Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals in selected private zoos in south-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
T.J. Akinnubi ◽  
O.A. Morenikeji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
South West ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Coccidian Parasites

This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasite profile of captive animals kept in three private zoological gardens (Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park, Q-BRAT Zoos and Gardens, OMU Resort) in south-west Nigeria. Animals were screened for gastrointestinal parasites via faecal analysis using standard coprological techniques. A total of 104 faecal samples were collected from forty-three animal species across the three zoos. Faecal samples examination revealed an overall parasite prevalence of 41.37%. The prevalence in OOPL was 35.29%, 62.5% in Q-BRAT and 40.54% in OMU. Gastrointestinal helminths identified were hookworm, Ascaris sp, Clonorchis sp, Enterobius sp,  Trichuris sp and Dipylidium sp, while Entamoeba sp, Giardia sp and coccidian parasites were the only protozoans present. Hookworm and Ascaris sp had the highest prevalence of 39.53% and 18.60% respectively. Prevalence across five categories of captive animals (aves, herbivores, carnivores, primates and reptiles) showed that primates and herbivores had the highest prevalence rates (54.55% and 43.75% respectively). Coccidian parasites had the highest intensity in birds at OOPL. This study shows the presence of parasites of zoonotic importance (Entamoeba sp, Hookworm, Ascaris sp, Giardia sp Enterobius sp and Trichuris sp) among screened animals. The result of this survey calls for the improvement of husbandry practices,  continuous parasite surveillance and therapeutic practices in the zoos in order to prevent a breakdown of animal and public health. Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites; captive animals; zoological gardens, zoonosis; public health; south-west Nigeria.

scholarly journals Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora L. Ursache ◽  
Adriana Györke ◽  
Viorica Mircean ◽  
Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽  
Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Method

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic character represent a problem for the public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with digestive symptoms. Faecal samples collected from 137 cats were analysed by the flotation method using sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 56.6%. GI parasites were significantly (p=0.005) more common in cats with digestive symptoms (69.8%) than in clinically healthy ones (23.0%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified GI parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.7%), Taenia spp. (2.2), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts (0.7%). T. cati (53.3%, p<0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p<0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with digestive symptoms. Lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of the age, symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics and repeatability of gastrointestinal parasite burdens in wild Soay sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Sweeny ◽  
Yolanda Corripio-Miyar ◽  
Xavier Bal ◽  
Adam Hayward ◽  
Jill G. Pilkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soay Sheep ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractSeasonality is a ubiquitous feature of wildlife disease ecology, but is determined by a complex interplay of environmental, parasitological and host factors. Gastrointestinal parasites often exhibit strong seasonal dynamics in wild vertebrate populations due to, for example, environmental influences on free-living or vectored life stages, and variation in the physiological and immune status of hosts across their annual cycle. At the same time, wild populations are typically infected with multiple parasites. The seasonal dynamics of co-infecting parasites may differ depending on age and reproductive status, and associations among parasites may be driven by short-term within-individual changes or longer-term interactions that are consistent among hosts. Here, we used faecal samples and egg counts collected repeatedly from individually marked and monitored wild Soay sheep that were part of a long-term study to investigate seasonal dynamics of six gastrointestinal parasite groups (strongyle nematodes, coccidian protozoa, Capillaria, Strongyloides, Nematodirus, and Moniezia). Prevalence and abundance generally tended to be higher spring and summer, and burdens were higher in lambs than adults. Within the highly prevalent strongyle nematode group, we found differences in seasonality of egg counts depending on adult reproductive status. Reproductive ewes had increased counts in spring around the time of birth followed by a drop in abundance in summer, while barren ewes showed little evidence of seasonality. Males showed a sustained rise in egg counts through spring and summer, and sex differences were only strongly apparent in summer. In contrast, in similarly prevalent coccidia we found a peak in faecal oocyst counts in spring but no differences in seasonality among males, barren and pregnant ewes. Using multivariate mixed-effects models, we went on to show that both strongyle and coccidia counts are moderately repeatable across seasons among individuals. We further show that apparent positive correlation between strongyle and coccidia counts was driven by short-term within-individual changes in both parasite burdens rather than long-term among-individual covariation. Overall, our results demonstrate that seasonality varies across demographic and parasite groups and highlight the value of investigating fluctuating susceptibility and exposure over time for understanding epidemiology of a population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and parasites in smallholder pigs reared in the central Free State Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma C. Nwafor ◽  
Hester Roberts ◽  
Pieter Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Free State ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Free State Province ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gender And Health

