirre-Tostado ◽  
Rasika Dias
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

ABSTRACTAccording to the reports of Z.E. Horvath et al [1] and Liu Yun-quan et al [5], carbon nanotubes can be synthesized by spray pyrolysis from different carbon sources (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, toluene and acrylonitrile) and several metallocene catalysts (ferrocene, cobaltocene and nickelocene). This paper describes two different existing methods for growth of carbon nanotubes and the influence of applied parameters (oven temperature, synthesis time, catalyst concentration, carrier gas flow and solution flow) on the CNT's morphology. Also, a possible influence of number of carbons in carbon sources and structures of their compounds (linear or aromatic) on properties of formed carbon nanotubes. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied for characterization of obtained materials.

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