scholarly journals The state of art in the horticulture lighting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Marian Gilewski
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article presents an overview of currently used greenhouse lighting systems. It does not apply to traditional sodium lighting systems, but only to the most modern LEDs. The publication presents descriptions of lamp designs, both foreign and Polish. The aim of the work is not only to review solutions, but also to identify the reasons for the low transfer of scientific and technical solutions to business. There are several barriers to overcome, mainly subjective ones, so that new solutions can be implemented and developed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Ki-Ho, J. Yu-Min, O. Myung-Min, "Application of supplementary white and pulsed light-emitting diodes to lettuce grown in a plant factory with artificial lighting", Springer 57(6), 561 (2016). CrossRef M. Gilewski, "The role of light in the plants world", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 4 (2019). CrossRef K.J. McCree, Agricultural Meteorology (Elsevier Publishing Company 1972). CrossRef G. Trouwborst, J. Oosterkamp, S. Hogewoning, V. Ieperen, "The application of LEDs as assimilation light source in greenhouse horticulture: A simulation study", the 6th Int. Symposium on Light in Horticulture. Tsukuba. Japan, Nov. 2009. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, J. Kopcewicz, " Two calcium dependent protein kinases are differently regulated by light and have different activity patterns during seedling growth in Pharbitis nil", Springerlink.com, Journal: 10725, Article: 9609, 2011. CrossRef Philips Lighting, Horticultural LED lighting applications, 2020: https://www.lighting.philips.com/main/products/horticulture. DirectLink E. de Beer, P.H. van Baar, 3 reasons why intercanopy lighting is effective for high-wire vegetables, 2020: www.lighting.philips.com. DirectLink HLG, Refurbished HLG 550, 2020, https://horticulture-lightinggroup.com/collections/lamps/products/refurbished-hlg-550-v1 DirectLink Neonica Polska, 2020, www.growy.eu CrossRef I. Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, "An automated system for evaluation of the quality of light sources", 6th IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries : LUMEN V4, Sept. 2016. CrossRef EconoLux Ind. Ltd., "What Light do Plants Need", Hong Kong, 2016, http://econoluxindustries.com/light-plants-need.html. DirectLink Heliospectra AB, heliospectra DYNA, 2020, https://www.heliospectra.com/led-grow-lights/dyna. DirectLink Plantlux, Horticulture LED SMD lamp Plantalux XX640W, 2020, https://plantalux.pl/en/plantalux-xx640w-en/. DirectLink M. Gilewski, "An Adaptive and Monoculture Oriented LEDs Lamp", 978-1-5386-7924-1/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE, 2018. CrossRef

scholarly journals The ecological hazard of artificial lighting in greenhouses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Marian Gilewski
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase Activity

