scholarly journals Phytodiversité et productivité herbacée du futur site de pré-lâché d’autruche d’Afrique du Nord (Struthio camelus camelus L.) dans le Koutous, Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-416
Author(s):  
Maïmounatou Ibrahim Mamadou ◽  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
North African ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Ascending Hierarchical Classification

L’autruche d’Afrique du Nord (Struthio camelus camelus) communément appelée autruche à cou rouge a disparu à l’état naturel au Niger depuis 2004. Le présent article est une contribution au processus de réintroduction de cette espèce, qui vise à caractériser la végétation du site dénommé « Tchillala » dans le Koutous, site pilote pour le pré-lâché de l’autruche. Les relevés phytosociologiques ont été effectués à l’aide de la méthode sigmatiste d’abondance-dominance de Braun-Blanquet dans 42 placettes de 1000 m² (50 m × 20 m). Dans chaque placette, la coupe de la phytomasse herbacée a été réalisée dans des carrés de rendement de 1 m². Au total, soixante-six (66) espèces réparties en cinquante un (51) genres et vingt-huit (28) familles ont été recensées. La classification hiérarchique ascendante des relevés a permis d’individualiser trois groupements végétaux : le groupement à Acacia tortilis et Tribulus terrestris, le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Zornia glochidiata et le groupement à Leptadenia pyrotechnica et Echinochloa colona. La richesse spécifique de ces groupements végétaux varie de quarante un (41) à soixante-deux (62) espèces. L’indice de diversité de Shannon varie de 4,01 à 3,16 bits et l’indice d’équitabilité de Piélou de 0,56 à 0,67. La productivité moyenne de la phytomasse herbacée des trois groupements est de 0,48±0,17 tonnes de matière sèche par hectare et une capacité de charge moyenne de 0,07±0,02 UBT/ha/an. Les spectres biologiques des groupements montrent une dominance des thérophytes. Quant aux spectres phytogéographiques, ils montrent une dominance des espèces paléotropicales. Ce site possède un potentiel floristique pour faire le pré-lâchage des autruches.Mots clés : Struthio camelus camelus, phytosociologie, productivité, réintroduction, Koutous, Niger   English Title: Phytodiversity and herbaceous productivity of the future site of pre-release ostrich of North Africa (Struthio camelus camelus L.) in Koutous, Niger The North African ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus), commonly known as the Red-necked Ostrich, which has been extirpated from Niger since 2004. This article is a contribution to the reintroduction process of this species; aims to characterize the vegetation of the site called "Tchillala" in the Koutous, pilot site for the ostrich pre-release. The phytosociological surveys were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet sigmatism abundance-dominance method in 42 plots of 1000 m² (50 m × 20 m). In each plot, herbaceous phytomass was cut in yield squares of 1 m². A total of sixty-six (66) species divided into fifty-one (51) genera and twenty-eight (28) families were identified. The ascending hierarchical classification of the surveys has shown three plants groups such as Acacia tortilis and Tribulus terrestris group, Balanites aegyptiaca and Zornia glochidiata group and Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Echinochloa colona group. The species richness of these plant groups varies from 62 to 41 species. The Shannon diversity index varies from 4.01 to 3.16 bits and Piélou's equitability index from 0.56 to 0.67. The average productivity of the herbaceous phytomass of the three groups is 0.48 ± 0.17 tonnes of dry matter per hectare and an average carrying capacity of 0.07±0.02 TLU/ha/year. The biological spectra of the groups show a dominance of therophytes. As for phytogeographic spectra, they show a dominance of paleotropical species. This site has a floristic potential to pre-release the individuals of ostrich.Keywords: Struthio camelus camelus, phytosociology, productivity, reintroduction, Koutous, Niger.

scholarly journals Ecology-faunistic analysis of blackflies (DIPTERA, SIMULIIDAE) of hydrobiocenesis on the north-eastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
A. Tepliuk ◽  
T. Tepliuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
North Eastern

