scholarly journals Estimation of Reminant Gold Resources of Old Underground Workings by Indicator Approach – A Case Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Al-Hassan ◽  
L Aboagye
Keyword(s):  
Indicator Approach ◽  
Underground Workings

A Quantile Composite-Indicator Approach for the Measurement of Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being: A Case Study of the Italian Provinces

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Davino ◽  
Pasquale Dolce ◽  
Stefania Taralli ◽  
Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Composite Indicator ◽  
Indicator Approach ◽  
Italian Provinces

scholarly journals Assessment of the Errors in the Transmission of the Orientation and Cartographic System from the Surface to an Underground Mine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Sanmiquel ◽  
Marc Bascompta ◽  
Josep M. Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Underground Infrastructure ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
Different Sources

A proper transmission of the orientation between surface and underground workings, by means of vertical shafts, is an important challenge in the mining industry, especially when the mine exceeds 200 meters deep. In fact, this study is developed in a mine located to 700 meters deep. Likewise, this paper assesses the accuracy of this operation, in a case study, using the two shafts plumbing and gyroscope methods in order to compare and analyse the planimetric displacement of the base line due to different source of errors in each one. Upsides and downsides of both methods are analysed in the paper. Some disadvantages in each method have been reduced thanks to the technological progress, especially in the two shaft plumbing method. The different sources of error that affect the measures are thoroughly analysed in the study with the aim to compensate them and achieve the required precision for an underground infrastructure. Mine ventilation has been found as one of the most important sources of error in the plumbing method due to intake and return airflow. In this direction, the paper unfolds some measures to reduce the ventilation influence and details a compensation method to reduce ventilation errors.

scholarly journals Challenge for Planning by Using Cluster Methodology: The Case Study of the Algarve Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bienvenido-Huertas ◽  
Fátima Farinha ◽  
Miguel José Oliveira ◽  
Elisa M. J. Silva ◽  
Rui Lança
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Indicator Approach

This study analyses the most appropriate methodology to make similarity classifications among the cities of the Algarve (Portugal) according to 105 sustainability indicators monitored with the Observatory of Sustainability of the Algarve Region for Tourism (OBSERVE). The methodology used to establish the similarities was the cluster analysis with 4 different approaches which reduced the dimensions of the data set: total approach, pillar approach, subject area approach, and indicator approach. By combining the approaches, a total of 620 different cluster analyses were performed. The results reflected that the data analysis approaches with less dimensions were those that performed the best groups among cities. In this sense, the approaches with a high number of indicators (e.g., the total or the pillar approach) were characterised by misclassifying cities in more than 30% of the indicators. Thus, the most acceptable cluster analysis approach was that with a low number of indicators. Through this approach, it was possible to make correct groups of the sustainability level of the cities of the Algarve. These results provided an appropriate methodology for the decision-making regarding the sustainability of a region and could be extrapolated to other regions to assess sustainability or environmental indicators.

Selecting sanitation systems for sustainability in developing countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2973-2982 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Flores ◽  
C. Buckley ◽  
R. Fenner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Indicator Approach ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a methodology for systematically incorporating multi-dimensional sustainability considerations into the selection of wastewater options for developing countries and the evaluation and comparison of these options. Appropriate technologies for developing countries were screened based on their function and their use of operational sustainability features; this list of technologies can then be used to elaborate design options. Sustainability indicators are used to enable a parallel comparison of the options from environmental, economic, and socio-cultural perspectives. For illustration, the indicator approach is applied to a case study of the sanitation options for peri-urban/rural areas of the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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