This article draws attention to the shortcomings of modern lighting systems used in greenhouses. Its content focuses on the negative effects of mismatches between the photosynthetic needs of plants and the parameters of artificial light sources. Greenhouse lamps designers often do not have the knowledge of biological cultivation dependencies. Therefore, their cooperation with specialists of plant physiology and gardeners is indispensable. This is important because it can affect the consumer quality of vegetables. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.Kucharczyk, I.Gąsak, Ecological effects of light pollution , III International Conference on Scientific and Technical TRANSEIA, Krynica Zdrój, Poland, 6-8 December 2017. DirectLink T. H. Goldsmith, What Birds See, Scientific American Inc. (2006), CrossRef E.J. Gerl, M.R. Morris, The Causes and Consequences of Color Vision, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 2008. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, J. Kopcewicz, Two calcium dependent protein kinases are differently regulated by light and have different activity patterns during seedling growth in Pharbitis nil, open access at Springerlink.com, Journal: 10725, Article: 9609, 2011. CrossRef K. Jaworski, A. Pawełek, J. Kopcewicz, A. Szmidt-Jaworska, The calcium-dependent protein kinase (PnCDPK1) is involved in Pharbitis nil flowering, Journal of Plant Physiology 169 p. 1578-1585, 2012. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, J. Kopcewicz, Effect of light on soluble guanylyl cyclase activity in Pharbitis nil seedlings, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 93 p. 9-15, 2008. CrossRef Horticulture Lighting Group, Goniophotometer Test Report of the ELITE ECO lamp CrossRef K. Marra, E. P. LaRochelle, M. S. Chapman, P. J. Hoopes, K. Lukovits, E. V. Maytin, T. Hasan, B. W. Pogue, Comparison of Blue and White Lamp Light with Sunlight for Daylight‐Mediated, 5‐ALA Photodynamic Therapy, in vivo, Wiley Online Library, 16 April 2018 CrossRef M. Gilewski, The Ecological Harmfulness of RGB LED Light, International Conference on Energy, Power, Electrical and Environmental Engineering : EPEEE 2018, DEStech Publications, Wuhan, Hong Kong, September 27-28, 2018. CrossRef K. J. McCree, The Action Spectrum, Absorptance and Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis in Crop Plants, Agricultural Meteorology, Elsevier Publishing Company, 9 p. 191-216 , 1972. CrossRef EconoLux Indastries Ltd., What Light do Plants Need, Hong Kong CrossRef I. Ashdown, Photometry and Photosynthesis: From Photometry to PPFD, SunTracker Technologies Ltd CrossRef OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, Horticulture Lighting with LEDs, OS SSL | NR AW CH, November 2016 CrossRef M. Mottus, M. Sulev, F. Baret, R. Lopez-Lozano, A. Reinart, Photosynthetically Active Radiation: Measurement and Modeling CrossRef Heliospectra AB, Full Flexibility ELIXIA grow ligh CrossRef Heliospectra AB, Full Flexibility ELIXIA grow light CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska1, K. Jaworski1, A. Tretyn, J. Kopcewicz, The involvement of cyclic GMP in the photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil, J. Plant Physiol. 161. p. 277-284, 2004. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, J. Kopcewicz, The Involvement of Cyclic ADPR in Photoperiodic Flower Induction of Pharbitis nil, J Plant Growth Regul 25: p. 233-244, 2006. CrossRef A. Szmidt-Jaworska, K. Jaworski, A. Zienkiewicz, M. Lenartowska, J. Kopcewicz, Guanylyl cyclase activity during photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil, Plant Growth Regul 57: p. 173-184, 2009. CrossRef U.J. Błaszczak, D.A. Aziz, L. Gryko, Influence of the spectral composition of LED lighting system on plants cultivation in a darkroom, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10445, (2017) 1-9. CrossRef L. Gryko, U. Blaszczak, A.S. Zajac, Colorimetric characterization of the tunable LED-based light source at the output of the homogenizing rod, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10808, 2018. CrossRef I.Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, An automated system for evaluation of the quality of light sources, 6th IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries : LUMEN V4, Karpacz, September 13-16, 2016. CrossRef J. Kusznier, M. Zajkowski, L. Budzynski, D. Tyniecki, Ring optical mixer for LED with truncated surfaces, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10325, 2017. CrossRef W. Wojtkowski, LED Power Supply with Thermal Protection for Automotive Application, 7th Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries : LUMEN V4, Třebíč, September 18-20, 2018. CrossRef W. Wojtkowski, Constant Frequency Operation of the Parallel Loaded Resonant DC/DC Converter for Power LED Lighting, International Conference on Energy, Power, Electrical and Environmental Engineering : EPEEE 2018, DEStech Publications, Wuhan, Hong Kong, September 27-28, 2018. CrossRef Pashiardis S, Kalogirou SA and Pelengaris A. Characteristics of Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) Through Statistical Analysis at Larnaca, Cyprus. SM J Biometrics Biostat. 2(2): 1009, 2017. DirectLink R. Inger, J. Bennie, T. W. Davies, K. J. Gaston, Potential Biological and Ecological Effects of Flickering Artificial Light, PLoS One, vol. 9(5) (2014) PMC4038456 CrossRef C. Dong, Y. Fu, G. Liu, H. Liu, "Growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to LED light sources with different spectra combinations", J Agron Crop Sci, vol. 200, p. 219-230, 2014. CrossRef

