Community Participation in the Management of Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary, Ghana

Effective community participation in the management of tourism projects is advocated as a useful tool for sustaining such projects but also, as a means of empowering community members. Though this subject has received much academic attention in the broader tourism literature pertaining to other regions, the specific forms of participation relative to community-based tourism projects, the activities engaged in by community members as well as the impediments to their participation in such projects are yet to be investigated and understood in Ghana. Thus, this study aims to unpack how residents get involve in the management of the Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary, the specific activities they undertake as well as challenges they face in that regard. The study employed a mixedmethods research design comprising 206 surveys, six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions. The results show that community members participate in the project through the services they offer to guests and compliance with laid down rules regarding access and usage of the resource. Also, there was unanimity regarding the forms of participation in the project which were largely coercive and inducive in nature but also barriers which were mainly operational and structural in a nature. In dealing with operational barriers, the study recommends that the Sanctuary Management Committee should provide community members with adequate information to sidestep any possible mistrust in the management. And to address structural barriers, management should also provide training programmes to the community to enable them contribute meaningfully to issues concerning the project. Keywords: Community Participation, Tourism, Management, Mixed-Methods, Ghana

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“Our culture prohibits some things”: Qualitative inquiry into how sociocultural context influences the scale up of community-based injectable contraceptives in Nigeria

10.1101/19010587 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Oluwaseun Akinyemi ◽

Bronwyn Harris ◽

Mary Kawonga

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Health Workers ◽

Scale Up ◽

Community Members ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Injectable Contraceptives ◽

Depth Interviews

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how sociocultural factors may support or impede the adoption of community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Nigeria.DesignA qualitative study based on a grounded theory approach was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.SettingMost participants lived in Gombe State, North East Nigeria. Other participants were from Ibadan (South West) and Abuja (Federal capital territory).ParticipantsThrough seven key informant interviews, 15 in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions, 102 participants were involved in the study.MethodsThis study, conducted in 2016 was part of a larger study on scale up of community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives. Qualitative data were collected from traditional and religious leaders, health workers and community members. The data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic framework method.ResultsSociocultural challenges to scale up included patriarchy and men’s fear of losing control over their spouses, traditional and religious beliefs about fertility, and myths about contraceptives and family planning. As a result of deep-rooted beliefs that children are ‘divine blessings’ and that procreation should not be regulated, participants described a subtle resistance to uptake of injectable contraceptives. Since Gombe is largely a patriarchal society, male involvement emerged as important to the success of meaningful innovation uptake. Community leaders largely described their participation in the scale up process as active, although they also identified scope for further involvement and recognition.ConclusionScale up is more than setting up health sector implementing structures, training health workers and getting innovation supplies, but also requires preparedness which includes paying attention to complex contextual issues. This requires the health system and those who work in it, to move beyond a narrow health ‘comfort zone’ by actively engaging with, and learning from, those who are leading, caring for and living in, the community.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe study participants represented a range of stakeholders - users of injectable contraceptives, community members, providers and health system managers.Our results highlighted that scale up is influenced by several socio-cultural factors; thus, showing the importance of paying attention to complex contextual issues during innovation uptake.The findings of our study emphasized how health systems and communities should interact in order to ensure successful scale up of health innovations.As with any qualitative study, the findings of this study are not statistically generalizable.FundingThis research was supported by the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Grant No--B 8606.R02), Sida (Grant No:54100113), the DELTAS Africa Initiative (Grant No: 107768/Z/15/Z) and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)’s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust (UK) and the UK government. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors.Declarations of interestNone.

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Towards Programs Sustainability: Assessment of Institutional Determinants for Effective Community Participation in Development Programs in Tanzania

International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development ◽

10.21625/essd.v6i2.838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Daniel Wandera Clief Naku ◽

Jacob Kihila ◽

Eluether Mwageni

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Development Program ◽

Development Programs ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Institutional Determinants ◽

Determining Factors ◽

Effective Community ◽

Program Benefits

This paper brings to the fore an assessment of institutional determinants for effective community participation in development programs for the case of Tanzania. It is highly acknowledged in various scholarly literature that there is a strong link between community participation and development programs. In fact, literature shows that community-based development programs that have allowed community members to be fully involved in various programs have been successful when compared to those where community members are seen as spectators.However, in order for community members to take part in the programs, there are several determining factors, ranging from socio-economic, socio-cultural to institutional based factors.This study therefore sought to assess institutional determinants with the aim of identifying the major institutional determinants capable of influencing effective community participation in development programs. The study used four programs that were categorized as Locally Funded, Government Funded, Donor Funded and Joint Funded development programs. A combined sample size of 316 participants from all the four programs was employed. Collected data were analyzed through the within-case analysis and the comparative analysis approaches.Results of the study revealed that program benefits, objectives and leadership were the major institutional determinants for promoting effective community participation in development programs. when compared to methods used in the other three examined programs. Hence, the study concluded by emphasizing on the need to ensure these institutional based factors (program benefits, objectives and leadership) should always be given due attention in any development program.