Pigs are kept by farmers as a source of livelihood and food. Unfortunately, helminthiasis and other internal parasites are major setbacks to profitable pig production in Africa. There is a lack of information on the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal helminths and parasites plaguing resource-poor pig farmers in the Free State. Knowledge of these endemic parasites can be used as baseline data to help design future intervention plans. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the types of gastrointestinal helminths and parasites prevalent in smallholder pigs reared in the central Free State Province. Faecal samples were randomly collected from 77 pigs and parasitologically analysed. Quantification was done using the McMaster counting technique. Farming system, age, gender and health status were the risk factors considered. The study was conducted between January and March 2016. Overall, results showed that 61 samples (79.2%) tested positive for one or more gastrointestinal parasites, which were observed as single or mixed infections. Amongst the positive samples, 44.5% were infected with Ascaris suum, 50.6% with Trichuris suis, 26.0% and 72.7% were infected with Oesophagostomum dentatum and coccidia, respectively. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the rate of infection in the intensive and semi-intensive systems and between the dewormed and non-dewormed pigs. Piglets and female pigs recorded a higher prevalence in their categories. Pigs excreted mostly low (eggs per gram [EPG] ≤ 100) to moderate (EPG > 100 < 500) levels of helminth eggs. It is concluded that different species of gastrointestinal parasites are present in most pigs reared by smallholder farmers in this study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta Zimmermann, 1780) and Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus Entellus Dufresne, 1797) In Devghat, Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Pujan Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Pitambar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Hanuman Langur ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Multiple Species

The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Rhesus Macaque and Hanuman Langur at Devghat, Chitwan. Altogether 93 fresh faecal samples were collected from Rhesus Macaque belonging to five troops and Hanuman Langur of two troops. About 10 gm of faecal material was collected in sterile vials with 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. These samples were examined microscopically by faecal concentration methods viz. floatation technique and sedimentation technique. Out of 93 samples, 69 (74.20%) were found positive for at least one parasite. Prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites was 52.68% and 40.86% respectively. Altogether, 10 species of parasites including seven helminth and three protozoa were identified based on morphological characteristics of their eggs and cysts under light microscopy. The most commonly detected parasites were Balantidium coli (27.95%) followed by Eimeria sp. (16.12%), Entamoeba sp. (13.97%), Trichuris sp. (23.65%), Ascaris sp. (11.82%), Strongyloides sp. (10.75%), Oesophagostomum sp. (5.37%), Hookworm sp. (3.22%), Trichostrongylus sp. (3.22%) and Hymenolepis sp. (1.07%). Unidentified larvae of nematode which account for 6.45% of total samples were also recorded. Single, double, triple and multiple species of parasites were found in 36.55%, 29.03%, 6.45% and 2.15% samples respectively. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 12-18

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in western Poland (Lubuskie province) - with particular regard to Baylisascaris procyonis

