scholarly journals An Examination of the Relationship Between Social Casino Gaming and Gambling: The Bad, The Ugly, and The Good

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J.A. Wohl ◽  
Melissa M. Salmon ◽  
Samantha J. Hollingshead ◽  
Hyoun S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Path Model ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Nous Proposons ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
Social Casino Games ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Casino Game

Social casino games (i.e., free-to-play online gambling-themed games) are now ubiquitous on social network platforms such as Facebook. Their popularity and similarity to gambling games has raised concern that, among other things, social casino games will normalize gambling behaviour, which may contribute to gambling participation and to a rise in the rate of disordered gambling (see Gainsbury, Hing, Delfabbro, & King, 2014; Kim, Wohl, Salmon, Gupta, & Derevensky, 2015; Parke, Wardle, Rigbye, & Parke, 2013). Herein, we review theory and research that address potentially bad (migration to gambling) and ugly (increased rate of problem gambling) consequences of social casino gaming. We also outline the limits and boundaries of this presupposition. Specifically, we outline contexts in which social casino games may yield positive consequences when played, including the use of such games as a proxy for gambling among disordered gamblers. Drawing on these discussions, we offer a path model for gambling behaviour that places social casino gaming at its core. Although we, like others, present some pessimism regarding the outcome of social casino game play, this paper points to situations and motivations that may yield positive effects.Les jeux de casino sociaux (à savoir, les jeux de hasard gratuits en ligne) se retrouvent maintenant sur les plateformes de réseaux sociaux comme Facebook. Leur popularité et leur ressemblance avec les jeux d’argent soulèvent des inquiétudes que les jeux de casino sociaux aient entre autres pour effet de normaliser les comportements de jeu, lesquels peuvent contribuer à une participation aux jeux de hasard et à une augmentation du taux de jeu compulsif (voir Gainsbury, Hing, Delfabbro, et King, 2014; Kim, Wohl, Salmon, Gupta, et Derevensky, 2015; Parke, Wardle, Rigbye, et Parke, 2013). Dans le présent article, nous analyserons la théorie et les travaux de recherche qui traitent des conséquences potentiellement néfastes (engouement pour les jeux d’argent) et horribles (augmentation du taux du jeu compulsif) des jeux de casino sociaux. Nous définissons également les limites de cette affirmation. Plus particulièrement, nous présentons une vue d’ensemble des contextes dans lesquels les jeux de casino sociaux peuvent avoir des conséquences positives lorsqu’on s’y adonne, notamment l’utilisation chez les joueurs pathologiques de ces jeux comme substitut pour les jeux de hasard. En nous inspirant de cette analyse, nous proposons un modèle de cheminement pour les comportements de jeu où les jeux de casino sociaux occupent la place centrale. Bien que nous soyons un peu pessimistes, et nous ne sommes pas les seuls, en ce qui a trait aux répercussions des jeux de casino sociaux, cet article cite des situations et des motivations qui peuvent amener des effets positifs.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Relationship Between Social Casino Gaming and Gambling: The Bad, The Ugly, and The Good

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J.A. Wohl ◽  
Melissa M. Salmon ◽  
Samantha J. Hollingshead ◽  
Hyoun S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Path Model ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Nous Proposons ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
Social Casino Games ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Casino Game

Social casino games (i.e., free-to-play online gambling-themed games) are now ubiquitous on social network platforms such as Facebook. Their popularity and similarity to gambling games has raised concern that, among other things, social casino games will normalize gambling behaviour, which may contribute to gambling participation and to a rise in the rate of disordered gambling (see Gainsbury, Hing, Delfabbro, & King, 2014; Kim, Wohl, Salmon, Gupta, & Derevensky, 2015; Parke, Wardle, Rigbye, & Parke, 2013). Herein, we review theory and research that address potentially bad (migration to gambling) and ugly (increased rate of problem gambling) consequences of social casino gaming. We also outline the limits and boundaries of this presupposition. Specifically, we outline contexts in which social casino games may yield positive consequences when played, including the use of such games as a proxy for gambling among disordered gamblers. Drawing on these discussions, we offer a path model for gambling behaviour that places social casino gaming at its core. Although we, like others, present some pessimism regarding the outcome of social casino game play, this paper points to situations and motivations that may yield positive effects.Les jeux de casino sociaux (à savoir, les jeux de hasard gratuits en ligne) se retrouvent maintenant sur les plateformes de réseaux sociaux comme Facebook. Leur popularité et leur ressemblance avec les jeux d’argent soulèvent des inquiétudes que les jeux de casino sociaux aient entre autres pour effet de normaliser les comportements de jeu, lesquels peuvent contribuer à une participation aux jeux de hasard et à une augmentation du taux de jeu compulsif (voir Gainsbury, Hing, Delfabbro, et King, 2014; Kim, Wohl, Salmon, Gupta, et Derevensky, 2015; Parke, Wardle, Rigbye, et Parke, 2013). Dans le présent article, nous analyserons la théorie et les travaux de recherche qui traitent des conséquences potentiellement néfastes (engouement pour les jeux d’argent) et horribles (augmentation du taux du jeu compulsif) des jeux de casino sociaux. Nous définissons également les limites de cette affirmation. Plus particulièrement, nous présentons une vue d’ensemble des contextes dans lesquels les jeux de casino sociaux peuvent avoir des conséquences positives lorsqu’on s’y adonne, notamment l’utilisation chez les joueurs pathologiques de ces jeux comme substitut pour les jeux de hasard. En nous inspirant de cette analyse, nous proposons un modèle de cheminement pour les comportements de jeu où les jeux de casino sociaux occupent la place centrale. Bien que nous soyons un peu pessimistes, et nous ne sommes pas les seuls, en ce qui a trait aux répercussions des jeux de casino sociaux, cet article cite des situations et des motivations qui peuvent amener des effets positifs.

