scholarly journals Role Language and Character Language

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi KINSUI ◽  
Hiroko YAMAKIDO
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Actual Role ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Other Hand

Since Kinsui's (2000, 2003) initial proposal, research on role language has progressed with the topics growing more diverse. In this paper we propose that a peculiar speech style assigned to a certain character in fiction should be treated as character language rather than role language. Role language, which is based on social and cultural stereotypes, is a subset of character language. Given that role language is also a linguistic stereotype, its knowledge should be widely shared by members of the speech community, and its patterns within limits. Character language, on the other hand, allows for various types, being far from being a closed class. We examine and give examples of four types of character language: speech styles that could become actual role language, once shared widely in the speech community; speech styles that are effectively adopted by characters outside of their expected speaker's social and cultural groups; speech styles employed to represent something other than their stereotypes; and uniquely created speech styles.

Function words and polarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Matteo Greco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Derivation

Function words are commonly considered to be a small and closed class of words in which each element is associated with a specific and fixed logical meaning. Unfortunately, this is not always true as witnessed by negation: on the one hand, negation does reverse the truth-value conditions of a proposition, and the other hand, it does not, realizing what is called Expletive Negation. This chapter aims to investigate whether a word that is established on the basis of its function can be ambiguous by discussing the role of the syntactic derivation in some instances of so-called Expletive Negation clauses, a case in which negation seems to lose its capacity to deny the proposition associated with its sentence. Both a theoretical and an experimental approach has been adopted.

scholarly journals TV and strategies to promote consumption among young girls

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Gordillo-Álvarez ◽  
María del Mar Ramírez-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

This article seeks to deepen, on the one hand, into the development of new marketing strategies using TV as platform and aimed at promoting consumption among young girls. We will first look into the case of such companies as Disney, which have re-released public leading characters of all-time stories for the infant female public with great commercial success, now united as a generic sisterhood of «princesses». On the other hand, we will also study other characters that television and other AV outlets have made known and the elements offered in this kind of products geared towards reinforcing consumption by means of promoting sexual and cultural stereotypes. La comunicación que se propone pretende ahondar, por una parte, en el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de mercado orientadas a fomentar el consumo en las niñas y que utilizan la televisión como plataforma. En primer término, se profundizará en el caso de empresas como Disney, que han relanzado para el público infantil femenino, con un gran éxito comercial, las protagonistas de los cuentos de siempre unidas en la hermandad genérica de las «princesas». También se estudiarán otras figuras que la televisión y otros soportes audiovisuales han hecho conocidas y los elementos que se ofrecen en este tipo de productos que orientan y refuerzan el consumo fomentando a su vez estereotipos sexuales y culturales.

A survey of the language situation in Zimbabwe

English Today ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzi Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTIs there a Zimbabwean variety of English? If so, who speaks it? Although Zimbabwe is a multilingual speech community, the Shona language, which is composed of dialects and sub-dialects, enjoys numerical dominance because it is spoken by the majority of the Zimbabweans. On the other hand, English, the official language, enjoys status dominance and it occupies a special position in the lives of many Zimbabweans. There is dispute, however, whether English in Zimbabwe is an interlanguage, and its speakers have adopted the native variety as a model, or whether it is better to observe that there are many varieties of English in Zimbabwe which are pragmatically identifiable as Zimbabwean, and that the vast majority of Zimbabweans appear to speak an English which reflects the linguistic characteristics of Shona.

scholarly journals Contexts and meanings of Japanese speech styles

Pragmatics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Enyo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Discussion Leader ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Hierarchical Relationships