Organic Light Emitting Diodes - Innovative Light Sources

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Stakharny
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Organic Leds ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Prospects Of Application

This article is a review of the new light source – organic LEDs having prospects of application in general and special lighting systems. The article describes physical principles of operation of organic LEDs, their advantages and principal differences from conventional non-organic LEDs and other light sources. Also the article devoted to contemporary achievements and prospects of development of this field in the spheres of both general and museum lighting as well as other spheres where properties of organic LEDs as high-quality light sources may be extremely useful.

scholarly journals A Supervisory Control Strategy for Improving Energy Efficiency of Artificial Lighting Systems in Greenhouses

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Gianluca Serale ◽  
Luca Gnoli ◽  
Emanuele Giraudo ◽  
Enrico Fabrizio
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Power Densities

Artificial lighting systems are used in commercial greenhouses to ensure year-round yields. Current Light Emitting Diode (LED) technologies improved the system efficiency. Nevertheless, having artificial lighting systems extended for hectares with power densities over 50W/m2 causes energy and power demand of greenhouses to be really significant. The present paper introduces an innovative supervisory and predictive control strategy to optimize the energy performance of the artificial lights of greenhouses. The controller has been implemented in a multi-span plastic greenhouse located in North Italy. The proposed control strategy has been tested on a greenhouse of 1 hectare with a lighting system with a nominal power density of 50 Wm−2 requiring an overall power supply of 1 MW for a period of 80 days. The results have been compared with the data coming from another greenhouse of 1 hectare in the same conditions implementing a state-of-the-art strategy for artificial lighting control. Results outlines that potential 19.4% cost savings are achievable. Moreover, the algorithm can be used to transform the greenhouse in a viable source of energy flexibility for grid reliability.

scholarly journals Towards the Optimum Light Source Spectrum

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chalmers ◽  
Snjezana Soltic
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Luminous Efficacy ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Colour Rendering

This paper is concerned with designing light source spectra for optimum luminous efficacy and colour rendering. We demonstrate that it is possible to design light sources that can provide both good colour rendering and high luminous efficacy by combining the outputs of a number of narrowband spectral constituents. Also, the achievable results depend on the numbers and wavelengths of the different spectral bands utilized in the mixture. Practical realization of these concepts has been demonstrated in this pilot study which combines a number of simulations with tests using real LEDs (light emitting diodes). Such sources are capable of providing highly efficient lighting systems with good energy conservation potential. Further research is underway to investigate the practicalities of our proposals in relation to large-scale light source production.

scholarly journals The Influence of Artificial Lighting Systems on the Cultivation of Algae: The Example of Chlorella vulgaris

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Beata Brzychczyk ◽  
Tomasz Hebda ◽  
Norbert Pedryc
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Lighting Systems

Microalgae are a practical source of biological compounds for biodiesel production. This study examined the influence of three different light-emitting diode (LED) systems on the biomass production of green algae Chlorella vulgaris BA0002a. The cultivation was carried out in a photobioreactor illuminated from the bottom with a single side light jacket (PBR I), in a photobioreactor illuminated from the bottom with a double side light jacket (PBR II) and in a photobioreactor illuminated only from the top (PBR III). Research has shown that the intensification of algae cell production and growth depends on the light distribution and exposure time of a single cell to radiation. In the experiment, the highest growth of algae cells was obtained in the photobioreactor with double jacket and lower light panel. The lowest cell growth was observed in the photobioreactor illuminated only from above. For cultures raised in the PBR I and PBR II photobioreactors, increased oxygen production was observed, which was directly related to the increased production of biomass, which in turn was dependent on the increased amount of radiant energy.