scholarly journals Motives for playing social casino games and the transition from gaming to gambling (or vice versa): social casino game play as harm reduction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J Hollingshead ◽  
Hyoun S Kim ◽  
Matthew Rockloff ◽  
Daniel S McGrath ◽  
David C Hodgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Grand Nombre ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Casino Gaming ◽  
Social Casino Games ◽  
Casino Game

Social casino games (i.e., online, free to play casino-like games) share many similar visual, auditory and structural game mechanics as gambling games. Given the similarities between the two activities, it is not uncommon for people to migrate from social casino gaming to gambling or vice versa. In the current work, we investigated whether motives for playing social casino games may play a role in the transition from gaming to gambling. We also assessed whether motives for playing social casino games as a way to reduce gambling cravings was predictive of self-reported changes in gambling behaviour 30 days later and whether this relationship was dependent on the activity first played. In a community sample of people who gamble and play social casino games (N=228), those who played social casino games before beginning to gamble were more likely to report playing social casino games for social motives, or as a way to reduce gambling-related cravings, than people who gambled before playing social casino games. Additionally, we found that using social casino games as a tool to moderate gambling cravings was associated with self-reported decreases in gambling behaviour one-month later, but only among those who played social casino games before beginning to gamble. Results suggest that what game was played first (social casino games or gambling games) matters, especially for the clinical utility of social casino games as a harm reduction strategy.Résumé Les jeux de casino sociaux (qui sont offerts gratuitement en ligne) partagent avec les jeux de hasard un grand nombre de caractéristiques visuelles, auditives et structurelles définissant la mécanique de jeu. Vu les ressemblances entre ces deux types de jeux, il n’est pas inhabituel pour les joueurs de passer de l’un à l’autre et inversement. Nous avons cherché à savoir trois choses : premièrement, si les raisons qui motivent la pratique des jeux de casino sociaux influent sur la transition vers les jeux de hasard; deuxièmement, si ces motivations peuvent, en tant que moyen de réduire l’envie de jouer, être un prédicteur de changements de comportement au bout de 30 jours; et troisièmement, si ce lien dépend de l’activité adoptée en premier. Notre échantillon recruté dans la collectivité comptait des adeptes des deux types de jeux (N=228). Ceux qui s’adonnaient aux jeux de casino avant d’adopter les jeux de hasard ont été plus nombreux que ceux qui avaient fait l’inverse à évoquer des motivations sociales ou la recherche d’un moyen de tempérer leur envie de jouer. Le recours aux jeux de casino dans un but de modération est associé à une diminution de la fréquence de jeu un mois plus tard, mais seulement chez les personnes qui s’adonnaient aux jeux de casino avant de passer aux jeux de hasard. Selon nos résultats, l’activité pratiquée en premier joue bel et bien un rôle, en particulier en ce qui touche l’utilité des jeux de casino sociaux en tant que stratégie de réduction des risques.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Physical Availability of Gambling and Gambling Behaviour or Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Zoglauer ◽  
Robert Czernecka ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Roxana Kotter ◽  
Anja Kräplin
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Although it is often regarded as obvious, the exact nature of the relationship between gambling availability and gambling behaviour or disordered gambling remains unclear. However, disordered gambling is an important public health issue and restrictions on availability are seen as an important strategy to reduce gambling-related problems in many jurisdictions. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we reviewed studies on the relationship between physical gambling availability and gambling behaviour, as well as disordered gambling, and focused on several currently discussed hypotheses about their relationship. We used a systematic electronic search strategy involving 12 search terms and several databases. We included 27 studies and evaluated them by applying a comprehensive quality rating and quality weighting of evidence. We found a high proportion of quality-weighted evidence for both a positive relationship (access hypothesis) and a decrease or plateau in the prevalence of gambling participation and disorders over time with increasing availability (adaptation hypothesis). However, several conceptual and methodological problems hamper final conclusions. For example, studies were often not based on precise hypotheses, only two studies had a longitudinal design, overall quality ratings varied widely, operationalizations of gambling availability were sometimes not objectively measured, follow-up periods were insufficient, and shifting behaviour was not assessed. To understand the causal role of gambling availability in the development and course of gambling disorder and to derive evidence-based prevention strategies, investigators need to perform more high-quality longitudinal research that is based on a solid theoretical framework with the corresponding statistical analyses.Résumé  Bien qu’on la considère souvent comme évidente, la nature exacte de la relation entre la disponibilité des jeux de hasard et le comportement lié à la pratique de ces jeux ou le jeu compulsif demeure incertaine. Le jeu compulsif représente toutefois une importante question de santé publique et les restrictions touchant la disponibilité sont considérées comme une stratégie très valable pour réduire les problèmes associés aux jeux de hasard dans de nombreux pays. En appliquant les directives PRISMA, nous avons examiné les études sur la relation entre la disponibilité physique des jeux de hasard et le comportement lié à ces jeux et au jeu compulsif, en mettant l’accent sur plusieurs hypothèses qui font actuellement l’objet de discussions. Nous avons employé une stratégie de recherche électronique systématique comportant douze termes d’interrogation et plusieurs bases de données. Vingt-sept études ont été évaluées en y appliquant une cote de qualité et une pondérée de la preuve de qualité exhaustives. Nous avons constaté une forte proportion de pondèrèe probante pour les deux, une relation positive (hypothèse de l’accès) et une diminution ou un plateau dans la prévalence de la pratique des jeux de hasard ou du jeu compulsif au fil du temps en présence de disponibilité croissante (hypothèse d’adaptation). Cependant, plusieurs problèmes conceptuels et méthodologiques nuisent à la formulation de conclusions finales. Par exemple, plusieurs études n’étaient pas fondées sur des hypothèses précises, seulement deux études faisaient l’objet d’un plan longitudinal, les cotes de qualité globale variaient énormément, les opérationnalisations de la disponibilité du jeu n’étaient parfois pas mesurées objectivement, les périodes de suivi étaient insuffisantes et les changements de comportement n’étaient pas évalués. Pour comprendre le rôle causal de la disponibilité du jeu dans le développement et le cours du jeu compulsif, et pour en tirer des stratégies de prévention fondées sur des données probantes, une étude longitudinale de plus grande qualité est requise, et doit être basée sur un cadre théorique rigoureux et comporter les analyses statistiques correspondantes.

