scholarly journals Plant parasitic nematodes associated with selected agricultural soils in Kwara State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
O. Ahmed ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
H.S. Baba ◽  
N.A. Kalejaiye

Plant parasitic nematodes have caused huge yield loss on all agricultural crops. Knowledge of the type and quantity of these pathogens in soils is an indication of the risk of disease development in the crops grown on the soils. This study was carried out to determine the plant parasitic nematode composition of selected agricultural soils in Kwara State, Nigeria. Three sample locations from each of the forest and savannah agro-ecological zones of the state were selected for the study. Soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of five crops commonly grown in each of the six sample locations (Celosia sp. Cowpea, Maize, Soybean and Teak) using soil auger. Nematodes were extracted using the modified Bearmann technique and the nematodes were identified using standard identification key. The identity of the nematodes was confirmed at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. A total of six nematode genera namely, Meloidogyne sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Pratylenchus sp., Rotylenchus sp., and Tylenchus sp. were isolated with Meloidogyne sp. having the highest frequency of occurrence in most of the sampled locations and crops. The implication of nematodes in agricultural soils is discussed.

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Mokrini ◽  
Salah-Eddine Laasli ◽  
Youssef Karra ◽  
Aicha El Aissami ◽  
Abdelfattah A. Dababat

Summary Saffron (Crocus sativus) fields in Morocco’s Taliouine and Taznakht regions were surveyed between January and April 2018 to study the diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes and assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on the nematodes. Fourteen nematode genera were identified in soil and root samples collected from 66 saffron fields. The most common plant-parasitic nematodes in the Taliouine region were Pratylenchus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. In the Taznakht region, the most common nematodes were Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp. and Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus spp. and Ditylenchus spp., were abundant and frequent throughout the region. Several nematode genera were significantly associated with soil texture and mineral content, indicating that soil properties play an important role in plant-parasitic nematode communities. This description of plant-parasitic nematode assemblages associated with saffron fields in Morocco and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties provides a starting point from which appropriate nematode management strategies can be implemented.


1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.


Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Holguin ◽  
Xinyuan Ma ◽  
John D. Mueller ◽  
Paula Agudelo

Hoplolaimus columbus is an important nematode pest of soybean in South Carolina and North Carolina. Tolerant cultivars are available for the management of this plant-parasitic nematode; however, variation in the response of soybean cultivars to H. columbus populations has been observed. This variation may be due to the presence of different species or high genetic diversity of H. columbus populations. The objective of this study was to identify the Hoplolaimus spp. present in fields representing the main soybean-growing regions in South Carolina and North Carolina and to examine the genetic variability of these populations. In South Carolina, the only species found associated with soybean was H. columbus but, in North Carolina, H. stephanus was the dominant species. The two species were never found together. Genetic variability analyses of a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker showed that only one haplotype was shared by the H. columbus populations. H. stephanus showed higher genetic variability, with private haplotypes per sampling location. Knowledge of the distribution and genetic variability of these two Hoplolaimus spp. is valuable to growers to determine potentially damaging infestations of these plant-parasitic nematodes in soybean fields.


Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Schmidt ◽  
Maria R. Finckh ◽  
Johannes Hallmann