Human Factors Impacts of Light-Emitting Diode Airfield Lighting

2017 ◽  
Vol 2626 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Bullough
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Incandescent Light ◽  
Color Identification ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) differ from incandescent light sources in several ways that are relevant to energy and maintenance requirements of airfield lighting systems. They have higher luminous efficacy and, when designed properly, have longer useful operating lives; both factors make LEDs attractive candidates for airfield lighting. The photometric, colorimetric, and temporal characteristics of LEDs also differ from those of incandescent light sources, and these can have important implications for the appearance of runway and taxiway lighting systems. The present paper reviews publications summarizing experimental and analytical investigations designed to assess these implications with respect to the following human factors impacts: color identification, brightness and glare, visibility in fog and haze, response to onset of flashing lights, and stroboscopic effects such as the phantom array. Overall, this review of experimental evidence suggests that, in addition to their reduced energy use and maintenance requirements, LED airfield lighting can be advantageous in comparison with incandescent lighting systems used to delineate airport runways and taxiways.

scholarly journals Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1951-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia D. Massa ◽  
Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽  
Raymond M. Wheeler ◽  
Cary A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Kennedy Space

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have tremendous potential as supplemental or sole-source lighting systems for crop production both on and off earth. Their small size, durability, long operating lifetime, wavelength specificity, relatively cool emitting surfaces, and linear photon output with electrical input current make these solid-state light sources ideal for use in plant lighting designs. Because the output waveband of LEDs (single color, nonphosphor-coated) is much narrower than that of traditional sources of electric lighting used for plant growth, one challenge in designing an optimum plant lighting system is to determine wavelengths essential for specific crops. Work at NASA's Kennedy Space Center has focused on the proportion of blue light required for normal plant growth as well as the optimum wavelength of red and the red/far-red ratio. The addition of green wavelengths for improved plant growth as well as for visual monitoring of plant status has been addressed. Like with other light sources, spectral quality of LEDs can have dramatic effects on crop anatomy and morphology as well as nutrient uptake and pathogen development. Work at Purdue University has focused on geometry of light delivery to improve energy use efficiency of a crop lighting system. Additionally, foliar intumescence developing in the absence of ultraviolet light or other less understood stimuli could become a serious limitation for some crops lighted solely by narrow-band LEDs. Ways to prevent this condition are being investigated. Potential LED benefits to the controlled environment agriculture industry are numerous and more work needs to be done to position horticulture at the forefront of this promising technology.

Performance of chip-on-board and surface-mounted high-power LED luminaires at different relative humidities and temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1262
Author(s):  
D Raul ◽  
K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Temperature Ageing ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
State Device ◽  
Solid State Device

In today's world, light-emitting diodes are quickly replacing conventional light sources, both indoors and outdoors. Being a solid-state device, adverse ambient conditions such as high temperature and humidity lead to its poor performances, light quality and longevity. In outdoor applications, exposure to high ambient temperature during daytime, even when the lamp power is off, causes the lamp performance to deteriorate. In tropical countries, the environmental temperature in most of the days is higher than 25℃ and sometimes reaches 50℃. Here, the humidity varies between 30% and 80% and frequently over 80%. Thus, the reliability of the light emitting diodes is a question that needs a thorough study. In line with this, in this study, an effort has been made through an experiment. Here, commercially available surface-mounted device and chip-on-board-based light-emitting diodes are tested through an environmental chamber, and their measured illuminance values were observed by varying the relative humidity. Then, the temperature ageing or stress was set at 60℃ on the above types of light-emitting diodes at power off condition for 6000 hours and after that its luminous flux and spectral distribution were observed. The degradation observed under these conditions may guide designers and manufacturers to upgrade their lighting systems to make them fit for tropical conditions.

Apparatus for the Quantitative Determination of Locomotor Activity Patterns of Aquatic Organisms Using Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude R. Cripe ◽  
Jesse H. Cripe ◽  
Robert J. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Light Emitting

Photoelectric methods of measuring the activity of aquatic organisms allow unrestrained movement of the animal being studied but may disrupt exogenously controlled rhythms if the light is visible. An apparatus is described that uses infrared light-emitting diodes that eliminate some of the problems associated with incandescent light sources. A graph of the locomotor activity data of two pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera) which was produced by this apparatus is included.

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