scholarly journals Prévalence du Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) dans la zone de Ntoum au Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-749
Author(s):  
Jean Alban Ondh-Obame ◽  
Auguste Ndoutoume Ndong ◽  
Pamphile Nguema Ndoutoumou ◽  
Priscilla Chancia Mindze Assembe ◽  
Ignace Davy Mendoume Minko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Visual Symptom ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Pentalonia Nigronervosa

Le Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) est la maladie virale la plus dévastatrice du bananier impactant considérablement sa production. Le BBTD a été signalé au Gabon pour la première fois par la FAO avec une prévalence de plus de 90%. La présente étude vise à déterminer la prévalence du BBTD, la sévérité et l’importance du vecteur dans la zone de Ntoum. Après une enquête, 1800 pieds de bananiers dans 6 foyers d’infestation, ont été examinés de façon aléatoire avec un système de notation randomisé en transect croisé X. La méthode d’enquête par observation visuelle des symptômes du BBTD avec une échelle de notation de 1 à 5 a été utilisée. Les foyers d’infestation retenus présentent une sévérité de la maladie avancée avec le symptôme visuel de niveau 5 prépondérant et une prévalence moyenne de 21%. Le vecteur, Pentalonia nigronervosa est un insecte présent dans la zone mais à des niveaux d’importance variable. Il serait souhaitable d’évaluer la résistance variétale des Musa spp. et de montrer l’influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la propagation de la maladie.Mots clés : Bananier, Pentalonia nigronervosa, foyers d’infestation, sévérité, importance du vecteur.   English Title: Prevalence of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) in the Ntoum area in Gabon Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) is the banana's most devastating viral disease, with a significant impact on its production. BBTD was first reported in Gabon by FAO with a prevalence of more than 90%. This study aims to determine the prevalence of BBTD, the severity and importance of the vector in the Ntoum area. After a survey, 1800 feet of banana trees in 6 outbreaks, were examined randomly with a randomized scoring system in transect crossed X. The method of visual observation of BBTD symptoms with a rating scale of 1 to 5 was used. The selected outbreaks have an advanced disease severity with the predominant level 5 visual symptom and an average prevalence of 21%. The vector, Pentalonia nigronervosa is an insect present in the area but at varying levels. It would be desirable to assess the varietal resistance of Musa spp. and to show the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the spread of the disease.Keywords: Banana, Pentalonia nigronervosa, source of infestation, severity, importance of vector.

scholarly journals Objectifying the Assessment of Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0046
Author(s):  
Michael Strauss ◽  
Wendy Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
Activity Scale

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Pain is a pervasive problem that accounts for a high percentage of referrals to health care providers including foot and ankle surgeons and is an important factor in narcotic addictions and their related deaths. Unfortunately, the analogue pain scores are determined by subjective (SUB) responses of the patient and fail to utilize objective criteria for making the assessments. In an attempt to resolve the subjectivity/objectivity concerns, we developed a scoring system that uses objective (OBJ) criteria based on three 0-to-10 scales. The measurements include the patients’ requirements for analgesics, how the pain affects their levels of activity and how it affects their thought processes. Methods: Over an 18 month period and as part of a physician pain management group’s initial assessment of their patients, the study group was asked to rate their pain using the three SUB scales (Numerical Rating Scale, Visual Analogue Scale and Verbal Rating Scale) as well as our three OBJ scales. Each of our three OBJ (analgesics, activities and thought processes) scales used precise terms to quantify the numerical value for the scale. For example, the analgesics requirement ranged from no drug (0-points) to requirement for hospitalization for pain management (10-points). The activity scale ranged from no limitations (0-points) to pain noticed only with activity (4-points) to total limitation of activities (10-points). Analogous objective criteria were used for the third scale, how pain affects thought processes. Data analysis included patients’ responses to the objective pain measurements as well as correlations between OBJ and SUB evaluation scoring systems. Results: Data was collected prospectively on 109 patients. The mean scores (summation of the3 SUB pain scales divided by 3 and doing likewise for the OBJ pain scales was significantly higher for the SUB scores (6.4 vs. 4.2, p < 0.001). The lowest correlations between the SUB scores and each OBJ scale was with analgesic use (r = .36 vs. r’s = .53 for the other 2 OBJ scales). In general patients who scored highest on the SUB scores, preferred them to the OBJ measurements. Differences between the scores on the OBJ activity scale versus the OBJ thought processes scale helped distinguish pain of central versus peripheral origins. Ninety percent of patients completed the SUB plus OBJ scoring in less than 3 minutes. Conclusion: Our OBJ Pain Score helped differentiate those patients who magnified their pain symptom from those who did not. Patients with higher scores on the thought processes scale would appear to be best managed by central nervous system acting drugs. Conversely those with higher OBJ activity scores would likely respond to peripheral acting agents such as non-steroidal analgesics, local injections or analgesic patches. In summary, our scoring system moves the evaluation of pain from subjective to objective. This has important ramifications for pain management, analgesic selection and avoidance of narcotic dependency.