It has been installed that the species richness of the blackflies of the north-eastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians counts 38 species of 2 genera: Prosimulium Roubaud, 1906 (2 species) and Simulium Latreille, 1802 (36 species). 20 species develop in the streams (Simpson's species diversity index (Іs) equals to 0,22), and 26 species develop in the rivers (Іs – 0,10). There are 8 common species of Simuliidae for both types of watercourses (similarity index by Czekanowski/Sørensen (І) is 0,26). 12 species of blackflies develop only in the streams, and 18 species develop only in the rivers. S. trifasciatum Curtis, 1839, S. reptanoides Carlsson, 1962, S. ornatum Meigen, 1818 and S. intermedium Roubaud, 1906 dominate in the hydrobiocenoses of the north-eastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians. S. trifasciatum and S. ornatum are widespread. It has been discovered that Simuliidae fauna of main altitudinal zonal plant groups of the region differs in composition and quantitative correlation of species. S. intermedium, S. ornatum, S. reptans Linnaeus, 1758 and S. trifasciatum are eurytopic. In the hydrobiocenoses of the district of beech forests has been registered 31 species (Is – 0.09), and in the watercourses of the district of spruce mountain Carpathian forests has been registered 24 species (Is – 0.18). It has been found out that with the decrease of height in the district of the beech forests, the value of Simpson's species diversity index decreases from 0.16 (20 species) in the subdistrict of the dark-coniferous-beech watershed forests to 0.11 (21 species) in the subdistrict of fir-beech and beech-fir precarpathian forests.

scholarly journals Diversité Inter Décennale De La Végétation De La Vallée De Goulbi N’Kaba

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Mahaman Hamissou Illo Souley ◽  
Karim Saley ◽  
Issa Chaibou ◽  
Boubacar M. Moussa ◽  
Ali Mahamane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Ascending Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Mixed Fields ◽  
Multi Dimensional Scaling

The present study is conducted in the Sylvo-Pastoral Zone (ZSP) of the Goulbi N'Kaba Valley and the agricultural zone (fields on adjacent terraces), in the southern center of Niger. The objective of the study is to evaluate the inter-decennial plant biodiversity (2004-2014). Thus, the phytosociological surveys (Daget and Poissonet, 1971) were carried out in plots of 2500 m², along the 6.5 km transects following stratified sampling. An ascending hierarchical classification, followed by an ordination by Nonmetric Multi-dimensional Scaling (NMS) allowed to identify the plant groups. The diversity of each group was evaluated. The results show that the families of Poaceae and Fabaceae are the most abundant in 2004 (15.58% and 11.69%) and in 2014 (18.75% and 7.29%). However, compared to the genera, Indigofera (10.53%), Cassia (6.58%), Acacia (5.26%), Aristida (5.26%) are the most abundant in 2004, while Aristida (4 , 17%), Cassia (4.17%), Spermacoce (3.13%), in 2014. Three groups (mixed, fields, ZSP) have been identified. The 2004 and 2014 index, of Margalef (18,38 and 11,28), Menhinick (2,55 and 1,52), Shannon-Weaver (4,77 and 4,14), the fairness of Pielou (0, 66 and 0.63), the Simpson index (0.89 and 0.91) and Hill (0.95 and 0.93) are high in all the groups, mixed, fields and ZSP (respectively for G1, G2 and G3). But the beta diversity (Whittaker (24), Jaccard (0.52), Sorensen (0.69) index) for each of these groupings remains low. There was no significant change in inter-decennial diversity at the Guidan Tawayé and Korin Habdjia sites from 2004 to 2014.

scholarly journals Diversité floristique et structure démographique des peuplements ligneux des parcours naturels sahéliens du Sud-Est du Niger : Cas de l’enclave pastorale « Dadaria » (Mainé-Soroa, Diffa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 06-721
Author(s):  
Issoufa Idrissa ◽  
Boubé Morou ◽  
Hamidou Abdourhamane ◽  
Saley Karim ◽  
Taffa Abdourhamane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Acacia Senegal

