Development of a Femur Neck Bone Mineral Density Measuring Device for Accurate Examination

Background:Hand osteoarthritis (OA) and its more severe subset erosive hand OA are common causes of pain and morbidity. Some metabolic factors were suggested to be implicated in erosive disease. Few studies investigated differences in systemic bone loss between erosive and non-erosive hand OA.Objectives:To compare the change of bone mineral density (BMD) between patients with erosive and non-erosive hand OA in a two-year longitudinal study.Methods:Consecutive patients with symptomatic HOA fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were included in this study. Erosive hand OA was defined by at least one erosive interphalangeal joint. All patients underwent clinical assessments of joint swelling and radiographs of both hands. DEXA examination of lumbar spine, total femur and femur neck was performed at the baseline and after two years.Results:Altogether, 141patients (15 male) with symptomatic nodal HOA were included in this study and followed between April 2012 and January 2019. Out of these patients, 80 had erosive disease after two years. The disease duration (p<0.01) was significantly higher in patients with erosive compared with non-erosive disease at baseline.Osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5 SD) was diagnosed in 12.5% (9/72) of patients with erosive hand OA and in 8.06% (5/57) of patients with non-erosive hand OA at baseline. BMD was significantly lowered in patients with erosive compared with non-erosive disease at baseline (lumbar spine: 1.05g/cm2 vs. 1.13 g/cm2, p<0.05, total femur: 0.90 g/cm2 vs. 0.97 g/cm2, p<0.01 and femur neck: 0.86 g/cm2 vs. 0.91, p<0.05). T-scores of lumbar spine (-0.96 vs. -0.41 SD, p<0.05), total femur (-0.69 vs. -0.33 SD, p<0.05) and femur neck (-1.14 vs. -0.88 SD, p<0.05) were also significantly lowered in patients with erosive compared with non-erosive disease.Two years, the BMD remained also significantly lowered in patients with erosive compared with non-erosive disease (lumbar spine: 1.05g/cm2 vs. 1.14 g/cm2, p<0.05, total femur: 0.92 g/cm2 vs. 0.97 g/cm2, p<0.05 and femur neck: 0.86 g/cm2 vs. 0.91, p<0.05), which was in agreement with the finding for T-scores of lumbar spine (-1.05 vs. -0.39 SD, p<0.05), total femur (-0.74 vs. -0.34 SD, p<0.01) and femur neck (-1.07 vs. -0.72 SD, p<0.01).Conclusion:These results suggest that patients with erosive hand OA are at higher risk for the development of general bone loss. Over two years patients with erosive disease had significant lower bone mineral density at all measured sites.References:[1]This work was supported by the project AZV no. 18-00542 and MHCR No. 023728.Acknowledgments:Project AZV no. 18-00542 and MHCR No. 023728Disclosure of Interests:Karel Pavelka Consultant of: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, MSD, BMS, Egis, Roche, UCB, Medac, Pfizer, Biogen, Ladislav Šenolt: None declared, Olga Sleglova: None declared, Jiří Baloun: None declared, Olga Růžičková: None declared

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Effects of 3-year GH replacement therapy on bone mineral density in younger and elderly adults with adult-onset GH deficiency

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0886 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 181-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mariam Elbornsson ◽

Galina Götherström ◽

Celina Franco ◽

Bengt-Åke Bengtsson ◽

Gudmundur Johannsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

The Elderly ◽

Marginal Effect ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Gh Replacement ◽

Femur Neck

ObjectiveLittle is known of the effects of long-term GH replacement on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly GH-deficient (GHD) adults.Design/patients/methodsIn this prospective, single-center, open-label study, the effects of 3-year GH replacement were determined in 45 GHD patients >65 years and in 45 younger control GHD patients with a mean age of 39.5 (s.e.m.1.1) years. All patients had adult-onset disease and both groups were comparable in terms of number of anterior pituitary hormonal deficiencies, gender, body mass index, and waist:hip ratio.ResultsThe mean maintenance dose of GH was 0.24 (0.02) mg/day in the elderly patients and 0.33 (0.02) mg/day in the younger GHD patients (P<0.01). The 3 years of GH replacement induced a marginal effect on total body BMC and BMD, whereas femur neck and lumbar (L2–L4) spine BMC and BMD increased in both the elderly and the younger patients. The treatment response in femur neck BMC was less marked in the elderly patients (P<0.05 vs younger group). However, this difference disappeared after correction for the lower dose of GH in the elderly patients using an analysis of covariance. There were no between-group differences in responsiveness in BMC or BMD at other skeletal locations.ConclusionsThis study shows that GH replacement increases lumbar (L2–L4) spine and femur neck BMD and BMC in younger as well as elderly GHD patients. This supports the notion that long-term GH replacement is also useful in elderly GHD patients.