Predictors of Early Death Risk in Older Patients Treated With First-Line Chemotherapy for Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 1829-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Soubeyran ◽  
Marianne Fonck ◽  
Christèle Blanc-Bisson ◽  
Jean-Frédéric Blanc ◽  
Joël Ceccaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Early Death ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

Purpose Objective factors for making choices about the treatment of elderly patients with cancer are lacking. This investigation aimed to help physicians select appropriate treatments through the identification of factors that predict early death (< 6 months) after initiation of chemotherapy treatment. Patients and Methods Previously untreated patients greater than 70 years of age who were scheduled for first-line chemotherapy for various types of cancer were included. Baseline abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA), including the Mini-Mental State Exam, Timed Get Up and Go (GUG), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities in Daily Living (IADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15), and comorbidities index (Cumulative Index Rating Scale-Geriatric), was carried out. Prognostic factors of early death were sought from aCGA results and traditional oncology measures. Results A total of 348 patients were included across 12 centers in Southwest France (median age, 77.45 years; ratio of men to women, 1.47; advanced disease, 65%). Abnormal aCGA scores were observed for 18.1% of patients on the ADL, 73.0% of patients on the IADL, 24.1% of patients on the GUG, 19.0% of patients on the MMS, 44.0% of patients on the GDS15, and 64.9% of patients on the MNA. Advanced disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% CI, [1.58 to 9.73]), a low MNA score (OR 2.77; 95% CI, [1.24 to 6.18]), male sex (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, [1.2 to 4.82]), and long GUG (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, [1.32 to 4.94] were associated with higher risk of early death. Conclusion In patients greater than 70 years of age with cancer, advanced disease, a low MNA score, and poor mobility predicted early death. We recommend that the MNA and GUG, performed by a trained nurse, be maintained as part of routine pretreatment workup in these patients to identify at-risk patients and to inform the decision-making process for chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Genome sequence of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its symbionts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Mathers ◽  
Sam T. Mugford ◽  
Saskia A. Hogenhout ◽  
Leena Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Library ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Pentalonia Nigronervosa

AbstractThe banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of cultivated bananas (Musa spp., order Zingiberales), primarily due to its role as a vector of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), the most severe viral disease of banana worldwide. Here, we generated a highly complete genome assembly of P. nigronervosa using a single PCR-free Illumina sequencing library. Using the same sequence data, we also generated complete genome assemblies of the P. nigronervosa symbiotic bacteria Buchnera aphidicola and Wolbachia. To improve our initial assembly of P. nigronervos a we developed a k-mer based deduplication pipeline to remove genomic scaffolds derived from the assembly of haplotigs (allelic variants assembled as separate scaffolds). To demonstrate the usefulness of this pipeline, we applied it to the recently generated assembly of the aphid Myzus cerasi, reducing the duplication of conserved BUSCO genes by 25%. Phylogenomic analysis of P. nigronervos a, our improved M. cerasi assembly, and seven previously published aphid genomes, spanning three aphid tribes and two subfamilies, reveals that P. nigronervos a falls within the tribe Macrosiphini, but is an outgroup to other Macrosiphini sequenced so far. As such, the genomic resources reported here will be useful for understanding both the evolution of Macrosphini and for the study of P. nigronervosa. Furthermore, our approach using low cost, high-quality, Illumina short-reads to generate complete genome assemblies of understudied aphid species will help to fill in genomic black spots in the diverse aphid tree of life.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MADU TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI DISMENORE DAN KUALITAS HIDUP MAHASISWI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Nurfitri - Bustamam ◽  
Cut - Fauziah ◽  
Meiskha - Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Numeric Rating

Latar belakang: Prevalensi dismenore diperkirakan berkisar antara 45–95 persen dan 10–25 persen diantaranya merupakan dismenore primer berat. Dismenore dapat menimbulkan sejumlah masalah, antara lain limitasi aktivitas, penurunan prestasi akademik, dan kesulitan tidur. Saat ini, terdapat kecenderungan penggunaan herbal dan pengobatan alternatif untuk mengatasi dismenore primer. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh madu terhadap tingkat nyeri dismenore dan kualitas hidup mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta (FKUPNVJ). Metode: Penelitian menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Sebanyak 30 subjek yang ditentukan dengan consecutive sampling  diminta minum madu sebanyak dua sendok makan yang dimulai dari dua hari sebelum menstruasi hingga hari ketiga menstruasi. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner, Numeric Rating Scale, Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System, dan Brief Pain Inventory. Hasil: Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan madu dapat menurunkan intensitas nyeri (p = 0,000) dan grade dismenore (p = 0,001). Selain mengurangi derajat nyeri, madu dapat mengurangi lama waktu nyeri menstruasi dari 2 hari menjadi 1 hari (p = 0,001). Hasil uji Wilcoxon juga menunjukkan madu dapat mengurangi gangguan dismenore terhadap aktivitas secara umum, suasana hati, kemampuan berjalan, pekerjaan, hubungan dengan orang lain, tidur, dan menikmati hidup (p ≤ 0,001). Kesimpulan: madu dapat menurunkan tingkat nyeri dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup mahasiswi FKUPNVJ dengan dismenore primer.  Kata kunci: dismenore primer, kualitas hidup, madu, mahasiswi

scholarly journals Evaluating a Diagnostic Ankle Arthroscopy Scoring System to Assess Competency in Orthopaedic Trainees

