scholarly journals Tree size comparison of some important street trees growing at different sites of Karachi City, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Amber Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Mohammad Athar ◽  
Zia-Urrehman Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Wide Range

The importance of trees in urban environment is now widely recognized as they cleanse the particulate air pollution and help to make cities and towns more agreeable places to dwell upon. A detailed survey was conducted to study the size of Alstonia scholaris, Azadirachta indica, Bombax ceiba, Cassia fistula, Eucalyptus sp., Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and Guaiacum officinale trees in the urban environment of Karachi, Pakistan. Results showed a wide range of variation in tree diameter breast height (17.12-65.50 cm) at M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. A. indica, Eucalyptus sp., and F. benghalensis showed less dbh (tree diameter breast height) at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square), North Nazimabad and Karachi University Campus, respectively. G. officinale growing at University Road (near Hassan Square) showed  ess tree dbh as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road and Karachi University campus. Similarly, the tree size of B. ceiba and A. scholaris was recorded less at Nazimabad as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. C. fistula growing at North Nazimabad site showed low tree dbh as compared to University Road (near Hassan Square) site. A. scholaris growing at Karachi University Campus site showed highest dbh value as compared to all studied sites. The tree size of G. officinale was recorded highest at M. A. Jinnah Road as compared to North Nazimabad, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. Whereas, Eucalyptus sp. and F. benghalensis recorded highest dbh at North Nazimabad site as compared to M. A. Jinnah Road, University Road (near Hassan Square) and Karachi University Campus, respectively. More research is needed on these trees for healthy environment of city. The present study recommends for the complete documentation of tree species growing in city. Such information will be useful to identify characteristics that can be used to select tree species that are better suited for planting on other areas of the city. These findings can be helpful for arboriculturists, environmental scientists and town planners when working on plantation in the selected area.Keywords: Circumference, diameter at breast height, size, roadside tree, urban environment, Pakistan

Estimating Breast Height Diameters from Stump Measurements in British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien P. Demaerschalk ◽  
Stephen A. Y. Omule
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Local Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Stump Diameter

A means of estimating tree diameter at breast height from stump measurements has many applications. In this paper, metric equations are derived for estimating diameters at breast height from measured stump heights for all commercial tree species in British Columbia by age class and biogeoclimatic zones. The model found best was the same one as used by Alemdag and Honer (1977) for eleven tree species from eastern and central Canada. This prediction system can be incorporated into any local volume equation to derive a tree volume prediction model based on stump diameter and stump height.

Biomass of jack pine and mixed hardwood stands in northeastern New Brunswick

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Fire Origin

Biomass accumulation in 12 jack pine and 11 mixed hardwood stands of fire origin ranging in age from 7 to 57 years is presented. Logarithmic equations relating aboveground tree, crown, and stem biomass to tree diameter at breast height are given for eight tree species.

Floristic Composition and Stand Structure of “Muyong” Systems in Banaue, Ifugao, Philippines

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DAMASA B. MAGCALE-MACANDOG ◽  
MILBEN A. BRAGAIS ◽  
LESTER P. MOJICA ◽  
KESHIA N. TINGSON ◽  
MA. BERNICE CARMELA B. LIQUIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species

Vegetation analysis of “muyong” was done to determine the species composition and diversity of tree species in Barangays (Brgy.) Amganad and Poitan. Trees growing within the established plots (10 m x 10 m) were identifiedand described. Tree diameter at breast height (DBH), merchantable height, totalheight, and diameter of the crown were measured. Brgy. Amganad has flat tosteep slopes and elevations ranging from 1120 to 1240 m above sea level (masl),with the “muyong” located at 1240 masl. On the other hand, Brgy. Poitan hasflat to steep configuration and elevations ranging from 990 to 1200 masl, withthe “muyong” found at 1200 masl. Vegetation was comprised of 67 speciesbelonging to 22 families. The tree species common in the dominant layers offorest stands in both barangays (local communities) were pine (Pinus kesiya),tabangawon/tabangawen (Weinmannia luzoniensis) and palayon (Lithocarpussubmonticolus). Height of dominant trees in Brgy. Amganad ranged from 14to 20 m while that in Brgy. Poitan ranged from 17 to 30 m. “Muyong” forest inBrgy. Poitan showed higher diversity compared with the “muyong” forest in Brgy.Amganad. However, the latter had higher species evenness value. In general,species diversity in the two barangays was not very dissimilar.Keywords: Biodiversity, indigenous tree species, muyong forest, descriptive design, tropical forest, Philippines

Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) Canker or Dieback in Trees

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Paez ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quercus Spp

Biscogniauxia canker or dieback (formerly called Hypoxylon canker or dieback) is a common contributor to poor health and decay in a wide range of tree species (Balbalian & Henn 2014). This disease is caused by several species of fungi in the genus Biscogniauxia (formerly Hypoxylon). B. atropunctata or B. mediterranea are usually the species found on Quercus spp. and other hosts in Florida, affecting trees growing in many different habitats, such as forests, parks, green spaces and urban areas (McBride & Appel, 2009).  Typically, species of Biscogniauxia are opportunistic pathogens that do not affect healthy and vigorous trees; some species are more virulent than others. However, once they infect trees under stress (water stress, root disease, soil compaction, construction damage etc.) they can quickly colonize the host. Once a tree is infected and fruiting structures of the fungus are evident, the tree is not likely to survive especially if the infection is in the tree's trunk (Anderson et al., 1995).