L’enclave pastorale de Dadaria située dans le département de Mainé-Soroa est devenue une zone de concentration d’animaux locaux et transhumants durant toute l’année. La présente étude vise à caractériser la diversité floristique et la structure démographique des groupements ligneux cette enclave. Les données floristiques et dendrométriques ont été collectées dans 53 placettes de 2500 m² et la régénération a été appréciée dans des placeaux de 25 m². Les résultats montrent une flore ligneuse très pauvre avec 10 espèces réparties dans 7 familles. Les familles les plus représentées sont les Mimosaceae (30%) et les Asclepiadaceae (20%). La classification hiérarchique ascendante (CHA) a permis de discriminer quatre groupements ligneux notamment le groupement à Calotropis procera et Ziziphus mauritiana, le groupement à Balanites aegyptiaca et Acacia senegal, le groupement à Leptadenia pyrotechnica et Salvadora persica et le groupement à Acacia tortilis et Maerua crassifolia. La densité moyenne des adultes varie selon les groupements ligneux de 10 à 35 individus/ha et celle de la régénération de 45 à 64 individus/ha selon les groupements. Les structures en diamètre et hauteur montrent une concentration des individus des premières classes sur l’ensemble des peuplements. Dans les perspectives d’une réhabilitation et d’une gestion durable des écosystèmes pastoraux, cette étude apporte des informations complémentaires sur l’état actuel des peuplements ligneux de Dadaria.Mots clés : Formation pastorale, diversité floristique, densité, régénération naturelle   English Title: Floristic richness and demographic structure of the woody populations of the natural sahelian routes of South-East Niger: Case of the pastoral enclave "Dadaria" (Mainé-soroa, Diffa)The pastoral enclave of Dadaria located in the department of Mainé-Soroa became an area of concentration of local and transhumant animals throughout the year. The study aims to characterize the floristic diversity and the demographic structure of the woody groups in this enclave. Floristic and dendrometric data were collected in 53 plots of 2500 m² and regeneration was assessed in 25 m² plots. The results show a very poor woody flora with 10 species distributed in 7 families. The most represented families are the Mimosaceae (30%) and the Asclepiadaceae (20%). The ascending hierarchical classification (CHA) discriminate four woody groups namely: the grouping with Calotropis procera and Ziziphus mauritiana, the grouping with Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia Senegal, the grouping with Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Salvadora persica and the grouping with Acacia tortilis and Maerua crassifolia. The average density of adults varies according to the woody groups from 10 to 35 individuals / ha and that of regeneration from 45 to 64 individuals / ha depending to the groups. The diameter and height structures show a tree concentration of the first classes on all of the groupings. With a view of a future rehabilitation and sustainable management of pastoral ecosystems, this study provides additional information on the current state of the woody stands of Dadaria.Keywords: Pastoral training, floristic diversity, density, natural regeneration.

scholarly journals Ethnozoological Knowledge and Local Perceptions about the Reintroduction of the North African Ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus Linnaeus, 1858) in the Koutous, Niger

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Maïmounatou Ibrahim Mamadou ◽  
Abdoulaye Harouna ◽  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Marie Petretto ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
North African ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The North

The North African Ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus), also known as the red-necked ostrich, disappeared from Niger 15 years ago but preliminary work completed in 2011 has shown that the species has not vanished from the collective memory in the Koutous. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, this study combines the results of questionnaire surveys and local market monitoring conducted between October 2017 and January 2020, in order to document the ethnozoological knowledge of the communities living in the surroundings of the ostrich breeding centre of Kellé (Zinder). It fits within the wider framework of the species reintroduction program. A total of 120 people were interviewed individually to evaluate their knowledge about the species and their opinion about its possible return in the Koutous. The results emphasized that the ostriches were mainly sources of food (meat or eggs) and traditional medicines (topical pain killers), and to a lesser extent, of ornament objects. Additionally, wildlife products trade still occurs in three of the four weekly markets monitored and one stallholder still had an ostrich bone to sell. Entailing either animal hunting or disturbance, these uses could represent limiting factors to the re-establishment of wild populations. No mention was made of cultural, natural or religious heritage or source of incomes, suggesting the value was limited to subsistence. However, with eight usable products listed, the value of a single animal is relatively high since it can fulfil various demands. Most of the interviewees had limited knowledge about the species’ ecology but they anticipated a lack of suitable habitat. No other cause than lack of water (low rainfall, climate change, desertification...), habitat encroachment by human activities (urbanisation and agriculture) and hunting was thought to have caused the extinction. Habitat restoration was indeed the most-cited prerequisite for successful restoration of wild populations; however the need to ensure the animals’ security (fences, patrols, regulations, anti-poaching campaigns...) was also put forward. The confidence rate in the reintroduction initiatives was mitigated: none of the people interviewed was confident it would be a success in the current context but 56.66% of them were optimistic if preliminary requirements are met. The interpretation of the answers to the open-ended questions suggests underlying risks of illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict but the request for public awareness campaigns and regulations gives hope for the return of free-ranging North-African ostriches in the future. This study provides key baseline data about the local communities’ perception of ostrich conservation and key elements in a Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) approach (also known as “Méthode Active de Recherche et Planification Participative” - MARP) in any conservation project. In particular, this work will contribute to the development of feasibility plan for future North African ostrich reintroduction in the Koutous.