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0023
Author(s):  
Jeremiah D. Johnson ◽  
Brian Schmidtberg ◽  
Christopher Cheng ◽  
Mark Cote ◽  
Lauren Geaney
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Ankle Arthroscopy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Objective Model ◽  
Junior Residents

Category: Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: While there has been an increasing emphasis on assessing resident competency, little has been published on how to best evaluate competency for ankle arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to design and validate an objective model for assessing basic ankle arthroscopy knowledge and surgical skills on a cadaveric ankle. Methods: The Basic Ankle Arthroscopy Skills Scoring System was adapted from previously validated assessment tools for knee arthroscopy. The scoring system includes (1) an oral questionnaire (0-23 points), (2) a surgical task-specific checklist (0-19 points), and (3) a global surgical skills rating (12-60 points). Ten medical students and twenty-three residents participated. All participants performed a diagnostic ankle arthroscopy on a cadaveric ankle and were assessed by a single observer. Six participants were tested by two evaluators to determine inter-observer reliability. Results: There was strong correlation between educational level and scores on the global surgical skills rating scale (r=0.967, p<0.0001), task-specific checklist (r=0.815, p<0.815), and oral questionnaire (r=0.896, p<0.0001). The global surgical skills scores were significantly different over multiple trainee levels but most notably between post graduate year (PGY) 1 and 2 (p<0.01) and between PGY 2 and 3 (p<0.05) [Figure 1a]. Oral questionnaire and task-specific checklists were significantly lower for medical students than PGY1 residents (p<0.001) [Figure 1b-c]. There was significant improvement in the oral questionnaire between senior and junior residents (p<0.05). There was a moderate correlation between number of ankle arthroscopy cases and scores on the global surgical skills score (r=0.7019, p<0.0001). Inter-observer reliability was high for the global surgical skills scores (ICC=0.89). Conclusion: The Basic Ankle Arthroscopy Skills Scoring System is a valid measure to objectively assess trainees’ ankle arthroscopy clinical knowledge and surgical skills in a bioskills laboratory. This tool will allow residency programs to evaluate competency and track individual progress over time.

Development of a novel scoring system based on endoscopic appearance for management of rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luohai Chen ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Endoscopic Appearance ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Background The clinical significance of the endoscopic appearance of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is poorly understood. We aimed to develop a novel scoring system based on endoscopic appearances to predict endoscopically advanced disease in patients with rectal NETs when initially diagnosed. Methods Patients diagnosed with well-differentiated rectal NETs between January 2005 and December 2019 were retrospectively included. Logistic regression analyses were applied to study the relationship between endoscopic appearance and advanced disease. The whole dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets, which were used to develop and validate a novel scoring system, respectively. Results 309 patients were included. The endoscopic appearance of rectal NETs was significantly associated with advanced disease (P < 0.001). A novel scoring system was developed based on endoscopic appearance, including tumor size, tumor shape, and mucosal surface, using the training set. The area under curve (AUC) of the scoring system to predict advanced disease was 0.953 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.915 – 0.991; P < 0.001) and 0.960 (95 %CI 0.905 – 1.000; P < 0.001) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, the scoring system was significantly associated with tumor grade. Patients with high scores had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival than patients with low scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion This novel scoring system based on the endoscopic appearance of the primary tumor can help to accurately identify patients with endoscopically advanced disease who are not suitable for endoscopic resection. In addition, it is of great value in monitoring tumor recurrence and overall survival in patients with rectal NETs.

Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease

Gut ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Harrison ◽  
D Oliver ◽  
H L Arnold ◽  
S Gogia ◽  
B A Neuschwander-Tetri
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Development And Validation

Quality and usability of clinical assessments of static standing and sitting posture: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kees H. Woldendorp ◽  
Jonas F.E. Kleinbergen ◽  
Anne M. Boonstra ◽  
Antoine W. de Schipper ◽  
J. Hans Arendzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Observation Method

BACKGROUND: A validated method to assess sitting and standing posture in a clinical setting is needed to guide diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of these postures. At present, no systematic overview of assessment methods, their clinimetric properties, and usability is available. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide such an overview and to interpret the results for clinical practice. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed according to international guidelines. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias, clinimetric values of the assessment methods, and their usability. Quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group (GRADE). RESULTS: Out of 27,680 records, 41 eligible studies were included. Thirty-two assessment instruments were identified, clustered into five categories. The methodological quality of 27 (66%) of the articles was moderate to good. Reliability was most frequently studied. Little information was found about validity and none about responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a moderate level of evidence, a tentative recommendation can be made to use a direct visual observation method with global posture recorded by a trained observer applying a rating scale.

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