Soil conservation is one of the major challenges for agriculture in the 21st century. For this reason, non-inversion tillage systems including subsidiary crops have become popular over the last three decades in Europe. However, the adoption of new agricultural practices may change the diversity and abundance of certain pests and diseases. For example, plant-parasitic nematodes that are major threats towards cultivated plants may be promoted if good hosts, such as certain subsidiary crops and weeds, occur more frequently. The indigenous plant-parasitic nematode fauna under organic farming systems is already adapted to diverse crop rotations and usually dominated by nematodes with broad host ranges. These may be further enhanced in organic farming systems if non-inversion tillage is introduced, which generally increases the abundance and biomass of certain weeds. We evaluated the early effects of non-inversion tillage and subsidiary crops in an organic wheat-potato rotation on plant-parasitic nematodes in two field experiments in two successive years. The total densities of plant-parasitic nematodes increased from an initial 1260 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 at the start of the experiment to 1850 and 1700 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 after wheat under non-inversion and conventional tillage, respectively. Plant-parasitic nematode densities then decreased on average to 1100 and 560 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 after subsidiary crops and potatoes, respectively. Parasitic nematode densities tended to be higher under non-inversion than conventional tillage, except where oilseed radish and black oats had been used as cover crops. For the latter, no differences between tillage treatments occurred. In the second experiment, about 1700 free-living nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 were found under conventional tillage without mulch while under reduced tillage with mulch their numbers were significantly higher at 3100 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1. We conclude that an appropriate choice of subsidiary crops can be an important management factor for the long term sustainability of non-inversion tillage systems.


Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan Zeng ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
James Kerns ◽  
Lane Tredway ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
...  

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.


2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
F. W. Kornobis ◽  
U. Sobczyńska

SummaryDuring a survey on the occurrence of the plant parasitic nematodes of the family Longidoridae in Poland, 925 soil samples were taken. Longidorus distinctus was present in 10 (1.08 %) of these samples. In this Research Note we provide: 1) distribution map of these populations, 2) morphometric data, 3) sequence data for D2-D3 28S rDNA and (partial)18S-ITS1 -5.8S(partial) markers and 4) LdistFOR primer (5′-GGCTGTAAAGATATATGCGT-3’) effective in obtaining ITS1 sequence for the species. Morphometric similarities and dissimilarities with data on other published populations are discussed.


Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.


HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264D-264
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Robbins

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Phong V. Nguyen

Effectors have been identified to play a very important role in the parasitism of plant-parasitic nematode. To cope with this type of pathogen, many approaches of silencing genes encoding for effectors have been studied and promise to be an effective tool to create plant varieties resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the Minc16281 gene encoding a pioneer effector with unknown function was determined and cloned from a Meloidogyne incognita population isolated from soybean field (ID: MH315945.1). The nucleotide sequence of this gene showed 97% identity to its homolog in GenBank (ID: JK287445.1) used as the control strain in our research. To generate host-induced gene silencing constructs which can potentially silence the expression of Minc16281 gene, two artificial microRNAs were synthesized based on the miR319a structure of Arabidopsis thaliana and inserted into an expression vector in soybean. These microRNAs can be introduced into soybean to investigate the function of Minc16281 on parasitism of root-knot nematode.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Nabilah Nabilah ◽  
I Gede Swibawa ◽  
Radix Suharjo ◽  
Yuyun Fitriana

Diversity and abundance of nematodes in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivation in Lampung. Crystal guava agroecosystem is inhabited by many species of plant parasitic nematodes. However, information regarding this topic was still limited. This study aimed to understand the species dominancy of nematodes in crystal guava cultivation in Lampung. Sampling was carried out in three locations of guava crystal plantations: Lampung Timur, Lampung Tengah, and Tanggamus. The laboratory analysis was done at the Plant Pest Science Laboratory and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Universitas Lampung. The study was conducted in December 2019 – July 2020. Nematodes were identified to the level of the genus. The Prominance value (PV) was used to assess the nematodes genus dominancy. The results showed that the nematodes inhabiting the crystal guava agro-ecosystem in Lampung was both plant parasitic and free-living nematodes. The plant parasitic nematodes were identified as Meloidogyne, Aphelenchus, Hemicriconemoides, Tylenchus, Aphelenchoides, and Xiphinema, while free-living nematodes was Rhabditis, Dorylaimine, Dorylaimus, and Mononchus. The dominant plant parasitic nematode was Meloidogyne and the dominant free-living nematode was Rhabditis. The abundance of Meloidogyne /300 mL of soil was 351.47 individuals in Lampung Timur, 124.27 individuals in Lampung Tengah, and 82.18 individuals in Tanggamus. The dominant free-living nematode in the three locations was Rhabditis.


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