scholarly journals Structure of the Woody Stands of the Future Pre-Release Site of North African Ostrich (Struthiocameluscamelus(Linnaeus, 1858)) in Koutous, Niger

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Maïmounatou Ibrahim Mamadou ◽  
Maman Kamal Abdou Habou ◽  
Thomas Rabeil ◽  
Habou Rabiou ◽  
Marie Petretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Site ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
North African ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Value Index

This study aims to investigate the composition and Important Value Index (IVI) of the woody stands of Tchillala, a 130-ha area selected for future North-African ostriches (Struthiocameluscamelus) prerelease in the Koutous region in Niger. The forest inventory method was implemented in 42 plots of 50 m x 20 m (1000 m²) for tree-level observation, using stratified random sampling. For each woody specimen, the trunk diameter, total height and crown diameter have been recorded; thespecimens with a trunk diameter smaller than 5 cm are considered as regenerations. A total of 17 woody species distributed across 10 families have been identified and most of them belongs either to the Mimosaceae (4 species) or the Tiliaceae (3 species). The plants density, domination and frequency were used to determine the IVI: Acacia tortilis and Balanitesaegyptiaca are the species with the highest IVI(118.43 and 88.28 respectively). The woody plants condition assessment has emphasized that trees have been facing natural (uprooting) and anthropogenic (cutting, pruning) threats. Consequently, the diameter class structures within the whole woody species community of Tchilala, as well as of the Acacia tortilis and Balanitesaegyptiaca, are mainly small size trees. The results of this study inform silvicultural management actions that would benefit to the North-African ostrich’establishment in Tchilala and the data collected are considered as possible indicators for long-term monitoring of habitat.

Skeletochronology and mark–recapture assessments of growth in the North African agamid lizard (Agama impalearis)

1999 ◽  
Vol 249 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
El Hassan El Mouden ◽  
Mohammed Znari ◽  
Richard P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
North African ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Agamid Lizard ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Defatted Hydroethanolic Extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu Seeds: Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9147
Author(s):  
Imane Es-Safi ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Amal Amaghnouje ◽  
Anna Calarco ◽  
Smahane Boukhira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
North African ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu have been used in the North African Sahara as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the defatted hydroethanolic extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (DHEAM). The antidiabetic and the antihyperglycemic studies were assessed on alloxan-induced diabetic with orally administered doses of DHEAM (100 and 200 mg/kg). At the same time, its anti-inflammatory propriety was evaluated by measuring edema development in the Wistar rats paw induced with carrageenan. Treatment of diabetic mice with DHEAM for four weeks managed their high fasting blood glucose levels, improved their overall health, and also revealed an excellent antihyperglycemic activity. Following the anti-inflammatory results, DHEAM exhibited a perfect activity. HPLC results revealed the presence of seven molecules (chlorogenic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin). This work indicates that the DHEAM has an important antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effect that can be well established as a phytomedicine to treat diabetes.

scholarly journals Influence of Land Use on Avian Diversity in North African Urban Environments

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Hani Amir Aouissi ◽  
Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor ◽  
Mostefa Ababsa ◽  
Maria Boştenaru-Dan ◽  
Mahmoud Tourki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
North African ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Urban Green Spaces

Land cover and use changes are important to study for their impact on ecosystem services and ultimately on sustainability. In urban environments, a particularly important research question addresses the relationship between urbanization-related changes and biodiversity, subject to controversies in the literature. Birds are an important ecological group, and useful for answering this question. The present study builds upon the hypothesis according to which avian diversity decreases with urbanization. In order to answer it, a sample of 4245 observations from 650 sites in Annaba, Algeria, obtained through the point abundance index method, were investigated by computing Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and the species richness, mapping them, and analyzing the results statistically. The findings confirm the study hypothesis and are relevant for planning, as they stress the role of urban green spaces as biodiversity hotspots, and plead for the need of connecting them. From a planning perspective, the results emphasize the need for interconnecting the green infrastructure through avian corridors. Moreover, the results fill in an important lack of data on the biodiversity of the region, and are relevant for other similar Mediterranean areas. Future studies could use the findings to compare with data from other countries and continents.

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