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The effects of sarcopenia and obesity on femur neck bone mineral density in elderly Korean men and women

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia ◽

10.1016/j.afos.2016.04.002 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sangmo Hong ◽

Woong Hwan Choi

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Men And Women ◽

Femur Neck

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Association Between Serum Ferritin Levels and Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Women

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v57i12.3468 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lama ALjeshi ◽

Shaden Haddad

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Serum Ferritin Level ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femur Neck

As women go through menopause, serum estrogen decreases, and ferritin increases. Ferritin is an essential component of the body, but many studies have stated that ferritin, which exceeds the normal physiological range, may potentially cause health problems in women. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and serum ferritin levels in post-menopausal women and to evaluate serum ferritin levels as a potential biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Serum ferritin levels were measured in 62 postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density, and in 18 postmenopausal healthy control women using a standardized Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Bone mineral density BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The mean serum ferritin level was significantly higher in the postmenopausal women with low BMD group (group 1) than in the normal control group (group 2), respectively (mean=262.69 vs. 181.44 ng/ml, (P<0.05), and serum ferritin level was negatively correlated with BMD among low BMD postmenopausal women's group (R= -0.628, P=0.0001), and in the healthy postmenopausal group (R= -0.052, P=0.838). A comparison of the BMD between spine and femur neck sites shows that the frequency of low BMD in the spine site is higher than the femur neck site. Our findings show that increased serum ferritin levels were associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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Influence of Number of Parity on Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v33i2.28023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

Irin Parveen Alam ◽

Mohd Azharul Haque ◽

Saleha Begum Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Common Disease ◽

Mineral Density ◽

T Score ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

Age Range

Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial.Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women.Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected.Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Wards triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial. Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected. Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Wards triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78

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Frequency of Low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i4531092 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Ihsanullah Rajar ◽

Nasrullah Aamer ◽

Narindar Kumar ◽

Prem Kumar ◽

Kapeel Raja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

T Score ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femur Neck

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methodology: This cross sectional study on 151 Liver cirrhotic patients was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. This study duration was 6 months, July 2015 to December 2015. The Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) for each relevant patient was done using ultrasound impedance Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) by senior pathologist having ≥05 years of experience, across the calcaneum, at lumbar spine (LS) and femur neck (FN), were computed by using computer supported device. The BMD was expressed in terms of T score. The WHO standard value was utilized to define the low BMD / osteoporosis is T score -1.5. Results: The mean age of subjects was 31.32±6.18 years. Out of all, 62.9% were males whereas 37.1% were females. About 21% patients had low/abnormal bone mineral density (BMD). Among these, 17.9% had bone mineral density (BMD) of -1.5 to -2.5 and 4% had BMD of <-2.5. Rest of 78.1% patients had a normal (>-1.5) bone mineral density (BMD). Majority of patients, 63.6% had a CTP grade B of liver cirrhosis, whereas 22.5% had A grade and 13.9% had C grade of liver cirrhosis. Conclusion: Conclusively, the risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) was evidently high for patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Male gender and age above 30 years were found at greater risk and CTP grade B of cirrhosis was most common.

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VLIYaNIE ISSLEDOVANIYa MINERAL'NOY PLOTNOSTI KOSTI (MPK) V STANDARTNYKh LOKALIZATsIYaKh I DOPOLNITEL'NYKh IZMERENIY MPK NA USTANOVLENIE DIAGNOZA OSTEOPOROZA

Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases ◽

10.14341/osteo2005221-24 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

M P RUBIN ◽

R E ChEChURIN

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Fracture Threshold ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Two Sides ◽

Adjacent Vertebra

The aim of the study was to improve the quality of densitometric evaluations of bone mineral density disorders. Dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry data collected in 874 females were analyzed. All patients had got bone mineral density examination of the lumbar spine, proximal femur at the both sides; some of the patients also had been measured at the distal radius. We hypothesize that the judgment of diagnostic categories (osteoporosis stages) should include consideration of bone mineral density data both for L2-L4 and for any of two adjacent vertebra, as well as variations of the femur neck data between the two sides. Ultradistal forearm bone densitometry was carried out for osteopenic patients who had had a Colles'fracture -to estimate fracture risk for the opposite radius. The osteoporotic fracture threshold for such cases may be at T-Score of -.1.

