scholarly journals Statistical tuning of cost 231 Hata model in deployed 1800mhz GSM networks for a rural environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222
Author(s):  
E.L. Omoze ◽  
F.O. Edeko
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Least Square Approach ◽  
Edo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Radio propagation planning requires the use of propagation models in planning cell size as well as frequency assignment. This paper presents a comparative study of path loss predicted using COST 231 Hata model and ECC-33 model on received signal strength data collected from three deployed GSM networks at 1800MHz in Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research environment (NIFOR), Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values obtained from the comparison, the COST 231 Hata model was tuned using the least square approach. The result obtained after tuning shows that for Network A; MPE andRMSE values reduces to 1.17 dB and 5.5dB. For Network B, MPE and RMSE values reduces to 2.26 dB and 7.16dB. While, for Network C; MPE and RMSE values reduces to 6.21 dB and 10.78dB. The results obtained show that the tuned COST 231 Hata model can be used for radio planning in the study environment as well as other environment with similar terrain profile. Keywords: Propagation model, Path loss, COST 231 Hata model, ECC-33 model, Least square tuning approach, MPE and RMSE

scholarly journals Outdoor Radio Propagation Model Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Kakkar ◽  
Amarah Zahra ◽  
Hritwik Todawat ◽  
Vaishnawi Singh ◽  
Farhana Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Ga Algorithm ◽  
Optimum Path ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Radio Propagation Model

Path loss which is one of the main issues in wireless communication system and has been studied for long time. With the tremendous increase in demand in wireless technology, this Path loss needs to be optimized. Therefore, it is very important to analyse these different propagation models in order to get some useful information out and develop a system based on it. This is done to get the optimum path loss from different models. These are useful tools which makes the designers capable of designing a wireless system with great efficiency. In pursuit of the same, this paper attempts to optimize free space propagation model and hata model using GA algorithm, and shows a comparison by putting them side by side. This paper gives an insight of comparison between free space and Hata model in wireless communication taking different propagation environments into consideration.

Path Loss Model Optimization Using Stochastic Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.10) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
A. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
R. Hemalatha ◽  
T. SatyaSavithri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hybrid Optimization ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Weighted Least Square

In the context of modeling the propagation of mobile radio signals, optimizing the existing path loss model is largely required to precisely represent the actual propagation medium. In this paper, a hybrid tuning approach is proposed by merging the stochastic Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The proposed hybrid optimization is employed to optimize the parameters of Cost 231 Hata propagation model and is validated by cellular field strength measurements at 900 MHz in the sub urban region. The hybrid optimization is compared with optimized results of Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The least values of Mean Square error (0.2702), RMSE (0.4798) and percentage Relative error (3.96) justify the tuning precision of the hybrid method. The proposed optimization approach could be used by network service providers to improve the quality of service and in mobile radio network planning of 900 MHz band for 4G LTE services.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS SINYAL PADA JARINGAN LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE) MENGGUNAKAN DATA DRIVE TEST CLUSTER

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
I Wayan Mardika ◽  
Gede Sukadarmika ◽  
Pande Ketut Sudiarta
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Cluster Area ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The Cost

The rapid development of cellular communication technology is inseparable from various problems especially on signal quality. In outdoor areas, the performance of eNodeB that is not optimal may cause communication failure. This research was conducted with the drive test on the L_BUNDARANRENON_PL, L_AKABA_PL and L_MYAMIN_CR to obtain signal quality parameters at Renon cluster area. The results of the drive test obtained compared to the simulation using the Atoll radio planning software with the Hatta Cost-231 propagation model and the Standard Propagation Model. From the comparison results, the margin value is used as a correction factor. The comparison results obtained based on the quality of SINR, The result of using the Standard Propagation Model is closer to the drive test measurement results than using Cost-231 Hatta. However, based on the quality of RSRQ, both propagation models yield almost the same results. Here are found that the correction factor for SINR obtained the Cost-231 Hatta propagation model of 6.15 dB and the Standard Propagation Model model of 6.11 dB. While for RSRQ correction factor the margin for both propagation models is -2 dB

Survey of Radio Propagation Models for Acoustic Applications in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Saini ◽  
Rishi Pal Singh ◽  
Adwitiya Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Radio Propagation Model

Background: Acoustic waves have a large range of applications in UWSNs from underwater monitoring to disaster management, military surveillance to assisted navigation. Acoustic waves are primarily used for wireless communication in water. But radio waves are more suitable than acoustic waves for many underwater applications (e.g. real-time applications, shallow water applications). Objectives: A propagation model is required to effectively design a radio wave based UWSN. Propagation model predicts the average received signal strength at a given distance from the transmitter and the variability of the signal strength in close spatial proximity to a particular location. Various radio propagation models are developed for air. Methods: The performance of RF-EM waves underwater is not the same as that in the air. Many parameters which have real-value in the air becomes complex valued in seawater. Thus, propagation models for air cannot be directly used to calculate propagation loss underwater. Various radio propagation models are developed for water by Al-Shamaa’a et al., Uribe and Grote, Jiang et al., Elrashidi et al., Hattab et al. Each model has some merits and demerits. Path loss model developed by Al-Shamma’a et al. is a simple model based on attenuation only. Results: Uribe and Grote have introduced distance-dependent attenuation coefficient in path loss calculation. Path loss model by Jiang et al. calculates path loss for freshwater. Model by Hattab et al. is specifically designed for UWSN. According to the authors, it is the first path loss model developed for UWSN. Elrashidi et al. have calculated path loss for freshwater and seawater at 2.4 GHz. The model includes the effect of the reflected signals on the received signal by the receiver node. Conclusion: The paper presents a comparative analysis of these various radio propagation models developed for underwater. Among these models, the radio propagation model by Hattab et al. is more realistic and covers both propagation loss and interface loss. According to the authors, it is the first radio propagation model developed for UWSNs.

scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Near-Ground Propagation Models under Different Terrains for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisheng Tang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ma ◽  
Jianming Wei ◽  
Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Channels ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication

The propagation model is an essential component in the design and deployment of a wireless sensor network (WSN). Although much attention has been given to near-ground propagation models, few studies place the transceiver directly on the ground with the height of antennas at the level of a few centimeters, which is a more realistic deployment scenario for WSNs. We measured the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of these truly near-ground WSNs at 470 MHz under four different terrains, namely flat concrete road, flat grass and two derived scenarios, and obtained the corresponding path loss models. By comprehensive analysis of the influence of different antenna heights and terrain factors, we showed the limit of existing theoretical models and proposed a propagation model selection strategy to more accurately reflect the true characteristics of the near-ground wireless channels for WSNs. In addition, we implemented these models on Cooja simulator and showed that simplistic theoretical models would induce great inaccuracy of network connectivity estimation.

scholarly journals Investigation of Empirical Wave Propagation Models in Precision Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sabri ◽  
Mohammed S. S ◽  
Sarah Fouad ◽  
Syed A. A ◽  
Fahad Taha AL-Dhief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Vegetation Models

Wireless Sensor Networks have highly proved its contribution in precision agriculture. Communication channel modelling investigation is a highly demanded to achieve a successful communication system where a good wave propagation model is crucially needed. Precision agriculture degrades the traveling waves in various forms in addition to the effects of the large-scale path losses models. This paper reviews the most known theoretical large-scale path losses models such as free space (FSPL) and Plane earth (PE) models as well as the vegetation models represented by Weissberger, ITU-R, FITU-R and COS235 models. Indeed, this work illustrates the effects of many factors on the total path losses such as separation distance between transceivers, antenna heights and the depth of vegetation that presence in the path propagation. In conclusion, the total path loss is computed based on large-scale path losses and the vegetation losses in protected vegetation environment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PATHLOSS SINYAL LTE DENGAN MODEL COST 231-HATA DI KOTA PADANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Ferry Hidayat ◽  
Delsina Faiza
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Network Cell ◽  
Geographical Structure ◽  
City Regions ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Connection

This research was conducted on the basis of the weakness of the received signal by service users (MS) caused by certain factors such as the geographical structure of a city, many buildings so that the path loss (Path Loss) resulted in data connection failure or call failure. This study serves to determine the comparison of Pathloss values in the Medium-Sized City and Large City Regions in Padang city with a 231-Hata cost propagation model. The measurement method used is the drive test using the Network cell Info LTE application and then analyzed with a model cost 231-Hata, the results of measurements with the RSRP standard research were carried out in the morning and evening for five days. The results showed: In Air Tawar BTS (Large City) by measurement and calculation of the Cost 231 Hata model, compared to the RSRP PT.XL Axiata Padang standard, the signal quality is medium category. While the Lubuk Buaya (Medium-Sized City) BTS is measured, and in the calculation of the Cost 231 Hata model. Compared to the RSRP PT.XL Axiata Padang standard, the signal quality is in Medium category. From the results of measurements and calculations there are differences in pathloss values that are not too significant. This is due to several factors such as building height, road width and geographical structure of the area.Keywords: RSRP, Pathloss, Drive Test, Cost 231 Hata,4G LTE

Design and development of manually operated gladiolus planter

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
TAPAN K. KHURA ◽  
H. L. KUSHWAHA ◽  
SATISH D LANDE ◽  
PKSAHOO . ◽  
INDRA L . KUSHWAHA
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Immense Potential

Floriculture is an age-old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating selfemployment and income to farmers. However, the cost of cultivation of flower is high as compared to cereal crop. Level of mechanization for different field operations is one but foremost reason for the higher cost of cultivation. As most of the Indian farmers are marginal and small, a need for manually operated gladiolus planter was felt. The geometric properties of gladiolus corm were determined for designing the seed metering system and seed hopper of the planter. The planter was evaluated in the field when pulled by two persons as a power source and guided by a person. The coefficient of variation and highest deviation from the mean spacing was observed as 12.93% and 2.65cm respectively. The maximum coefficient of uniformity of 90.59% was observed for a nominal corm spacing of 15cm at 0.56 kmh-1 forward speed. An average MISS percentage was observed as 2.65 and 2.25 for nominal corm spacing of 15 and 20 cm. The multiple index was zero for two levels corm spacing and forward speed of operation. The QFI was found in the range of 97.2 and 97.9 percent. The average field capacity of the planter was observed as 0.02 hah-1.The average draft requirement of the planter was found as 821 ± 50.3 N.

scholarly journals Ranking a set of objects: a graph based least-square approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Evgenia Christoforou ◽  
Alessandro Nordio ◽  
Alberto Tarable ◽  
Emilio Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Least Square Approach
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