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Maciej Kochanowski ◽  
Tomasz Cencek ◽  
Magdalena Bartoszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kusyk
Keyword(s):  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Baylisascaris Procyonis ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in raccoons with particular regard to zoonotic parasites. Fifty-five raccoons, hunted or found dead on roads, were examined. The small and large intestines were collected from all raccoons and, additionally, the stomach was collected from 43 animals. The samples were examined with the use of sedimentation and counting technique. The intestines and stomach were examined separately. Samples of raccoon faeces were collected from their environment localised in Słubice district, Lubuskie province (Poland). The samples were collected once a month in 2012. In total, 154 faecal samples were obtained and examined with the use of McMaster flotation technique. The following parasites were detected in the intestinal and stomach contents: tapeworms Mesocestoides sp. (67.3%), Echinostomatidae flukes (34.5%), and nematodes Capillaria sp. (25.5%). Moreover, Acanthocephala were found in the intestines of three raccoons. The highest intensity of infection were observed in case of Mesocestoides sp. Mesocestoides sp. and Echinostomatidae were found statistically more often in the intestines than in the stomach. In the case of these two parasites, there was positive correlation between the intensity of infection in the intestines and the presence of the same parasites in the stomach. Moreover, significantly higher prevalence and intensity of Mesocestoides sp. in males than in females were also observed. Faecal samples contained Baylisascaris procyonis eggs (mean 60 epg). These eggs were found in three samples collected in November and December. Furthermore, in some faecal samples eggs of flukes, Capillaria sp., Mesocystoides sp., and coccidian oocysts were found. It is one of rare reports concerning Baylisascaris procyonis in Poland confirming the presence of this dangerous parasite in Polish raccoon population.

scholarly journals Toxocara cati and other parasitic enteropathogens: more commonly found in owned cats with gastrointestinal signs than in clinically healthy ones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora L. Ursache ◽  
Adriana Györke ◽  
Viorica Mircean ◽  
Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽  
Andrei Răzvan Codea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Flotation Method

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic character represent a problem for the public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with digestive symptoms. Faecal samples collected from 137 cats were analysed by the flotation method using sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 56.6%. GI parasites were significantly (p=0.005) more common in cats with digestive symptoms (69.8%) than in clinically healthy ones (23.0%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified GI parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.7%), Taenia spp. (2.2), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts (0.7%). T. cati (53.3%, p<0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p<0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with digestive symptoms. Lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of the age, symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.

scholarly journals Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Kohansal ◽  
Asghar Fazaeli ◽  
Abbasali Nourian ◽  
Ali Haniloo ◽  
Koorosh Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

AbstractIntroduction:Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.Material and Methods:The presence of parasites was examined in 450 faecal samples collected from eight zones of Zanjan province, northwest Iran from June to November 2015. The samples were examined using the sedimentation concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Results:Gastrointestinal parasites were found in 86 (19.1%) faecal samples.Sarcocystisspp. (7.3%),Taenia/Echinococcusspp. (5.6%),Toxocaraspp. (1.8%), andCystoisosporaspp. (1.6%) were the most common parasites observed. The other detected parasites consisted ofDicrocoelium dendriticum(0.7%),Eimeriaspp. (0.7%),Cryptosporidiumspp. (0.4%),Physalopteraspp. (0.4%),Giardiaspp. (1.3%), andSpirocerca lupi(1.3%). The lowest parasite infection rates belonged toTrichuris vulpisandAcanthocephalans(0.2% each).Conclusion:This study provides current information on the infection rates in dog populations in Zanjan Province. Furthermore, the study shows a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, including zoonotic ones and particularlyTaenia/Echinococcusspp., potentially transmissible to humans and thus relevant to public health.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of bovine gastrointestinal parasites: comparison of different techniques and different solutions 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FOLUKE Adedayo AKANDE ◽  
ALOHUTADE MAUTIN PHILIP
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Moniezia Expansa

