scholarly journals Mesolithic heritage in early Neolithic burial rituals and personal adornments

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lenneis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
High Status ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Burial Rituals

Some burial rituals such as cremation or the use of colorants, especially ochre, have old roots in the preceding Mesolithic and even in the Palaeolithic. The evidence for these old rituals is more dense in central or western Europe than in south east Europe, whence most of the new Neo- lithic ideas came. Among the personal adornments a small amount of snail-shell ornaments, stag tusks, tusks of wild boar and pendants made from antler are of special interest. People wearing these very traditional, old adornments are generally equipped with precious ‘new’ things such as Spondylus, ceramics, adzes etc, and therefore show them as high status people in early Neolithic society.

scholarly journals UNPACKING THE EARLY NEOLITHIC?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Tanya Dzhanfezova ◽  
Chris Doherty ◽  
Nedko Elenski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
North Central ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Characteristic Features

The preliminary analysis of Early Neolithic pottery from North Central Bulgaria, and the site of Dzhulyunitsa specifically, yielded surprising results which affect a number of aspects related to the study of the Neolithisation processes. Not all characteristic features traditionally considered as key signal of the Neolithisation processes were confirmed by our mineralogical and chemical analysis. A number of specifics related to the presence of engobe for instance, indicate a considerably more complex picture. In some cases the observations show no additional slip, just a simple burnish of the brownish ware, whereas in others a true slip covers both the inner and the outer surface of the vessels (white or cream-slip ware). With regard to the red engobe specifically, the majority of studied fragments actually have just red-colour surface that results from the oxidation or the rubbing of ochre, and not from the addition of a true slip. These observations raise the following question: do we actually compare same technological approaches, traditionally seen as signal for the spread of the Neolithic way of life? Furthermore, as regards the provenance of the vessels, materials expected to have local origin proved to be imported whereas others, seen as more specific and coming from distant territories were actually made on the spot by local row-materials. Even at this stage the preliminary results do not confirm some of the traditional views on this early material, raise a series of new questions and represent a ground for further interpretations and discussions regarding an eventual fragility of some models suggested for the Neolithisation processes in this part of South-East Europe.

The Technology of Primary Copper Mining in South-East Europe

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Copper Mining ◽  
East Europe ◽  
North East ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Direct Knowledge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Open Cast

Through lack of data, knowledge of primary copper mining has remained for a long time unclear (Bognár-Kutzián 1976, 75; Sherratt 1975, 577). For the same reason, comparisons with the mining of flint, well known in Central and Western Europe, were not possible. This lack of direct knowledge of copper mining has meant that theories concerning the origins of copper metallurgy have been based largely on the results of examination of various copper objects (Tylecote 1976, 5; Rowlands 1971, 210).Recent excavations carried out in SE Europe underline the importance of mining as a new element in the investigation of the beginning of copper metallurgy. Two sites are foremost: Ai Bunar in South Bulgaria and Rudna Glava in North-East Yugoslavia (fig. 1). Mining works of considerable size, attested at Ai Bunar, have not been completely examined (see now Cernych 1978, not available when this report was prepared). According to the published results, it seems to be a combination of open-cast and shaft extraction; the places of exploitation are numerous—eleven of them have been investigated—but this may not be the final total. An ore bed of copper carbonate minerals, mainly malachite and to a lesser extent azurite, has been exposed for a distance of 1·5 km (Cernych 1975, 133; Cernych 1978).

Varna and the social context of early metallurgy

Antiquity ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (206) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Renfrew
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
High Status ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Metallurgy

The discovery of what is demonstrably, on the basis of present knowledge, the earliest major assemblage of gold artifacts to be unearthed anywhere in the world is an event of some note, comparable in significance with Schliemann's find of the Great Treasure at Troy more than a century ago. The finds at Varna must be at least 1,500 years older than those of Troy 11, yet apart from the original announcement by their excavator (Ivanov, 1975), and useful, although brief, descriptions by Gimbutas (1977 a and b), the Varna cemetery has so far excited little archaeological comment. The publication by Ivanov (1978) of the first well-illustrated account of the cemetery allows an assessment of its importance. Its status as the oldest substantial find of gold emphasizes the position of south-east Europe as an early and independent centre of metallurgical innovation. But the gold is only one of several materials indicative of high status in the cemetery: what had hitherto seemed a moderately egalitarian society now displays clear evidence of salient ranking. This in turn has major implications for our understanding of the social context in which early metalworking in Europe developed and prospered.

scholarly journals THE ROAD TO PEACE IN THE BALKANS IS PAVED WITH BAD INTENTIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Copley
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Independent State ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Road ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
The Stability