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Assessing the operational feasibility and acceptability of an inhalable formulation of oxytocin for improving community-based prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in Myanmar: a qualitative inquiry

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e022140

Author(s):

Kyu Kyu Than ◽

Victoria Oliver ◽

Yasmin Mohamed ◽

Thazin La ◽

Pete Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Qualitative Inquiry ◽

Community Members ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Depth Interviews

ObjectiveThis study assessed the potential operational feasibility and acceptability of a heat-stable, inhaled oxytocin (IOT) product for community-based prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in Myanmar.MethodsA qualitative inquiry was conducted between June 2015 and February 2016 through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Research was conducted in South Dagon township (urban setting) and in Ngape and Thanlyin townships (rural settings) in Myanmar. Eleven focus group discussions and 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers, healthcare providers and other key informants. All audio recordings were transcribed verbatim in Myanmar language and were translated into English. Thematic content analysis was done using NVivo software.ResultsFuture introduction of an IOT product for community-based services was found to be acceptable among mothers and healthcare providers and would be feasible for use by lower cadres of healthcare providers, even in remote settings. Responses from healthcare providers and community members highlighted that midwives and volunteer auxiliary midwives would be key advocates for promoting community acceptance of the product. Healthcare providers perceived the ease of use and lack of dependence on cold storage as the main enablers for IOT compared with the current gold standard oxytocin injection. A single-use disposable device with clear pictorial instructions and a price that would be affordable by the poorest communities was suggested. Appropriate training was also said to be essential for the future induction of the product into community settings.ConclusionIn Myanmar, where home births are common, access to cold storage and skilled personnel who are able to deliver injectable oxytocin is limited. Among community members and healthcare providers, IOT was perceived to be an acceptable and feasible intervention for use by lower cadres of healthcare workers, and thus may be an alternative solution for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in community-based settings in the future.

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Implementation of solid waste management policies in Kenya: challenges and opportunities

10.31124/advance.16437345 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dickson Amugsi ◽

Kanyiva Muindi ◽

Blessing Mberu

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Civil Society Organisations ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Rich Information ◽

Depth Interviews

<p>The study used quality methods to collect the data. The data collection was conducted both in Nairobi and Mombasa (two main commercial cities), using in-depth interviews (IDIs), key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 10 FGDs (Each FGD was made up of 8-12 people), 15 IDIs and 15 KIIs were completed with selected respondents in the two cities. The purposive sampling strategy was used to select respondents who would be better positioned to provide rich information on the subject being investigated. The IDIs and FGDs were conducted with community members and solid waste (SW) workers, including scavengers. while KIIs were conducted with policymakers, civil society organisations, international non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and national institutions responsible for environmental issues in Kenya. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by professional transcribers, translated into English for interviews conducted in the local language, and validated by an independent transcriber. Thematic analytical approach was employed in the analysis of the data.</p><p></p>

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Implementation of solid waste management policies in Kenya: challenges and opportunities

10.31124/advance.16437345.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dickson Amugsi ◽

Kanyiva Muindi ◽

Blessing Mberu

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Civil Society Organisations ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Rich Information ◽

Depth Interviews

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Exploring the Lives, Communities, and Social Circles of Individuals with Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities through Photo Voice

ENGAGE! Co-created Knowledge Serving the City ◽

10.18060/23357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lauren A Wendling ◽

Katie Brooks

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disabilities ◽

Community Participation ◽

Romantic Partners ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Research ◽

Staff Members ◽

Low Profile ◽

Photo Voice

The voices of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) are valuable and much needed in community-based research. In this study, Photo Voice provided a way to engage individuals with IDD in research exploring their lives, communities, and social circles through photography. Enabling community members to serve as co-researchers and catalysts for change in their own communities, Photo Voices is a research methodology that seeks to 1) enable people to record and reflect their community’s assets and needs, 2) promote dialogue and action about important issues raised through group discussions and photographs, and 3) reach local and/or national policymakers. This Indianapolis-based study involved nine co-researchers, all of whom live with an IDD, who came together to discuss their lives and communities through photography. The following six themes emerged from discussions about their photographs and are presented as points of discussion: 1) the significance of place, 2) the primacy of friends, 3) the importance of social activities and community participation, 4) pride in the ability to live independently, 5) the low profile of family and staff members, and 6) the absence of romantic partners. Discussions about the co-researchers’ photographs uncovered important themes regarding social relationships, community participation, and independence that led to action in the form of a letter writing campaign to local and national policymakers and a public art show to display and discuss their photography.

