scholarly journals Antifungal effect of the cumulative application of biostimulant and fertilizers on young cocoa fruits rot at Tafissou site, Centre-East of Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2965-2979
Author(s):  
Franck Zokou Oro ◽  
Hermann-Desiré Lallie ◽  
Souleymane Silue ◽  
Kouakou Manassé N’Dri ◽  
Hortense Atta Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Treatment Site ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Test Tree ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Better Than

The use of biostimulants as an alternative way to chemical, often toxic, remains one of the best approaches to control cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora spp. This study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of biostimulant’s applications number and the cumulative action in case of applying previously fertilizers. The experimental design consisted of a Fischer block with six treatments (T01, T02, T1, T2, T3 and T4) and repeated three times. This design was replicated on two sites, one with previous fertilizer (DAE) and the other without previous fertilizer (DSE). Observations were made monthly on each test tree. The biostimulant Banzai was applied for 3 or 4 consecutive months depending on the treatment at each site. The data collected included the total number of cherelles produced and the number of rotten cherelles. From these, data were deduced the rates of healthy cherelles on which the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare treatments between them and between sites. The results showed that four applications of the biostimulant with fertilizer provided better control than three applications without fertilizer. The results also showed that the majority of treatments at the DAE site were more effective than treatments at the DSE site. In conclusion, four applications Banzai coupled with fertilizer have achieved the best rates of healthy cherelles whatever the site. Regarding the cumulative effect of the previous fertilizer with Banzai, treatments of the site with the previous fertilizer were still better than the treatment site without fertilizer.

Comparaison de l’effet du biostimulant Banzaï et de l’engrais sur la pourriture des cabosses du cacaoyer dans le département de Toumodi, Centre-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7822-7838
Author(s):  
Franck Zokou Oro ◽  
Hermann-Desiré Lallié ◽  
Souleymane Silué ◽  
Dominique Sanouidi ◽  
Hortense Atta Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease

L’objectif général de cette étude était de comparer l’effet du biostimulant Banzaï et de l’engrais (SUPERCAO et le précédent engrais) sur la pourriture des cabosses. De manière plus spécifique, il s’agissait d’une part d’évaluer l’effet du nombre d’applications du biostimulant Banzaï et d’autre part évaluer l’effet cumulé du précédent engrais et de Banzaï. L’expérimentation a été conduite à N’Gouamoinkro dans le département de Toumodi. Le dispositif est constitué d’un bloc de Fischer avec six traitements répétés trois fois et contenant chacun 20 cacaoyers tests. Ce dispositif a été reproduit sur deux sites dont l’un avec précédent engrais (DAE) et l’autre sans précédent engrais (DSE). Le biostimulant Banzaï a été appliqué pendant trois ou quatre mois consécutifs en fonction du traitement sur chaque site. L’engrais SUPERCAO a été appliqué deux fois au cours de l’expérimentation. Les données collectées ont porté sur le nombre total de cabosses produites et le nombre de cabosses pourries. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que sur les deux sites (DAE et DSE), les parcelles traitées avec le biostimulant Banzaï ont eu un meilleur contrôle de la pourriture des cabosses que les parcelles témoins. Sur le site du DAE, le contrôle de la pourriture des cabosses a été indépendant du nombre d’application du biostimulant Banzaï et de l’apport d’engrais. Sur le site sans précédent engrais (DSE), les trois applications du biostimulant Banzaï combiné à l’engrais SUPERCAO a eu un meilleur effet de contrôle que les trois applications de Banzaï sans engrais. L’effet cumulé du précédent engrais, et du biostimulant Banzaï, n’a pas eu d’impact positif sur le contrôle de la pourriture des cabosses. Oro et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (1): 7822-7838 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-1.6 7823 Comparison of the effect of the biostimulant Banzaï and the fertilizer on Black pods disease in the department of Toumodi, Center-East of the Ivory Coast ABSTRACT The overall objective of this study was to compare the effect of the biostimulant Banzaï and the fertilizer (SUPERCAO and previous fertilizer) on black pod disease. More specifically, it involved evaluating the effect of the number of applications of the biostimulant Banzaï and, evaluating the cumulative effect of fertilizer and Banzaï. The experiment was carried out at N’Gouamoinkro in the department of Toumodi. The device consists of a Fischer block with six treatments repeated three times and each containing 20 test cocoa trees. This device was reproduced on two sites, one with previous fertilizer (DAE) and the other without previous fertilizer (DSE). The biostimulant Banzaï was applied for three or four consecutive months depending on the treatment at each site. The SUPERCAO fertilizer was applied twice during the experiment. The data collected related to the total number of pods produced and the number of rotten pods. The results showed that on the two sites (DAE and DSE), the plots treated with the biostimulant Banzaï had better control black pod disease than the control plots. On the DAE site, the black pod disease control was independent of the number of applications of the biostimulant Banzaï and the fertilizer supply. On the DSE site, the three applications of Banzaï biostimulant combined with SUPERCAO fertilizer had a better control effect than the three applications of Banzaï without fertilizer. The cumulative effect of the previous fertilizer, and the biostimulant Banzaï, had no positive impact on the control of black pod disease.