It has been long and widely forecast that the security situation in the Balkans — indeed, in South-Eastern Europe generally — would become delicate, and would fracture, during the final stages of the Albanian quest for independence for the Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija. The Kosovo region is now a lawless area. It has been ethnically-cleansed of Serbs, and re-populated by Albanians who have progressively and illegally, over the past decades, migrated into the area. Years of so-called peacekeeping by the international community count for nothing. Kosovo’s presence as a nominally independent state, without any of the essential foundations to meet the true criteria for sovereignty, can in no way further the stability of the region, or of Europe. Neither can it serve US strategic interests, unless US interests can be defined as a breakdown of viability of Eastern and southern Europe. Not only Kosovo, but all of Albania and other Balkan communities have become captive of the criminal-political movements which owe their power to their alliance with Al-Qaida, Iran, and the Saudi-funded Wahhabist movements. Therefore, new warfare will be supported by many elements of the international Јihadist movements which work closely with Albanian groups such as the KLA along the so-called Green Transversal line (or Zelena Transverzala) — really a clandestine highway or network — which not only carries jihadists but also narcotics and weapons along international supply lines crossing from Turkey and the Adriatic into the Balkans and on into Western Europe. So, the broader battle is now being joined in South-East Europe, in Kosovo, Rashka, the Preshevo Valley, in FYROM, Montenegro, and Epirus being in large part proxy warfare which is symptomatic of the emergence of a new Cold War on a global scale. One can only imagine the negative consequences for Balkan stability if, for example, Turkey’s status changes and Ankara no longer feels obliged to temper its activities, or its use of Islamist surrogate or proxy groups to further pan-Turkish ambitions. On the other hand, we have not yet seen the completion of the break-up of Yugoslavia, and even the wrenching of Kosovo may not complete it. We will then see the dismemberment of some of the Yugoslav parts already independent, perhaps even the dismemberment of FYROM and Bosnia. Perhaps those State Department officials will be surprised, too, to see — a decade or two hence — the claims of autonomy emerging for parts of Arizona, Southern California, or Texas, citing the same pretext of “self-determination” now being claimed by those who moved across the borders to occupy Serbia’s Kosovo province. The Balkans region and the Eastern Mediterranean generally are entering a further period of crisis, insurrection, and possibly open conflict. None of the regional states, but particularly Serbia, are doing enough to address the security ramifications of the coming de facto independence of Kosovo. Finally, conflict issues in the Middle East, and specifically in Iraq, and relating to Iran, will continue to have a profound impact on the stability of the Balkans, and vice-versa

scholarly journals Early Neolithic jar burials in southeast Europe: a comparative approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krum Bacvarov
Keyword(s):  
Core Area ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
In The Beginning

A typical product of early farming symbolism, jar burial, appeared in the beginning of southeast European Neolithization. Early jar burial development in south-east Europe displays two distinct chronological levels: an early Neolithic core area in the Struma and Vardar valleys and the western Rhodope, and later, late/final Neolithic and/or early Chalcolithic – depending on local terminology – manifestations ‘scattered’ in various places in the study area. It is the early chronological level of jar burial distribution that will be considered here in relation to the first expressions of these mortuary practices in Central Anatolia, in order to throw some light on the specifics of their origins and variability.

scholarly journals Neolithisation of technology: innovation and tradition in the Starčevo culture osseous industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Vitezović
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

The earliest Neolithic cultures in Southeast Europe brought significant changes in many aspects of everyday life, in subsistence, settlement patterns, architecture, and also ritual aspects. Technological changes are also very important – the introduction of completely new technologies, such as clay working, or new techniques in existing industries, e.g., lithic, osseous, etc. The osseous industry is especially informative for questions on innovations and traditions, since it was well developed in both the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In Starčevo culture, certain Mesolithic traditions may be observed, such as techniques for antler manufacture; however, numerous innovations are also visible, particularly techno-types of Near Eastern origin such as spatula-spoons, the most characteristic bone techno-type of the Early Neolithic in South-east Europe, as well as diverse decorative items. Furthermore, new raw materials (bones from domestic animals) are introduced, and new techniques for manufacture and new tools. It is also interesting to observe that, although osseous materials remain the dominant raw material for personal ornaments, they are no longer used for artistic expression.

scholarly journals Tłumaczka Aleksandra Olędzka-Frybesowa jako eseistka i poetka

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-386
Author(s):  
Regina Lubas-Bartoszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gothic Architecture ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Thematic Pattern

This article presents the essays and poems of Aleksandra Olędzka-Frybesowa, who was a renowned translator from French and also English. In her essays, Olędzka-Frybesowa specialises in the Romanesque and Gothic architecture and sculpture of Western Europe as well as European painting from Medieval Ages onwards. She is also familiar with the art of South-East Europe. Her essays cover literary criticism devoted especially to poetry, with a particular interest in French and mystical poetry, as well as haiku, which was also her own artistic activity. The author of this article analyses Olędzka-Frybesowa’s ten volumes of poems, which follow a thematic pattern, especially the theme of wind (air). The analysis provides various insights into a variety of functions of this particular theme, from reality-based meanings to mystical and ethical features. This variety of funtions of the wind theme is supported by a particular melody of the poem and its abundant use of metaphors.

The impac t of carbon prices on CCS investment in South East Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Vladimir Franki ◽  
Vladimir Valentic ◽  
Alfredo Viskovic
Keyword(s):  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Carbon Prices

Determinants of Export Oriented Entrepreneurs from Southeast Europe Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-452
Author(s):  
Bojan Leković ◽  
Miodrag Petrović ◽  
Nemanja Berber
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
South East Europe

Abstract The subject of this research represents analysis of internationalisation activity of early-stage entrepreneurs in South East Europe region (SEE). The goal of this study is to determine characteristics of export oriented entrepreneurs from SEE region through the study of factors influencing international orientation. Geographical area of this research consists of countries from the South East Europe region. The research sample was formed on the basis of GEM - Global Individual Level Data, covering six countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR of Macedonia), 12027 respondents of which 645 export-oriented entrepreneurs were identified. Collected data are processed using the software package for statistical analysis. With the help of Ordinal Logistic regression, significant influence of individual factors on the international orientation of entrepreneurs was identified. Research results showed that entrepreneurial motives, entrepreneurial KSA’s, innovation and new technology have a positive relationship with internationalization activity. One of the significant limitations of this paper is the lower Nagelkerk coefficient, which is characteristic for social phenomena. Bearing in mind the fact that this research trying to explain entrepreneurial behaviour, lower coefficients can be very meaningfull.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document