Interactants’ non-reciprocal use of Japanese speech styles, i.e., the addressee honorific masu form and the non-honorific plain form, is frequently treated as the salient feature constituting speakers’ hierarchical identities. The hierarchical identities in question in this study are senpai-koohai ‘senior-junior’relationships among Japanese college students. The paper presents analyses that demonstrate that the construction of these hierarchical relationships depends on context. The data derive from nine hours of audio recordings of dyadic and multiparty interactions among college students at the meetings of an extracurricular club. Conceptualizing on-stage and off-stage as frames of talk that function as context in this data set, the study finds that hierarchical identities are not foregrounded during on-stage talk, but can be foregrounded during off-stage talk when the participants’ club roles are not foregrounded; the use of non-reciprocal speech styles that lead to hierarchical identity construction is observed in this situation. On the other hand, hierarchical identities are backgrounded during on-stage talk when the participants’ club roles are foregrounded. The use of the addressee honorific masu form in this situation indexes that the speaker is engaged in a club role, such as discussion leader or participant.

scholarly journals Linguistic Study on Surigaonon and Kamayo Children’s Songs

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa May A. Mundiz
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Children's Songs ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Inflectional Affixes

This paper looks into the linguistic characteristics of the Surigaonon and the Kamayo languages of the Surigao Provinces through the children’s songs. It aims to identify and explain the morphological and phonological features that bring about the intelligibility of the two languages. Oftentimes confused as the waya-waya or the jaun-jaun language, Surigaonon finds its speech community among the Surigao del Norte inhabitants as well as a few numbers in the municipalities of Surigao del Sur. Kamayo, on the other hand, is common among the Surigao del Sur inhabitants. Using convenience sampling, this qualitative study interviewed ten participants and recorded children’s songs common for both languages. It found out that Surigaonon and Kamayo have to compete for forms and phonological differences. Both languages’ morphological constructions differ with the use of some inflectional affixes and grammatical markers. The morphophonemic alterations between the different versions of the songs reflect the same kind of changes unique to the Cebuano Visayan language. As a result, Surigaonon and Bisliganon Kamayo are in themselves variants of the Cebuano Visayan since speakers from the languages can understand each other without really having to speak the kind of language each speaker is acquainted with: Kamayo language is intelligible with that of Surigaonon; while the latter is intelligible to the Cebuano language.

Neoclassical Compounds between Borrowing and Word Formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Renáta Panocová ◽  
Pius ten Hacken
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Separate System ◽  
The Individual

In assessing the status of neoclassical compounding, we take into account the generative insight that language is ultimately based in the individual speaker’s competence and the European structuralist insight that new words are a response to naming needs. Two central questions that arise for neoclassical compounding are whether it constitutes a separate system and whether it is productive. We argue that what can be perceived as degrees of productivity and fluctuations in status can in fact be analysed as a consequence of differences between speakers in the same speech community. Speakers that are familiar with a domain in which neoclassical compounding is frequent, e.g. medicine, will be more likely to process new instances as rule-based formations. Considering the origins of neoclassical compounding, we note that borrowing has two different roles. On one hand, it is the reanalysis of borrowings from classical languages that leads to the emergence of a system. On the other hand, new neoclassical formations are borrowed between different languages. Comparing English and Russian, we argue that only for English is there evidence of a substantial set of speakers who have such as system. In Russian, neoclassical compounds are generally borrowings.

scholarly journals Gayspeak and Gay Subjects in Audiovisual Translation: Strategies in Italian Dubbing

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ranzato
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this article is to analyse the fictional language of homosexuals as portrayed on the screen, as well as the way in which Italian translators and dubbing adapters have dealt with gayspeak. It means to explore whether the words of the gay lexicon in the English and the Italian languages cover similar semantic areas and whether any lack of balance between the two languages in this particular field may create problems for the translator. On the other hand, various examples from dubbed films and TV programmes will help to investigate whether some of the features of gayspeak are substantially altered in the Italian adaptations and whether these modifications are due to constraints determined by the vocabulary used to define the idiolect of this speech community or, rather, to overt and covert constraints imposed by a culture, the Italian, which has opened up to homosexual themes much more slowly than the Anglosaxon world.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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