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

Guidelines for choosing volume equations in the presence of measurement error in height

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Williams ◽  
H T Schreuder
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Volume Equations

Assuming volume equations with multiplicative errors, we derive simple conditions for determining when measurement error in total height is large enough that only using tree diameter, rather than both diameter and height, is more reliable for predicting tree volumes. Based on data for different tree species of excurrent form, we conclude that measurement errors up to ±40% of the true height can be tolerated before inclusion of estimated height in volume prediction is no longer warranted.

scholarly journals PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY FOREST CHARACTERISTICS DESPITE FRAGMENTATION AND ISOLATION IN A FOREST REMNANT FROM VIÇOSA, MG, BRAZIL1

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
Biotic Resources

According to its owners, the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) from the Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, never has been logged and is therefore considered a primary forest. Nevertheless, the forest patch suffered impacts due to selective wood and non-timber extraction, fragmentation and isolation. Aim of this study was to test if the FSN, despite impacts, preserved characteristics of primary forests, which are elevated percentages of non-pioneer (>90%), animal-dispersed (>80 %), understory (>50%) and endemic species (~40%). For that, all trees with diameter at breast height equal or major than 3.2 cm within a plot of 100 x 100 m were identified. With 218 tree species found within this hectare, the FSN's species richness is outstanding for the region. The percentages of non-pioneer (92 %), animal-dispersed (85 %), understory (55 %) and endemic species (39.2 %) from the FSN fulfill the criteria proposed for primary forest. Therefore, we conclude that the FSN maintained its characteristics as a primary forest which highlights its importance for the conservation of biotic resources in the region, where similar fragments are lacking or not described yet.

A Review: Natural Fiber as Reinforcement in Waste Paper Recycling and its Processing Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K.A. Saferi ◽  
Y. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
The Right

As demand for clean and healthy environment, people make many alternate solutions to save the environment. To save trees and overcome landfill of waste material and waste disposal by burning activities issues (cause to losing energy and increase pollution), people nowadays take recycling as a recovery. Recycling waste paper into new product increased over the years. Shortage of wood supply required new sources of natural fiber for papermaking industry. Many researchers have studied new sources of natural fibers from non wood materials, such as oil palm residues, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus), pineapple leaf, banana, and coconut fiber. Kenaf is choose as reinforcement agent for recycled waste paper to maximize the use of kenaf in industry application due its wide range of advantages where pineapple leaf are choose as reinforcement agent because abundantly of these material in Malaysia. Reinforcement of natural fiber into waste paper during recycling process expected to increased strength properties of final product. To understand the right and suitable processing method for kenaf fiber and pineapple leaf leaves previous work from other researchers are studied to investigate pulping procedure of natural fiber and its effect on mechanical strength.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERING OF FORESTAL SPECIES IN THE SOUTH WESTERN AMAZONIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090
Author(s):  
Elias Lourenço Vasconcelos Neto ◽  
Celso Azevedo ◽  
Luciano Ribas ◽  
Marcus Neves d'Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
Cumulative Frequency Distribution ◽  
Functional Clustering ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Species Grouping

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to perform ecological and functional clustering of tree species in southwestern Amazon. Developed from data from 95 permanent plots of 1 ha each, all individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm were measured. The species grouping was performed in three stages: (1) cluster analysis, using the variables: diameter annual periodic increment -(IPADAP) considering three competition levels (high, medium and low) and the 95th percentile of the diameters (P95) cumulative frequency distribution (Ward hierarchical method); (2) Discriminant analysis, using the variables P95 and IPADAP by Fisher's method and (3) subjective stage, considering the species ecological characteristics. The Ward and Fisher methods used for discriminant and cluster analyses were effective for species grouping resulting on the formation of 10 groups. Variables: IPADAP and and P95 were efficient on the formed groups discrimination.. Variations in the growth rates for the overall mean data were reduced wen calculated for each group of species.

scholarly journals Diversity of Tree Species in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
P. C. Nnadi ◽  
B. B. Otene ◽  
Nwiisator David-Sarogoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Rivers State

This study was carried out to examine the distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations at the Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt Nigeria. The general objective of this study was to examine the Ecological distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations. The specific objective was to determine the species abundance of various plants in the study area and also to examine the ecological diversity of tree species in the various groups. The study area was divided into three groups (stations) with the various plants species identified and recorded. Data gotten from the field was analyzed using descriptive statistic and some ecological indices such as Margalef, Mehinick, Shannon diversity, Shannon Wiener, Evenness/Equitability and Simpson dominance.  A total of one thousand Sixty-nine (1069) individual plant were identified with 16, 17 and 12 species in stations 1-3 respectively. The highest individual plants (561) were observed in station 1 while the least (87) were observed in station 3. The mean values of stations 1 and 2 were significantly and statistically different from site 3 at p<0.05. The results obtained showed some dominant species to include Elaeis guincensis, Polyaithia longifolia, Pinus spp, Gmelina arborea, Wodyetia bifareata, Citrus sinensis, Cocos nuciferia while others were the least dominant species found in the study area. The Margalef, Mehinicks and Shannon Wiener values were consistently highest in station 2 but lowest in station 3.  Human disturbances had negative impact on tree species abundance especially in site 3. It is therefore recommended that management interventions are necessary in other to stop indiscriminate felling of the various trees species that made up the different groups.

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