The rise of social casino games: Changes in the size and composition of the Android social casino market from 2012-2020, availability to children, and predictions for future growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Casino Games ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Casino Game ◽  
Future Growth ◽  
Key Questions

Social casino games are video games that consist of simulations of gambling products and activities. Players of social casino games may pay money to gamble. However, they are unable to ‘cash out’ their winnings, allowing these games to be commonly regulated as video games rather than gambling products.There is concern that exposure to social casino games may lead to problem gambling. However, key questions regarding the past and future growth in prevalence of social casino games remain unanswered. Furthermore, it is unclear how much innovation in terms of products on the market have occurred in recent years, and how available these products are to children. The practical importance of the relationship between social casino play and gambling is therefore unclear.In order to address this, we analysed the monthly estimated installs of all social casino games (n=2344) on Android phones from March 2012 to February 2020. Results suggested that social casino games increased in prevalence from 33.30 million estimated installs in 2012 to 1.39 billion in 2020, projected to increase to 1.73 - 2.03 billion by February 2022. This expansion appears linked to a related expansion of mobile phone gaming. Indeed, analysis of the entire Android gaming market (n=75168) indicated that the prevalence of social casino games relative to the overall market diminished during the period under test from 2.54% of all game installs to 1.56%, and projected that this metric is unlikely to rise importantly in future.Analysis suggests a high level of churn and innovation in the social casino game market, with new products continually emerging and old ones being constantly retired: For example, of the 1166 social casino games available in February 2020, only 47 were on the market in 2012. Finally, an analysis of the age ratings of social casino games currently available to download on Android reveals a market overwhelmingly available to children: Of the 1132 games whose ratings were extracted, 1107 (97.7%) bore an age rating of 12+ or younger.When taken together, these results suggest that social casino games constitute a dynamic genre of gambling-like products that are experiencing continual and important growth, are forecasted to continue growing, and are highly available to children.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Financial Well-Being and Changes in Reported Gambling Behaviour During the COVID-19 Shutdown in Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-157
Author(s):  
Thomas B Swanton ◽  
Martin T Burgess ◽  
Alex Blaszczynski ◽  
Sally M Gainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
The Relationship

