scholarly journals Word Stress system of the Saraiki language

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Firdos Atta
Keyword(s):  
Stress System ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Metrical Phonology ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Heavy Syllable

This study presents an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of Saraiki word stress.  This study presents a first exploration of word stress in the framework of OT. Words in Saraiki are mostly short; secondary stress plays no role here. Saraiki stress is quantity-sensitive, so a distinction must be made between short and long vowels, and light and heavy syllables. A metrical foot can consist of one heavy syllable, two light syllables, or one light and one heavy syllable. The Foot structure starts from right to left in prosodic words. The foot is trochaic and the last consonant in Saraiki words is extra metrical. These generalizations are best captured by using metrical phonology first and Optimality constraints later on.

scholarly journals The stability of word stress across Mixean languages

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Jany
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Edge Orientation ◽  
Syllable Weight ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Heavy Syllable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stress Patterns

<p>Word stress patterns have been widely discussed for individual languages and in typological work (Van der Hulst 2010), but there are very few comparative studies within language families and across dialects. This paper examines stress patterns in Mixean varieties and how they relate to the phonological distinctions among these varieties. The term ‘variety’ is applied here as in a number of cases it has yet to be determined whether a variety constitutes its own language or a dialect.</p><p>Word stress does not vary in Mixean languages, always falling on the rightmost heavy root syllable, but roots often represent the only heavy syllable(s) in a word. As a result, syllable weight plays only a minimal role in stress assignment. Rather, the stress system rests upon edge-orientation and morphological conditioning. If it relied to a greater extent on the phonological structure of words, some deviation would be expected, given that variation among Mixean languages is primarily phonologically based. This paper demonstrates how weight-sensitive stress patterns can remain stable across related languages even in light of major phonological differences.</p>

scholarly journals Native and Non-native Perception of Stress in Mapudungun: Assessing Structural Maintenance in the Phonology of an Endangered Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Molineaux
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
First Languages ◽  
Made In

Today, virtually all speakers of Mapudungun (formerly Araucanian), an endangered language of Chile and Argentina, are bilingual in Spanish. As a result, the firmness of native speaker intuitions—especially regarding perceptually complex issues such as word-stress—has been called into question. Even though native intuitions are unavoidable in the investigation of stress position, efforts can be made in order to clarify what the actual sources of the intuitions are, and how consistent and ‘native’ they remain given the language’s asymmetrical contact conditions. In this article, the use of non-native speaker intuitions is proposed as a valid means for assessing the position of stress in Mapudungun, and evaluating whether it represents the unchanged, ‘native’ pattern. The alternative, of course, is that the patterns that present variability simply result from overlap of the bilingual speakers’ phonological modules, hence displaying a contact-induced innovation. A forced decision perception task is reported on, showing that native and non-native perception of Mapudungun stress converges across speakers of six separate first languages, thus giving greater reliability to native judgements. The relative difference in the perception of Mapudungun stress given by Spanish monolinguals and Mapudungun–Spanish bilinguals is also taken to support the diachronic maintenance of the endangered language’s stress system.

scholarly journals Accounting for L2 learners’ errors in word stress placement

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Clara Herlina Karjo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
English Word ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Stress Placement ◽  
Vowel Height

Stress placement in English words is governed by highly complicated rules. Thus, assigning stress correctly in English words has been a challenging task for L2 learners, especially Indonesian learners since their L1 does not recognize such stress system. This study explores the production of English word stress by 30 university students. The method used for this study is immediate repetition task. Participants are instructed to identify the stress placement of 80 English words which are auditorily presented as stimuli and immediately repeat the words with correct stress placement. The objectives of this study are to find out whether English word stress placement is problematic for L2 learners and to investigate the phonological factors which account for these problems. Research reveals that L2 learners have different ability in producing the stress, but three-syllable words are more problematic than two-syllable words. Moreover, misplacement of stress is caused by, among others, the influence of vowel lenght and vowel height.

scholarly journals Stress assignment in polysyllabic words in Levantine Arabic: An Optimality-Theoretic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nour Abu Guba
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Left Edge ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Levantine Arabic

Abstract This paper proposes an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of stress assignment in Levantine Arabic. The proposed hierarchy incorporates two constraints, namely *EXTENDED-LAPSE-R, which restricts stress to one of the last three syllables, and ALIGN-LEFT, which demands that the left edge of the prosodic word be aligned with a foot. This hierarchy is superior to earlier research as it successfully accounts for stress assignment in a more comprehensive and economical way. Most interestingly, it can account for the unexpected stress on a light penult in prosodic words ending in four light syllables and the paradoxical status of foot extrametricality without ad hoc parameterization of constraints. Moreover, findings show that footing in Levantine Arabic is iterative, an indication that secondary stress is attested in Levantine dialects.

