scholarly journals Comparison of two diagnostic techniques to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections in Cameroonian school children

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
N.P. Sangue Soppa ◽  
S.M. Mekam Nkengni ◽  
R.P. Nguepnang ◽  
P Vignoles ◽  
L.A. Tchuem-Tchuenté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques

scholarly journals Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests to detect Schistosoma mansoni infections in school children in Mwanza region, Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Fuss ◽  
Humphrey Deogratias Mazigo ◽  
Dennis Tappe ◽  
Christa Kasang ◽  
Andreas Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diagnostic Tests

Observations on the effects of different chemotherapy strategies on the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Machakos District, Kenya, measured by long-term snail sampling and cercariometry

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sturrock ◽  
R. K. Klumpp ◽  
J. H. Ouma ◽  
A. E. Butterworth ◽  
A. J. C. Fulford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seasonal Transmission ◽  
Minimal Treatment ◽  
Ecological Differences

SUMMARYTransmission of Schistosoma mansoni was monitored by routine snail sampling for Biomphalaria pfeifferi and by supplementary cercariometric measurements in 4 neighbouring study areas in Machakos District, Kenya. After 1 year, extensive, population-based chemotherapy with a single dose of praziquantel was given in 3 areas, but only minimal treatment in the fourth. In the year preceding treatment, seasonal transmission of S. mansoni and other non-human trematodes occurred in all 4 areas, despite some ecological differences and the effects of earlier treatment campaigns in 1 of the study areas. After treatment of all infected subjects in one area in which there had been earlier chemotherapy campaigns, S. mansoni transmission remained very low. It was reduced for at least 2 years after chemotherapy targeted at either all heavily infected subjects or all infected school children, but it was unaffected in an area where treatment was restricted to those few very heavily infected cases at risk of developing, disease. Nowhere was transmission entirely eliminated by chemotherapy and that of non-human trematodes continued unabated. The snail data correspond well with the human, parasitological data. Targeting school children was as effective as more extensive campaigns, but chemotherapy alone never stopped S. mansoni transmission: reinfection was inevitable, at rates determined by ecological factors affecting snail populations.

scholarly journals Soil transmitted helminths and schistosoma mansoni infections among school children in zarima town, northwest Ethiopia

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Alemu ◽  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw ◽  
Takele Teklu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths

Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Primary School Children from a Village Endemic for Schistosoma mansoni

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bassily ◽  
G. T. Strickland ◽  
M. F. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
G. E. Esmat ◽  
S. Narooz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination

scholarly journals Determining post-treatment surveillance criteria for predicting the elimination of Schistosoma mansoni transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Toor ◽  
James E. Truscott ◽  
Marleen Werkman ◽  
Hugo C. Turner ◽  
Anna E. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has set elimination (interruption of transmission) as an end goal for schistosomiasis. However, there is currently little guidance on the monitoring and evaluation strategy required once very low prevalence levels have been reached to determine whether elimination or resurgence of the disease will occur after stopping mass drug administration (MDA) treatment. Methods We employ a stochastic individual-based model of Schistosoma mansoni transmission and MDA impact to determine a prevalence threshold, i.e. prevalence of infection, which can be used to determine whether elimination or resurgence will occur after stopping treatment with a given probability. Simulations are run for treatment programmes with varying probabilities of achieving elimination and for settings where adults harbour low to high burdens of infection. Prevalence is measured based on using a single Kato-Katz on two samples per individual. We calculate positive predictive values (PPV) using PPV ≥ 0.9 as a reliable measure corresponding to ≥ 90% certainty of elimination. We analyse when post-treatment surveillance should be carried out to predict elimination. We also determine the number of individuals across a single community (of 500–1000 individuals) that should be sampled to predict elimination. Results We find that a prevalence threshold of 1% by single Kato-Katz on two samples per individual is optimal for predicting elimination at two years (or later) after the last round of MDA using a sample size of 200 individuals across the entire community (from all ages). This holds regardless of whether the adults have a low or high burden of infection relative to school-aged children. Conclusions Using a prevalence threshold of 0.5% is sufficient for surveillance six months after the last round of MDA. However, as such a low prevalence can be difficult to measure in the field using Kato-Katz, we recommend using 1% two years after the last round of MDA. Higher prevalence thresholds of 2% or 5% can be used but require waiting over four years for post-treatment surveillance. Although, for treatment programmes where elimination is highly likely, these higher thresholds could be used sooner. Additionally, switching to more sensitive diagnostic techniques, will allow for a higher prevalence threshold to be employed.

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