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The Meaning of Having an Autistic Child in Malay Family Indonesia

Unnes Journal of Public Health ◽

10.15294/ujph.v0i0.29527 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Cau Kim Jiu ◽

Somporn Rungreangkulkij

Keyword(s):

Autistic Child ◽

Health Workers ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Autistic Children ◽

Community Members ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Study Results ◽

Second Category ◽

Depth Interviews

The condition of families with autistic children raises many views and judgments both from family and society. This ethnographic study aimed to describe the meaning of families and communities towards families with autistic children. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Key informants come from families who have autistic children and community members recruited by purposive sampling, while the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study results generate two categories of perception of the meaning of having autistic children. The first category was made by the families which comprises four themes such as 1) A test from God, 2) Destiny of God, 3) Autistic children different with other children, and 4) Children who need intensive helping. The second category was the perception made by the community members which consists of two themes, such as 1) Test for family, and 2) An autistic child as a holy child. This study further shows that culture is believed to determine how families and the members of the community perceive and interpret the existence of autistic children in the families so that it is very important for health workers to understand the culture that exists in the community.

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Factors Related to Community Mobilization and Continued Involvement in a Community-Based Effort To Enhance Adolescents' Sexual Behaviour

The Qualitative Report ◽

10.46743/2160-3715/2002.1984 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Christine Joffres ◽

Deborah Langille ◽

Janet Rigby ◽

Donald Langille

Keyword(s):

Board Of Directors ◽

Health Centre ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Community Mobilization ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Project Coordinator ◽

The Board Of Directors ◽

Personal Community ◽

Depth Interviews

Purpose: This article describes and proposes a model of the factors that influenced community members' initial mobilization, continuing effort, or lack of involvement in a community based-intervention on adolescents' sexual health in Nova Scotia, Canada. Design: This study was conducted within the constructivist paradigm and guided by the principles of grounded theory. Methods: Factors related to community members' initial and continued involvement were explored using analyses of the contents of in-depth interviews and written documentation through pattern identification, clustering of conceptual groupings, identification of relationships between variables, constant comparisons, and theoretical memos. Subjects: Respondents included 14 participants, the 12 members of the Board of Directors and two paid staff (i.e., the project coordinator and the health centre nurse). Results: Specific personal, community-related, and organizational factors have influenced community members' involvement in the project. These factors were grouped into an explanatory model.

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Community Perception about Children with Hydrocephalus in Lagos State, Nigeria

The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology ◽

10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0101) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 147-164

Author(s):

Mistura A. Bakare

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Education ◽

Health Belief ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Community Perception ◽

Community Members ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Key Informant ◽

Belief Model ◽

Depth Interviews

This study which was anchored in Health Belief Model and Functionalism investigated the perceived cause of hydrocephalus and the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on such perception. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, Focus group discussions (FDGs), In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Results indicate that perception about the cause of the condition included that it is a kind of punishment for sin (50%), spiritual attacks (27.3%), genetic (13.7%) and infection (9%). Community perception was higher especially with respondents age 42-47 (OR=1.32), female (OR=1.47), tertiary education (OR=0.69), punishment for sin (OR=0.61), spiritual attacks (OR=0.26) and infection (OR=0.48) than genetic factor. Community belief that hydrocephalus does not require medical attention negatively affected seeking medical help early. Other limiting factors were fear of surgical complications, inability of mothers to take responsibility; poor family social supports system and stigmatisation. There is need for stakeholders and agencies to enlighten community members on hydrocephalus and provide social support for children with the condition.

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Local community participation in rhino conservation - Key to conservation success.

Research in Ecology ◽

10.30564/re.v2i3.2349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

ADMIRE CHANYANDURA

Keyword(s):

Community Participation ◽

Local Community ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Local Communities ◽

Wildlife Trade ◽

Community Members ◽

Community Based ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Financial Benefits ◽

Rhino Poaching

A robust framework to guide community engagement in illegal wildlife trade is lacking. There is a need to reconnect local communities with their original wildlife, a connection which they have lost through the influence of colonialism and neo-colonialism. Virtually all conservation bodies and players believe that local communities are key to the success of rhino conservation but they are not equally walking their talk. Bottom-up community-based initiatives help to curb poaching especially level one poachers. The multifaceted problem of African rhino poaching on the continent is approaching calamitous proportions, with astounding, sobering statistics revealing the sheer extent of the illegal practice today. The interplay of rhino horn demand and supply side is fuelled by poverty, greed, superstition, corruption, social injustice, ruthlessness, and ignorance. Economic transformation benefiting wildlife and communities is key to save the rhinoceros species. Rhino properties should provide direct financial benefits to communities, building capacity and engage community members and private landowners in rhinoceros conservation. Rhino protection should be incentivized, continuously increasing the number of people benefiting from conservation, and decreasing animosity toward wildlife will motivate local people to fully embrace conservation efforts. Conservation efforts should first target level one poachers who are vulnerable and exposed, by developing a comprehensive profitable and lucrative community participation packages in all rhino properties. Conservationists should walk their talk and genuinely work with local communities to build support for rhino conservation through education, awareness, self-sustaining business ventures and employment.

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