The influence of Dolichoderus thoracicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on losses due to Helopeltis theivora (Heteroptera: Miridae), black pod disease, and mammalian pests in cocoa in Malaysia

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Khoo ◽  
C.T. Ho
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Helopeltis Theivora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Other Regarding

AbstractThe influence of the black cocoa ant Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) on losses due to the mirid Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, black pod disease (caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Peronosporales)) and mammalian pests (rats, squirrels and civet cats) was studied over a two-year period in two separate fields of cocoa. Both fields initially had high D. thoracicus activity. In each field, ant-scarce plots were created by treating these plots with insecticides; ant-abundant plots existed where the plots were left untreated. An abundance of D. thoracicus clearly had a negative effect on numbers of mirids, with respectively 380 and 2222% more nymphs and adults being recorded in the ant-scarce than in the ant-abundant plots over the two-year period. An abundance of D. thoracicus did not increase black pod incidence: on the contrary it reduced incidence of the disease in both fields. The number of rat-damaged pods in ant-scarce plots was significantly higher than in ant-abundant plots in one of the fields but no significant difference was detected in the other. Regarding number of pods lost to squirrels and civet cats, no significant difference between ant-scarce and ant-abundant plots was obtained for both fields; the losses to either of these mammalian pests were extremely low. The number of healthy ripe pods in ant-abundant plots was 40.4 and 32.1% higher than in ant-scarce plots in the two fields, these increases being ascribed to protection from H. theivora damage by D. thoracicus.

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytophthora spp. and application of rhizobacteria with biocontrol potential in black pod disease in Theobroma cacao variety CCN-51

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Fernando Romero Meza ◽  
Javier Andrés Auhing Arcos ◽  
Antonio Francisco Mendoza León ◽  
Fernando Abasolo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

scholarly journals ETAPOD: A forecast model for prediction of black pod disease Outbreak in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mudiaga Etaware ◽  
Adegboyega R. Adedeji ◽  
Oyedeji I Osowole ◽  
Adegboyega C. Odebode ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Control Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

The misuse of toxic fungicides by indigenous cocoa farmers in Nigeria stem from their inability to predict the time for black pod disease (BPD) outbreak. Prediction of possible time for BPD outbreak will provide spotlight on areas under massive BPD invasion, minimise fungicide misuse and increase control accuracy. The Multiple Regression Model (MRM): Y=α+β1X1+β2X2+…+βnXn where Y is Nx1 matrix of response variable, X1,X2,…Xn are NxK matrices of regressors, and β1,β2,…βn regression coefficients was used in model development. Eight models (MRM1-MRM8) were fitted from real life BPD data. The performances of the models were ascertained using SER, RMSEpred and R-SqAdj. Prediction(s) made by the best fitted model was compared to real life observations (Monthly BPD Occurrence (MBO), Total Annual Occurrence (TAO), and Average Annual Occurrence (AAO), respectively). The preferred model was MRM5 (ETAPOD) followed by MRM4, MRM1, MRM2, and MRM3 in terms of SER (0.22, 0.39, 0.45, 0.45 and 0.45), RMSEpred.(0.30, 039, 0.46, 0.46 and 0.46) and R-SqAdj.(0.67, 0.49, 0.32, 0.32, and 0.31), respectively. Predictions on BPD outbreak made by ETAPOD showed that MBO, TAO and AAO for some selected stations i.e. ?wenà and Wáàsimi were 9.05, 72.3 and 6.0% compared with observed BPD values of 9.5, 70.0, and 5.8%, respectively. Adaàgbà, Iyánf?w?r?gi, and Owódé-Igàngán had 9.43, 77.8, and 6.5% as their predicted BPD values compared with the observed values of 9.0, 53.5, and 4.46%, respectively. ETAPOD performed better than other models and its predicted values were within the range of real life occurrence.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