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral density: results from the Bayesian weighted quantile sum regression

10.1101/19010710 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Colicino ◽

Nicolo Foppa Pedretti ◽

Stefanie Busgang ◽

Chris Gennings

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Secondary Analyses ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractBackgroundPer- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals, detected in 95% of Americans, that induce osteotoxicity and modulate hormones thereby influencing bone health. Previous studies found associations between individual PFAS and bone mineral density but did not analyze their combined effects.ObjectiveTo extend weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to a Bayesian framework (BWQS) and determine the association between a mixture of serum PFAS and mineral density in lumbar spine, total and neck femur in 499 adults from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe used BWQS to assess the combined association of nine PFAS, as a mixture, with bone mineral density in adults. As secondary analyses, we focused on vulnerable populations (men over 50 years and postmenopausal women). Analyses were weighted according to NHANES weights and were adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Sensitivity analyses included bone mineral density associations with individual compounds and results from WQS regressions.ResultsThe mean age was 55 years old (Standard Error [SE]=1) with average spine, total and neck femur mineral densities of 1.01 (SE=0.01), 0.95 (SE=0.01), and 0.78 (SE=0.01) gm/cm2, respectively. PFAS mixture levels showed no evidence of association with mineral density (spine: β=-0.004; 95% credible interval [CrI]=-0.04, 0.04; total femur: β=0.002; 95%CrI=-0.04, 0.05; femur neck: β=0.005; 95%CrI=-0.03, 0.04) in the overall population. Results were also null in vulnerable populations. Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe introduced a Bayesian extension of WQS and found no evidence of the association between PFAS mixture and bone mineral density.

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Correlation Between Duration From Injury and Bone Mineral Density in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.5535/arm.20169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Hyehoon Choi ◽

So-youn Chang ◽

Jaewan Yoo ◽

Seong Hoon Lim ◽

Bo Young Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Cord Injury

Objective To investigate the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and duration of injury in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Patients with SCI who visited the outpatient department between January 2009 and January 2019 were enrolled. Patients’ most recent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry images were reviewed. According to the 2007 International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines, vertebrae with a local structural change were excluded when deriving spine BMD. If one or no vertebra is suitable for evaluation, spine BMD was judged as “improper for assessment”. Correlation analysis was performed between duration from injury and BMD Z-scores of the hip and spine.Results Among 83 individuals with SCI, the spines of 44 were judged as improper for assessment. The correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the duration from injury and femur neck BMD (r=-0.40, p<0.01) and total proximal femur BMD (r=-0.39, p<0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between the duration from injury and spine BMD Z-score.Conclusion The duration of SCI correlated with hip BMD, but not with spine BMD. Further, more than half of the individuals with SCI could not undergo spinal assessment due to local structural changes. Therefore, spine BMD measurement is not an appropriate method for predicting future fracture risk in those with SCI.

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The correlation of anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density to femur neck fracture risk in elderly population.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.03.3404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (03) ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Wajid Akbar ◽

Humaira Imtiaz ◽

Usman Ali ◽

Amna Halima

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

T Score ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Femur Neck Fracture ◽

Neck Fracture

Hip fracture is the leading cause of morbidity in the geriatric population of Pakistan. The anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density is closely associated with risks of femur fracture on the elderly. Objectives: This study is oriented upon the relation of anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density with femur neck fracture in the elderly. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan. Period: May 2015 to October 2015. Material & Methods: A total of 121 patients both male and female from 50 to 70 years old were included in the study. Thirty patients had a history of hip fractures while 91 patients were age matched controls. Patients below 40 years and above 70 years were excluded as well as patients on long term steroids, or rheumatoid arthritis and bed ridden. Data regarding patient’s age, sex as well as height and weight were recorded. Both height and weight were measured in light clothing without shoes. Weight was measured using an electronic scale and standing height was measured to the nearest centimeter with a stadiometer. Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m).2 Bone mineral density was assisted by Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) heel, using WHO T-score. The Anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density of hip fracture cases were then compared with age-matched control groups. For statistical analysis of data, we used SPSS 20. Results: The average age of hip fracture patients were higher than the control. Females with hip fracture found taller, lighter and had low BMI (p=0.003). Bone mineral density of hip fracture cases were significantly lower as compared to T-score of control (p=0.0001). Height correlated significantly with BMI (r=2.68 p=0.005) and with BMD (r=2.56 p=0.005). Weight had significant correlation with BMI (r= 0.488 p=0.0001) and with BMD (r=0.212 p=0.002). Conclusion: The anthropometric parameter, especially body mass Index and bone mineral density seems to be associated with the risk of femur neck fracture.

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