The role of vowel parameters in defining lexical and subsidiary stress in Ukrainian

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Łukaszewicz ◽  
Janina Mołczanow
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Secondary Stress ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Initial Syllable

Abstract Recent work suggests that Ukrainian represents a typologically rare bidirectional stress system with internal lapses, i.e. sequences of unstressed syllables in the vicinity of primary stress (Łukaszewicz and Mołczanow 2018a, b). The system is more intricate than the hitherto known bidirectional systems (e.g. Polish), and thus interesting from the theoretical perspective, as it involves interaction between free lexical stress and secondary stresses. Lexical and subsidiary prominence in Ukrainian have been shown to be expressed acoustically in terms of increased duration of the whole syllable. This leaves open the question of the role of classic vowel parameters in shaping prominence effects in this language. The present study fills this gap by investigating vowel duration, intensity, and F0 as potential acoustic correlates of primary and secondary stress in Ukrainian. It focuses on words with primary stress on the fifth syllable. Such words are predicted to have secondary stress on the first and third syllables. The results point to statistically significant lengthening of vowels carrying lexical stress as well as of those in the initial syllable, but not in the third syllable. A possible explanation is that other parameters, e.g. consonant duration, may be crucial in the case of word-internal subsidiary stress in Ukrainian.

ICELANDIC WORD STRESS AND METRICAL PHONOLOGY

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristján Árnason
Keyword(s):  
Metrical Phonology ◽  
Word Stress

De verwerving van woordklemtoon in perspectief

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Paula Fikkert
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Stress System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Innate Knowledge ◽  
Infant Speech Perception ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract The acquisition of word stress in perspectiveThis paper reflects on the acquisition of Dutch word stress reported in Nederlandse Taalkunde 1 (1996), where I argued that children systematically build up a grammar for word stress that fits a parameter framework without assuming innate knowledge. In the past 25 years this work has been praised and criticized because (a) the theoretical framework changed to Optimality Theory, (b) the proposed stages did not always adequately fit the data, and (c) new evidence from infant speech perception suggested that children know the word stress system before they start speaking. To fully understand how children acquire word stress, the next 25 year requires researchers from various disciplines to join forces to study representations and perception-production processes in tandem, the mechanisms that cause learning, and the interaction of word stress with other linguistic subdomains.

The emergence of the trochaic foot in Hebrew hypocoristics

Phonology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Bat-El
Keyword(s):  
Stress System ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Stress Patterns

The paper provides an optimality-theoretic analysis of the prosodic structure and stress patterns in templatic and non-templatic hypocoristics in Hebrew. It is designed to illustrate the emergence of the trochaic foot, whose role elsewhere in the language is rather limited. The trochaic foot has been shown to determine the structure of templatic hypocoristics in various languages; this is also true in Hebrew. In addition, it plays a major role in Hebrew non-templatic hypocoristics, which on the surface look like simple constructions of base+suffix. The trochaic foot does not delimit the number of syllables in non-templatic hypocoristics, but it plays an important role in the stress system, where the position of stress is also sensitive to the input stress and the type of suffix.

The Dutch foot and the chanted call

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gussenhoven
Keyword(s):  
Word Stress ◽  
Foot Structure

Algorithms for the assignment of main word stress in Dutch have never been systematically tested against foot-based segmental processes. The assumption has apparently been that such processes do not exist. In this article, it is suggested that Dutch has at least four segmental rules that make reference to the foot, and that Dutch has a chanted intonation contour whose realization is governed by foot structure. The evidence provided by all these processes largely confirms the more recent proposals for Dutch foot structure, including Kager (1989) and Trommelen & Zonneveld (1989), except where they fail to conform to (1).

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