Performance of two combine harvester header in soybean crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. M. Samogim ◽  
T. C. Oliveira ◽  
Z. N. Figueiredo ◽  
J. M. B. Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

The combine harvest for soybean crops market are currently available two types of combine with header or platform, one of conventional with revolving reel with metal or plastic teeth to cause the cut crop to fall into the auger header and the other called "draper" headers that use a fabric or rubber apron instead of a cross auger, there are few test about performance of this combine header for soybean in Mato Grosso State. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean harvesting quantitative losses and performance using two types combine header in four travel speed. The experiment was conducted during soybean crops season 2014/15, the farm Tamboril in the municipality of Pontes e Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso. The was used the experimental design of randomized blocks, evaluating four forward harvesting speeds (4 km h-1, 5 km h-1, 6 km h-1 and 7 km h-1), the natural crops losses were analyzed, loss caused by the combine harvester (combine header, internal mechanisms and total losses) and was also estimated the  field performance of each combine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compared of the average by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results show the draper header presents a smaller amount of total loss and in most crop yield when compared with the conventional cross auger.

Temperature Effects during Endodormancy Induction on Subsequent Anthesis and Growth of Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452c-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schuyler D. Seeley ◽  
Raymundo Rojas-Martinez ◽  
James Frisby
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Better Than

Mature peach trees in pots were treated with nighttime temperatures of –3, 6, 12, and 18 °C for 16 h and a daytime temperature of 20 °C for 8 h until the leaves abscised in the colder treatments. The trees were then chilled at 6 °C for 40 to 70 days. Trees were removed from chilling at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days and placed in a 20 °C greenhouse under increasing daylength, spring conditions. Anthesis was faster and shoot length increased with longer chilling treatments. Trees exposed to –3 °C pretreatment flowered and grew best with 40 days of chilling. However, they did not flower faster or grow better than the other treatments with longer chilling times. There was no difference in flowering or growth between the 6 and 12 °C pretreatments. The 18 °C pretreatment resulted in slower flowering and very little growth after 40 and 50 days of chilling, but growth was comparable to other treatments after 70 days of chilling.

Nglyc: A Random Forest Method for Prediction of N-Glycosylation Sites in Eukaryotic Protein Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Pugalenthi ◽  
Varadharaju Nithya ◽  
Kuo-Chen Chou ◽  
Govindaraju Archunan
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eukaryotic Protein ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Better Than

Background: N-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational mechanisms in eukaryotes. N-glycosylation predominantly occurs in N-X-[S/T] sequon where X is any amino acid other than proline. However, not all N-X-[S/T] sequons in proteins are glycosylated. Therefore, accurate prediction of N-glycosylation sites is essential to understand Nglycosylation mechanism. Objective: In this article, our motivation is to develop a computational method to predict Nglycosylation sites in eukaryotic protein sequences. Methods: In this article, we report a random forest method, Nglyc, to predict N-glycosylation site from protein sequence, using 315 sequence features. The method was trained using a dataset of 600 N-glycosylation sites and 600 non-glycosylation sites and tested on the dataset containing 295 Nglycosylation sites and 253 non-glycosylation sites. Nglyc prediction was compared with NetNGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP methods. Further, the performance of Nglyc was evaluated using human and mouse N-glycosylation sites. Results: Nglyc method achieved an overall training accuracy of 0.8033 with all 315 features. Performance comparison with NetNGlyc, EnsembleGly and GPP methods shows that Nglyc performs better than the other methods with high sensitivity and specificity rate. Conclusion: Our method achieved an overall accuracy of 0.8248 with 0.8305 sensitivity and 0.8182 specificity. Comparison study shows that our method performs better than the other methods. Applicability and success of our method was further evaluated using human and mouse N-glycosylation sites. Nglyc method is freely available at https://github.com/bioinformaticsML/ Ngly.

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