Public health importance of lassa fever epidemiology, clinical features and current management review of literature

Gambling is a popular pastime in India, as in most cultures across the world. Although research from India is limited, there is enough evidence to suggest that it should be of public health importance. In this brief paper, we look at the evolution of gambling in India and also discuss potential ways forward to address this issue.

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Reconciling Epidemiology’s Aspirations and Capabilities

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwaa271 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David A Savitz

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Action Current ◽

Current Trends ◽

The Face ◽

Health Action ◽

New Challenges ◽

Health Applications

Abstract Interpreting the results of epidemiologic studies calls for objectivity and rigorous scrutiny, acknowledging the limitations that temper the applicability of the findings to public health action. Current trends have posed new challenges to balancing goal of scientific objectivity and validity with public health applications. The ongoing tension between epidemiology’s aspirations and capability has several sources: the need to overpromise in research proposals, compromising methodologic rigor because of public health importance, defending findings in the face of hostile critics, and appealing to core constituencies who have specific expectations from the research.

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Risk Factors, and Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Ischemic Strokes in COVID-19-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review of Literature

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000514267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Simone Vidale

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Large Artery ◽

Causal Association ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Time

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic and worldwide health emergency that has caused important changes in healthcare systems. Previous studies reported an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including stroke. This systematic review aims to describe the clinical features and etiological characteristics of ischemic stroke patients with COVID-19 infection. Method: A literature search was performed in principal databases for studies and case reports containing data concerning risk factors, clinical features, and etiological characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 and suffering from stroke. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. Results: Overall, 14 articles were included for a total of 93 patients. Median age was 65 (IQR: 55–75) years with prevalence in males. Stroke occurred after a median of 6 days from COVID-19 infection diagnosis. Median National of Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 19. Cryptogenic (Cry) strokes were more frequent (51.8%), followed by cardioembolic etiology, and they occurred a long time after COVID-19 diagnosis compared with large-artery atherosclerosis strokes (ptrend: 0.03). The clinical severity of stroke was significantly associated with the severity grade of COVID-19 infection (ptrend: 0.03). Conclusions: Ischemic strokes in COVID-19-infected patients were clinically severe, affecting younger patients mainly with Cry and cardioembolic etiologies. Further multicenter prospective registries are needed to better describe the causal association and the effect of COVID-19 infection on stroke.

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First molecular detection of hepatitis E virus genome in camel and pig faecal samples in Ethiopia

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01626-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fufa Dawo Bari ◽

Haimanot Belete Wodaje ◽

Umer Said ◽

Hika Waktole ◽

Melaku Sombo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Human Infection ◽

Health Concern ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Viral Gene ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Faecal Samples

Abstract Background Hepatitis E is an enteric and zoonotic disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route through contaminated food or the environment. The virus is an emerging infectious agent causing acute human infection worldwide. A high seroprevalence of the disease was reported in pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, raising significant public health concern. The presence of HEV specific antibodies were also reported in dromedary camels in the country; however, the infectious virus and/or the viral genome have not been demonstrated to date in animal samples. Methods To address this gap, a total of 95 faecal samples collected from both apparently healthy pigs of uncharacterised types (50 samples) in Burayu and Addis Ababa areas and camels (Camelus dromedarius, 45 samples) in west Hararghe were screened for the presence of HEV genome using universal primers in a fully nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR). The protocol is capable of detecting HEV in faecal samples from both pigs and camels. Results The nRT-PCR detected HEV genes in six (12%) pig faecal samples and one camel sample (2.2%). Therefore, the results indicate that HEV is circulating in both pigs and camels in Ethiopia and these animals and their products could serve as a potential source of infection for humans. Conclusion The detection of HEV in both animals could raise another concern regarding its public health importance as both animals’ meat and camel milk are consumed in the country. Further studies to determine the prevalence and distribution of the virus in different animals and their products, water bodies, food chain, and vegetables are warranted, along with viral gene sequencing for detailed genetic characterisation of the isolates circulating in the country. This information is critically important to design and institute appropriate control and/or preventive measures.

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Criteria for identifying allergenic foods of public health importance

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 42-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

B. Björkstén ◽

R. Crevel ◽

C. Hischenhuber ◽

M. Løvik ◽

F. Samuels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Importance

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RESEARCH ON SELF MEDICATION: A HYPE OR A HOPE? A LITERATURE REVIEW.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.13757 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Mythri Halappa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Recent Trend ◽

Public Health Practice ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Self Medication ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Health Organization

AbstractMedications are one of the most important tools in public health practice. Since the 1980s, self‑medication is of prime public health importance as World Health Organization, in order to reduce the burden on health care professionals changed some prescription drugs to be sold over the counter. Each drug has its own advantages & disadvantages. Hence, always they have to be taken with caution. Considering this a recent trend has increased in surveying the prevalence of self medication. Hence, this review critically evaluated the studies to put a light on basic concept of self medication.Key words: Self medication, Drug abuse, Self care, Substance abuse, Antibiotic usage.

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Insecticide Susceptibility of Some Insects of Public Health Importance

International Journal of Pest Management Part A ◽

10.1080/04345546609415389 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 87-87

Author(s):

R. Pal ◽

R. L. Kalra

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Insecticide Susceptibility

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Focal nodular hyperplasia in children: clinical features and current management practice

Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.12.027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1797-1803 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Timothy Lautz ◽

Niramol Tantemsapya ◽

Alexander Dzakovic ◽

Riccardo Superina

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ◽

Management Practice ◽

Current Management ◽

Nodular Hyperplasia

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Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution

10.1101/224048 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

James Hadfield ◽

Colin Megill ◽

Sidney M. Bell ◽

John Huddleston ◽

Barney Potter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Real Time ◽

Web Application ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Data Types ◽

Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Viral Genomes ◽

Effective Public Health ◽

Interactive Visualisation

AbstractSummaryUnderstanding the spread and evolution of pathogens is important for effective public health measures and surveillance. Nextstrain consists of a database of viral genomes, a bioinformatics pipeline for phylodynamics analysis, and an interactive visualisation platform. Together these present a real-time view into the evolution and spread of a range of viral pathogens of high public health importance. The visualization integrates sequence data with other data types such as geographic information, serology, or host species. Nextstrain compiles our current understanding into a single accessible location, publicly available for use by health professionals, epidemiologists, virologists and the public alike.Availability and implementationAll code (predominantly JavaScript and Python) is freely available from github.com/nextstrain and the web-application is available at nextstrain.org.

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