A change in someone’s financial situation, such as a windfall gain or increased financial stress, can affect the way that they gamble. The aim of this paper was to explore the relationship between financial well-being and changes in gambling behaviour during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) shutdown. Australian past-year gamblers (N = 764; 85% male) completed an online cross-sectional survey in May 2020. Participants retrospectively reported monthly gambling participation before and after the COVID-19 shutdown, as well as their financial well-being, experience of COVID-related financial hardship, problem gambling severity, and psychological distress. Financial well-being showed strong negative associations with problem gambling and psychological distress. Neither financial well-being nor the interaction between financial well-being and problem gambling severity showed consistent evidence for predicting changes in gambling participation during the shutdown in this sample. This study provides preliminary evidence that self-reported financial well-being has a strong negative association with gambling problems but is not related to gambling participation. Future studies should link objective measures of financial well-being from bank transaction data with survey measures of problem gambling severity and experience of gambling-related harm.

Changes in online gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic: April update

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Brown ◽  
Amelia Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gambling Participation

This paper examines changes in online gambling behaviour in April 2020 and compares the results with those of March 2020. This comparison was based on identical surveys undertaken a month apart which asked about online gambling participation. The prevalence of online gambling declined from 24 percent in March to 20 percent in April. Among those participating in online gambling, the proportion who reported betting less on at least one form of online gambling decreased between March (60%) and April (46%). While the prevalence of online gambling declined, the amount spent increased between March and April. While 20 percent reported spending more in March than at the start of the year, this increased to 33 percent in April. Factors associated with increased spending in April included being male, being aged under 40 years and living as a couple with children. Notably, the latter was not a predictor of increased spending in March.

scholarly journals Gambling and COVID-19: Initial Findings from a UK Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sharman ◽  
Amanda Roberts ◽  
Henrietta Bowden-Jones ◽  
John Strang
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
Specific Questionnaire ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gambling Frequency

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK Government placed society on ‘lockdown’, altering the gambling landscape. This study sought to capture the immediate lockdown-enforced changes in gambling behaviour. UK adults (n = 1028) were recruited online. Gambling behaviour (frequency and weekly expenditure, perceived increase/decrease) was measured using a survey-specific questionnaire. Analyses compared gambling behaviour as a function of pre-lockdown gambling status, measured by the Brief Problem Gambling Scale. In the whole sample, gambling participation decreased between pre- and during-lockdown. Both gambling frequency and weekly expenditure decreased during the first month of lockdown overall, but, the most engaged gamblers did not show a change in gambling behaviour, despite the decrease in opportunity and availability. Individuals whose financial circumstances were negatively affected by lockdown were more likely to perceive an increase in gambling than those whose financial circumstances were not negatively affected. Findings reflect short-term behaviour change; it will be crucial to examine, at future release of lockdown, if behaviour returns to pre-lockdown patterns, or whether new behavioural patterns persist.

scholarly journals The role of giving and receiving emotional support in depressive symptomatology among older couples: An application of the actor-partner interdependence model

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Ko ◽  
Megan A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Path Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated whether perception of receiving emotional support mediates the relationship between one partner’s giving of emotional support and the other partner’s depressive symptomatology using a population-based sample of 423 couples from the Changing Lives of Older Couples study. A path model was used guided by the Actor—Partner Interdependence Model. Results indicated that spouses’ giving emotional support was related to the degree to which their spouse reported receiving emotional support. Perception of receiving emotional support, in turn, was related to lower depressive symptomatology of the support recipient. Both husbands and wives can benefit from emotional support through their perception of receiving emotional support, and spouses’ perceptions, as well as their actions, should be considered in support transactions.

Class Participation in Accounting Courses: Factors That Affect Student Comfort and Learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise J. Dallimore ◽  
Julie H. Hertenstein ◽  
Marjorie B. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Class Participation ◽  
Accounting Courses ◽  
Abstract Class ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: Class discussion is frequently used in accounting education. Prior research indicates that preparation for and frequency of participation in class discussion is positively related to students’ comfort participating. This study extends this literature by examining the relationship between class participation and learning. In this study, 323 sophomore business students enrolled in accounting courses and completed pre- and post-course surveys concerning their perceptions about class discussion; in addition, instructors provided students’ grades for our use in this study. Path model results indicate that preparation is positively related to frequency of participation, which, in turn, is positively related to students’ comfort participating in class discussion. Furthermore, students’ comfort participating in class discussion is positively related to learning. A practical implication of this finding on the learning-comfort relationship is that instructors’ efforts to foster student comfort with class discussion—especially efforts directed at increasing their preparation and participation frequency—should lead to increased student mastery of course content.

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