Abstract OBJECTIVES : Cattle are important livestock species in Nigeria. But disease agents, especially gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, hinder their productivity. Non availability of rapid and affordable tools for GI parasite diagnosis poses problem to practitioners thus, the use of rapid, highly sensitive diagnostic techniques is required. One hundred faecal samples from cattle were analyzed through Simple Faecal Flotation (SFF), Modified Centrifugal Faecal Flotation (MCFF) and Mini-FLOTAC ® techniques (MFT) using Sodium Chloride, Brine, Sugar, Salt/Sugar and Zinc Sulphate at specific gravity of 1.2, 1.23, 1.25, 1.3 and 1.3 respectively as Flotation Solutions (FS). RESULTS : 100% GI parasite prevalence of was recorded with the following distribution: Strongyle (99%), Strongyloides spp (97%), Neoascaris vitulorum (78%), Trichostrongylus (56%), Nematodirus (46%), Capillaria spp (14%) and Trichuris spp (6%), Moniezia benedini (24%), Moniezia expansa (16%) , Taenia-like egg (3%), Schistosoma eggs (3%) and Eimeria oocyst (100%). Using Salt/Sugar the sensitivity of the techniques was 61.99%, 58.49% and 54.24%. for MFT, SFF and MCFF respectively. Considering the sensitivity of Salt/Sugar FS with availability and affordability its use as a routine FS is advocated. The ease and rapid use of Mini-FLOTAC in low economy country in addition to safety of diagnostic staff and the possibility of re-usage.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kazinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mustahson F. Fazili ◽  
Bilal A. Bhat ◽  
Riyaz Ahmad ◽  
Ishfaq Nazir Wani
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Different Seasons

Background: Natural populations of ungulates are threatened by pathogens and parasites with gastrointestinal parasites being the most widespread. Parasitic infestation is one of the major problems in the management and a growing concern for the conservation of threatened wild animal species. The current study was undertaken to evaluate prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kazinag National Park (KNP) of Kashmir.Methods: From May 2018 to June 2020, a total of 463 fresh faecal samples of Himalayan goral were collected from Kazinag National Park. The samples were processed by the standard sedimentation and floatation techniques.Result: Out of 463 faecal samples examined, 236 were found infected with GIT helminthes. In the present study five helminth species were found including, four nematodes [Haemonchus contortus (35.70%), Trichuris ovis (23.40%), Strongyloides spp. (20.80%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (12.30%)] and one cestode [Moneizia expansa (8.00%)]. Based on the severity of infection, 80.6% of goral positive samples were severely infected (epg greater than 1,500), 9.4% heavily infected (epg = 1,100-1,500), 3.3% moderately infected (epg = 800-1,000) and 6.8% mildly infected (epg = 500). Epidemiological prevalence of GIT helminthes in goral was profoundly influenced by different seasons. The maximum helminth infection was observed in summer season and minimum in winter (p = 0.03). Mixed infection was observed in 206 fecal samples with a prevalence of 47.24%.

scholarly journals Antineoplastic Chemotherapy and its Effects on the Gastrointestinal Parasitism of the Dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
João Lory Costa ◽  
Ana Margarida Alho ◽  
Lídia Gomes ◽  
Ana Eiras ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases ◽  
Baermann Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Antineoplastic Chemotherapy ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Background: In veterinary medicine, an increasing incidence of neoplastic diseases has been followed by a growth in the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, often associated with opportunistic infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, as well as their evolution throughout the protocol and respective effects of chemotherapy on dogs’ lifestyle. Methods: Faecal samples were collected in a group of 30 dogs being treated for neoplastic diseases under different protocols, previous (G1) and during chemotherapy (G2). In total, 60 samples were analysed by Willis flotation, natural sedimentation, Baermann technique and faecal smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen. A survey to characterize animal lifestyles and deworming care were also conducted with dog’s tutors. Results: In total, there were two positive samples for the protozoan Giardia sp., one of which is in association with the nematode Toxascaris leonina. The two dogs only obtained positive results during chemotherapy (G2). An overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases of 6.7%, in G2, and 0%, in G1, was obtained. Conclusion: The low parasite prevalence has not allowed the evaluation of an association between the use of antineoplastic compounds and infections by gastrointestinal parasites. However, it was concluded that the studied groups were efficiently dewormed, as well as they did not experience any obvious changes in their parasitological component and its lifestyle.

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